Early childhood education effect on children’s vocabulary

Hirata, Guilherme Issamu

doi:10.1590/0101-41615111gh

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Artigo de Pesquisa • Estud. Econ. 51 (01) • Jan-Mar 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-41615111gh linkcopiar

Early childhood education effect on children’s vocabulary^♦

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Este artigo analisa o efeito de um programa de Educação Infantil sobre o vocabulário das crianças. Usando dados de Petrolina de 2016, o artigo compara crianças que frequentavam escola com crianças fora da escola. Para lidar com o viés de seleção, informações coletadas junto aos pais são utilizadas para criar variáveis de controle associadas a características geralmente não observáveis e que são potencialmente correlacionadas com matrícula e desenvolvimento infantil. Os resultados mostram impactos positivos sobre vocabulário expressivo. Ademais, há evidência de que o programa é mais efetivo para crianças com menos exposição à leitura em casa.

Palavras-Chave:
Educação infantil; Vocabulário expressivo; Vocabulário receptivo; Desenvolvimento infantil

Variables	Intervention		Control		p-value
	Mean	s.d.	Mean	s.d.
Age (in months)	48.6	2.9	48.4	3.4	0.664
Boys (proportion)	0.470		0.518		0.537
Rural area (proportion)	0.229		0.229		1.000
Person assessed: mother (proportion)	0.783		0.855		0.229
Socioeconomic status	0.116	0.737	-0.118	0.736	0.042
Read ... to the child (proportion)
Neither books nor comics	0.193		0.241		0.454
Books or comics	0.373		0.422		0.529
Books and comics	0.434		0.337		0.204
Physical punishment
Never	0.398		0.361		0.634
Rarely or sometimes	0.325		0.217		0.117
Often, almost always, always	0.277		0.422		0.051
Parents’ involvement	-0.081	0.754	0.110	0.904	0.140
Parents’ responsiveness	-0.112	0.768	0.153	0.829	0.034
Parents’ efficacy	0.117	0.882	-0.131	0.872	0.071
Mother’s depression	0.140	0.852	-0.081	0.831	0.092
Household environment	0.271	0.855	-0.231	0.902	0.000
Receptive vocabulary (raw score)	11.07	5.83	8.27	7.06	0.006
Expressive vocabulary (raw score)	13.32	7.34	13.24	9.15	0.951
Observations	166		166

	Expressive Vocabulary		Receptive Vocabulary
	Full sample	Waiting list	Full sample	Waiting list
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)
OLS no controls	0.432***	0.318	0.010	-0.094
	(0.155)	(0.252)	(0.158)	(0.243)
OLS with controls	0.379***	0.202	-0.070	-0.323
	(0.146)	(0.242)	(0.171)	(0.232)
IPW	0.407***	0.203	-0.112	-0.358*
	(0.142)	(0.216)	(0.166)	(0.200)
PS Matching	0.202*	0.113	-0.067	-0.339
	(0.119)	(0.301)	(0.171)	(0.269)
NN Matching	0.402***	0.241	-0.131	-0.219
	(0.148)	(0.282)	(0.184)	(0.238)
Observations	166	60	164	59

	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)
	10^th	25^th	Median	75^th	90^th

Expressive Voc.	0.471***	0.658***	0.535**	0.478**	0.314
	(0.123)	(0.119)	(0.206)	(0.224)	(0.303)
Observations	166	166	166	166	166

Receptive Voc.	-0.014	-0.016	0.043	0.003	-0.222
	(0.100)	(0.112)	(0.144)	(0.291)	(0.530)
Observations	164	164	164	164	164

	Coef. (s.e.)		Coef. (s.e.)

Age	0.023	Read books or comics	-0.826**
	(0.040)		(0.343)
Boy	0.165	Read book and comics	-0.718*
	(0.291)		(0.390)
SES	-0.213	Parental involvement	0.242
	(0.190)		(0.157)
Rural	-0.304	Parental responsiveness	-0.160
	(0.343)		(0.177)
Household environment	0.053	Punishment: sometimes	-0.221
	(0.183)		(0.369)
Parental efficacy	0.038	Punishment: often	0.077
	(0.189)		(0.330)

	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)
	Full sample				Waiting list
	Expressive		Receptive		Expressive		Receptive

Treated	0.432***	0.397***	0.010	-0.047	0.318	0.265	-0.094	-0.229
	(0.155)	(0.144)	(0.158)	(0.170)	(0.252)	(0.247)	(0.243)	(0.235)
Age		0.101***		0.084***		0.107**		0.086**
		(0.022)		(0.019)		(0.040)		(0.032)
Male		0.093		0.073		-0.031		-0.264
		(0.144)		(0.158)		(0.309)		(0.244)
SES		0.309***		0.244**		0.108		0.108
		(0.087)		(0.108)		(0.148)		(0.184)
Rural		-0.152		-0.032		-0.289		-0.282
		(0.189)		(0.173)		(0.282)		(0.306)
Mother assessed		0.128		0.110		0.434		0.555*
		(0.162)		(0.175)		(0.372)		(0.323)
Parent involvement		-0.120		-0.125		-0.161		0.004
		(0.092)		(0.092)		(0.215)		(0.167)
Parent responsiveness		-0.093		-0.070		0.124		-0.063
		(0.094)		(0.102)		(0.226)		(0.175)
Home environment		-0.080		-0.163		-0.243		-0.298
		(0.112)		(0.099)		(0.186)		(0.183)
Parent efficacy		-0.352***		-0.145		-0.064		-0.065
		(0.114)		(0.101)		(0.227)		(0.179)
Mother depression		0.025		0.096		0.160		0.254*
		(0.096)		(0.080)		(0.151)		(0.135)
Read books or comics		0.044		-0.067		0.093		0.034
		(0.186)		(0.242)		(0.603)		(0.448)
Read books and comics		-0.014		-0.064		-0.370		-0.491
		(0.205)		(0.239)		(0.626)		(0.448)
Punishment: sometimes		-0.074		0.050		0.040		0.176
		(0.181)		(0.220)		(0.308)		(0.312)
Punishment: often		-0.402**		-0.430***		-0.353		-0.152
		(0.162)		(0.154)		(0.311)		(0.249)
Constant	-0.212*	-4.881***	-0.007	-3.817***	-0.089	-4.975***	0.159	-3.665**
	(0.119)	(1.046)	(0.122)	(0.937)	(0.176)	(1.736)	(0.168)	(1.504)

Observations	166	166	164	164	60	60	59	59
R-squared	0.045	0.351	0.000	0.207	0.027	0.418	0.003	0.387

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Departamento de Economia; Faculdade de Economia, Administração, Contabilidade e Atuária da Universidade de São Paulo (FEA-USP) Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, 908 - FEA 01 - Cid. Universitária, CEP: 05508-010, Tel.: (55 11) 3091-5803/5947 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: estudoseconomicos@usp.br

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[TFN1] Standard errors in parentheses. *** 1% significant. ** 5% significant. * 10% significant. Full sample includes all children with complete information. Waiting list sample includes children from waiting lists in the control groups and children enrolled in schools with waiting lists in the intervention group.

Early childhood education effect on children’s vocabulary♦

Early childhood education effect on children’s vocabulary^♦