Health-related quality of life of nursing professionals in Bahia, Brazil, in the COVID-19 pandemic

Rocha, Maria Adriana Mota; Carvalho, Fernando Martins; Lins-Kusterer, Liliane Elze Falcão

doi:10.1590/2177-9465-EAN-2021-0467pt

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RESEARCH • Esc. Anna. Nery 26 (spe) • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2177-9465-EAN-2021-0467en linkcopy

Health-related quality of life of nursing professionals in Bahia, Brazil, in the COVID-19 pandemic^a

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Objective To identify factors associated with the health-related quality of life of nursing professionals in Bahia, Brazil, during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method Cross-sectional study with snowball sampling including 113 nurses and nursing technicians. From September 2020 to May 2021, sociodemographic, occupational, epidemiological, and quality of life information was collected in an electronic form and evaluated with the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire, according to its Physical, Psychological, Social relations, and Environmental domains. Multiple linear regression was used to identify factors associated with variation in the four quality of life domains of the WHOQOL-BREF.

Results Low mean quality of life scores were significantly associated with being a suspected case of COVID-19 (in the Physical domain), withdrawing from professional practice due to COVID-19 (Physical and Psychological domains), working exclusively in private institutions (Social relations), older age (Social relations), and lack of social support (in the Physical, Psychological, Social Relations, and Environmental domains).

Conclusion and implications for the practice Older age, exclusive work in private institutions, being a suspected case of COVID-19, withdrawing from professional practice due to COVID-19, and lack of social support were associated with lower quality of life of nursing professionals during the pandemic.

Keywords:
Social support; COVID-19; pandemics; nursing professionals; quality of life

Statistics	Domain (WHOQOL-BREF)
Statistics	Physical	Psychological	Social relations	Environ mental
Mean ± Standard deviation	69.7 ± 16.5	66.0 ± 15.0	59.7 ± 19.3	53.7 ± 15.0
Median	71.4	66.7	58.3	56.3
Minimum-maximum	28.6-100.0	25.0-95.8	8.3-100.0	15.6-90.6
Cronbach's Alpha	0.84	0.82	0.74	0.83

		Physical		Psychological		Social relations		Environmental
Characteristics	n (%)	x ± sd	p	x ± sd	p	x ± sd	P	x ± sd	P
Sex			0.642		0.871		0.245		0.549
Female	87 (77.0)	62.3±16.7		66.1±15.2		61.7±17.8		53.3±14.7
Male	26 (23.0)	71.0±16.0		65.6±14.7		55.1±23.5		55.3±16.1
Skin Color			0.203		0.738		0.513		0.759
White/Asian	18 (16.1)	74.4±13.2		66.9±10.9		62.5±15.7		54.7±11.4
Black/Brown/Indigenous	94 (83.9)	69.0±16.9		65.6±15.7		59.2±20.0		53.5±15.7
Marital status			0.921		0.889		0.677		0.865
With partner	74 (66.1)	69.7±16.2		66.1±15.2		59.1±19.5		53.9±16.2
No partner	38 (33.9)	70.0±17.4		65.7±15.0		60.7±19.4		53.4±12.6
Professional qualification			0.104		0.259		0.288		0.001
Nursing technician	42 (37.2)	66.4±17.7		63.9±14.7		57.1±18.5		47.8±13.8
Nurse	71 (62.8)	71.6±15.5		67.2±15.1		61.1±19.8		56.2±14.7
Family income (R$)			0.202		0.021		0.023		<0.001
Up to 3.999,00	61 (54.0)	67.9±16.1		63.0±14.8		55.9±18.2		49.0±13.6
4.000,00 or more	52 (46.0)	71.8±16.8		69.5±14.6		64.1±19.8		59.3±14.8
Work institution			0.96		0.148		0.001		0.318
Private, exclusive	55 (48.7)	69.6±16.3		63.9±15.2		53.6±19.2		52.3±16.4
Public/Public and private	58 (51.3)	69.7±16.8		68.0±14.7		65.4±17.8		55.1±13.5

Aspects related to the COVID-19 pandemic		Physical		Psychological		Social relations		Environmental
Aspects related to the COVID-19 pandemic	n (%)	x ± sd	p	x ± sd	p	x ± sd	p	x ± sd	p
In contact with COVID-19 patients			0.198		0.131		0.182		0.05
Yes	87 (77.0)	68.6±16.2		64.8±15.1		58.3±18.6		52.2±14.7
No	26 (23.0)	73.4±17.2		69.9±14.1		64.1±21.2		58.8±15.1
Had/has a COVID-19 diagnosis			0.012		0.186		0.141		0.292
Yes	40 (35.4)	64.5±15.4		63.4±13.9		56.0±20.6		51.7±15.1
No	73 (64.6)	72.6±16.5		67.4±15.5		61.6±18.1		54.8±14.9
Has a suspected case of COVID-19			0.01		0.259		0.842		0.217
Yes	10 (8.9)	60.7±9.2		60.8±17.3		60.8±21.2		48.1±19.4
No	103 (91.2)	70.6±16.8		66.5±14.8		59.6±19.2		54.3±14.5
Withdrew from work due to COVID-19			0.006		0.028		0.144		0.033
Yes	25 (22.1)	61.7±17.1		60.2±14.1		54.7±17.2		48.1±11.6
No	88 (77.9)	72.0±15.7		67.6±14.9		61.1±19.7		55.3±15.5
Had a recent increase in alcohol consumption			0.635		0.433		0.974		0.249
No	59 (52.2)	70.4±15.9		64.9±14.6		59.6±19.0		52.2±14.4
Yes	54 (47.8)	68.9±17.2		67.1±15.5		59.7±19.8		55.4±15.6
Started using stimulants due to COVID-19			0.523		0.166		0.723		0.402
No	106 (93.81)	69.9±16.6		66.5±14.7		59.8±19.2		54.0±14.7
Yes	7 (6.2)	65.8±15.3		58.3±18.5		57.1±22.3		49.1±19.3
Works under a high risk of contamination			0.897		0.304		0.738		0.765
No	37 (32.7)	70.0±16.0		67.9±12.4		57.8±19.7		53.1±14.5
Yes	76 (67.3)	69.6±16.8		65.0±16.1		60.1±19.2		54.0±15.3
Feels qualified to provide care to COVID-19 cases			0.169		0.009		0.005		0.191
No	18 (15.9)	74.6±18.7		74.3±13.8		71.3±16.2		58.0±13.7
Yes	95 (84.07)	68.8±16.0		64.3±14.8		57.5±19.1		52.9±15.2
Avoids providing care to patients with a suspicion of COVID-19			0.650		0.871		0.563		0.903
No	102 (90.3)	69.9±16.3		65.9±14.8		59.3±19.2		53.7±15.2
Yes	11 (9.73)	67.5±18.9		66.7±17.3		62.9±20.9		54.3±13.9
Sweat, shortness of breath, and increased heart rate at work			0.635		0.064		0.069		0.106
No	52 (46.0)	70.4±16.8		68.4±15.3		62.7±18.2		55.8±13.2
Yes	61 (54.0)	68.9±16.2		63.1±14.2		56.1±20.1		51.3±16.4

Work aspects related to COVID-19	n	Physical		Psychological		Social relations		Environmental
Work aspects related to COVID-19	n	x ± sd	p	x ± sd	p	x ± sd	p	x ± sd	p
Work demands much more from me due to COVID-19			0.263		0.516		0.215		0.569
No	15 (13.3)	65.2±13.7		63.6±11.6		53.9±16.0		59.7±11.4
Yes	98 (86.7)	70.4±16.8		66.3±15.5		60.5±19.7		54.1±15.5
Has been fulfilling all work tasks			0.316		0.047		0.258		0.008
No	9 (8.0)	75.0±20.2		75.5±19.3		66.7±23.6		66.3±13.3
Yes	104 (92.0)	69.2±16.2		65.1±14.4		59.1±18.9		52.6±14.7
Feels safe with protection measures and IPO at work			0.916		0.516		0.515		0.936
No	23 (20.5)	69.3±19.8		67.8±16.2		62.0±21.3		54.1±16.7
Yes	89 (79.5)	69.7±15.7		65.5±14.8		59.0±18.9		53.8±14.6
Is supported by nursing co-workers			0.26		0.969		0.588		0.576
No	26 (23.0)	66.5±16.5		65.9±12.0		58.0±16.8		52.3±13.0
Yes	87 (77.0)	70.7±16.5		66.0±15.9		60.2±20.1		54.2±15.6
Is supported by other people			<0.001		<0.001		<0.001		<0.001
No	83 (73.5)	64.9±14.6		61.6±13.0		53.7±17.9		50.2±14.3
Yes	30 (26.6)	83.1±14.0		78.1±13.7		76.1±12.3		63.5±12.5
Reduced quality of social interactions			0.926		0.712		0.562		0.639
No	18 (16.1)	69.2±15.1		67.1±13.2		62.0±17.4		55.4±11.9
Yes	94 (83.9)	69.5±16.9		65.7±15.4		59.1±19.8		53.6±15.6

Predictor (referent)	Physical (n=113)					Psychological (n=112)				Social relations (n=112)			Environmental (n=113)
	b	b_(EP)	BETA	p	b	b_(EP)	BETA	p	b	b_(EP)	BETA	p	b	b_(EP)		BETA	p
Age in years	-0.175	0.166	-0.088	0.293	-0.249	0.145	-0.142	0.089	-0.855	0,175	-0,371	<0,001	-0,192	0,158		-0,106	0,227
Professional qualification (Technician)	2.059	2.772	0.061	0.459									4,488	2,983		0,145	0,136
Family Income (Up to R$3,900.00)					4.237	2.753	0.146	0.127	1.293	3,238	0,034	0,691	5,037	3,057		0.168	0,102
Work institution (Private, exclusive)					1.224	2.623	0.042	0.642	12.358	3,175	0,324	<0,001
Has/had a COVID-19 diagnosis (No)	-5.504	2.858	-0.160	0.057	-3.748	2.514	-0.124	0.139	-0.811	3,052	-0,020	0,791
Suspected case of COVID-19 (No)	-10.510	4.637	-0.182	0.025
Had contact with a COVID-19 patient (No)	0.500	3.353	0.013	0.882	0.838	3.001		0.781	-1.875	3,624	-0,042		-2,643	3,114		-0,075	0,398
Withdrew from work due to COVID-19 (No)	-9.578	3.209	-0.242	0.004	-5.793	2.73	-0.166	0.036	-2.526	3,254	-0,055	0,439	-4,77	3,082		-0,133	0,124
Started using stimulants due to COVID-19 (No)					3.361	4.712	-0.056	0.477
Feels qualified to provide care to COVID-19 cases (No)	-3.997	3.609	-0.089	0.271	4.476	3.374	-0.113	0.188	-7.384	3,898	-0,142	0.061	0,729	3,777		0,018	0,847
Sweat, shortness of breath, and increased heart rate at work (No)					-3.707	2.367	-0.128	0.120	-1.005	2,822	-0,026	0,722	-3,752	2,573		-0,125	0,148
Has been fulfilling all work tasks (No)					-1.796	4.339	-0.034	0.680					-7,651	4,876		-0,139	0,12
Supported by other people (No)	16.510	2.974	0.444	<0.001	15.146	2.632	0.458	<0.001	16.769	3,166	0,389	<0,001	9,592	2,956		0.284	0,002
Constant	78.646	7.217		<0.001	78.641	7.029		<0.001	89.3	7,414		<0,001	64,598	7,837			<0,001
ANOVA		<0.001				<0.001				<0.001					<0.001
Tolerance (1-R²)		0.788-0.909				0.605-0.879				0.647-0.919					0.613-0.894
Adjusted R²		0.348				0.399				0.485					0.264

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[1] Source: Elaborated by the authors.

Health-related quality of life of nursing professionals in Bahia, Brazil, in the COVID-19 pandemica

Health-related quality of life of nursing professionals in Bahia, Brazil, in the COVID-19 pandemic^a