THE TECHNOLOGICAL LEVEL OF AGRICULTURAL MECHANIZATION IN THE STATE OF CEARÁ, BRAZIL

Albiero, Daniel; Xavier, Reuel S.; Garcia, Angel P.; Marques, Arthur R.; Rodrigues, Ruan L.

doi:10.1590/1809-4430-Eng.Agric.v39n1p133-138/2019

Technical Paper, Agricultural Machinery Management • Eng. agríc. (Online) 39 (1) • Jan-Feb 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-Eng.Agric.v39n1p133-138/2019 linkcopy

THE TECHNOLOGICAL LEVEL OF AGRICULTURAL MECHANIZATION IN THE STATE OF CEARÁ, BRAZIL

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Agricultural mechanization is a significant factor of agricultural modernization, but there are few data on the technological levels of this mechanization in the State of Ceará, Brazil. To study this topic, we designed a structured questionnaire, and interviews were conducted across the state. The survey data made it possible to calculate an index of agricultural mechanization technology and study hypotheses specific to farms of Ceará. The results indicate that the technology levels are different between farms of different sizes: large and medium farms are level I-M5 (automation), while small farms ranged from level IV-M1/M2 (primary/animal) to III-M3 (preliminary). We conclude that public policy for training should be directed at small farms. There is a need to show new production alternatives to small farmers, which leads to savings, and increases the profitability of the activity.

KEYWORDS
Agricultural mechanization; technological level; technical efficiency; economic development

Question	Technology	Score
1-What mechanized system is used on the property?	1a) human or animal power 1b) simple or stationary machines, primary or no training 1c) tractors and their implements, electronics, GPS, advanced training	1a) Score 1 1b) Score 2 1c) Score 3
2-What mechanization step has the farm reached?	2a) Soil tillage 2b) Seeding 2c) Crop conduction/cultivation 2d) Harvest	2a) Score 1 2b) Score 3 2c) Score 2 2d) Score 4
3-Do you rent Agricultural Machinery?	3a) Yes 3b) No	3 a) Score 3 3b) Score 0
4-What kind of maintenance is performed on the machines?	4a) Predictive 4b) Preventive 4c) Corrective	4a) Score 3 4b) Score 1 4c) Score 0
5-Have you been trained to use the machines?	5a) Yes 5b) No	5a) Score 3 5b) Score 0
6-Do you read the instruction manuals?	6a) Yes 6b) No	6a) Score 3 6b) Score 0
7- How many machines are there on the farm?	7a) 0 7b) 1 7c) 2-5 7d) 6-11 7e) >11	7 a) Score 0 7b) Score 1 7c) Score 2 7d) Score 3 7e) Score 4

Macro-region	Focal Municipalities
West Coast	Acaraú
East Coast/Jaguaribe	Icapuí
Ibiapaba	S. Benedito
Central Hinterland	Quixadá
Baturité	Aratuba
Inhamuns	Crateús
Cariri	Assaré
Metropolitan Zone of Fortaleza	Aquiraz

Macro-region	I_b Small	Technological Standard Small	I_b Medium	Technological Standard Medium	I_b Large	Technological Standard Large
West Coast	0,252	III	1,00	I	1,000	I
East Coast/Jaguaribe	0,170	IV	0.833	I	1,000	I
Ibiapaba	0,253	III	0,840	I	1,000	I
Central Hinterland	0,250	III	1,000	I	1,000	I
Baturité	0,251	III	0,885	I	0,875	I
Inhamuns	0.236	IV	0,947	I	1,000	I
Cariri	0,163	IV	0,826	I	1,000	I
MZ- Fortaleza	0,129	IV	0,859	I	1,000	I

Hypothesis	χ² Calc.	Value p	Hypothesis Accepted?*	Contingency Coefficient
Is the use of animal traction related to the type of mechanized operation?	52,560	0,000	YES	0,788
Is the use of simple machines related to the type of mechanized operation?	35,151	0,000	YES	0,683
Is the use of tractors related to the type of mechanized operation?	36,762	0,000	YES	0,777
Is the use of mechanical systems related to the rental of machinery for the small farm?	5,955	0,015	YES	0,570
Is the use of mechanical systems related to the rental of machinery for the medium farm?	1,814	0,178	NO	–
Is the use of mechanical systems related to the rental of machinery for the large farm?	–	Large farms do not rent machines		–
Do operators of small farms who had training read the instructions manual of machines?	11,323	0,001	YES	0,699
Do operators of medium farms who had training read the instructions manual of machines?	0,4041	0,525	NO	–
Do operators of large farms who had training read the instructions manual of machines?	39,612	0,047	YES	0,705
Is the number of machines on the farms related to the type of maintenance?	13,132	0,011	YES	0,788

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Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola - SBEA, Departamento de Engenharia - FCAV/UNESP, Via de Ac. Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, KM 05, CEP: 14884-900 , Phone: +55 (16) 3209-7619, WhatsApp: +55 (16) 98118-8978 - Jaboticabal - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revistasbea@sbea.org.br

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[TFN1] ^*
at 5% de significance level (p= 0,05).