EFFECT OF WATER SUPPLY AND SOWING DATES ON CORN YIELD OF HYBRIDS GROWN DURING OFFSEASON

Fabris, Denise N.; Gomes, Eder P.; Silva, Cesar J. da; Flumignan, Danilton L.; Mello, Kamila de A. M.; Sanches, Arthur C.

doi:10.1590/1809-4430-Eng.Agric.v43n1e20210020/2023

Scientific Paper • Eng. agríc. 43 (1) • Jan 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-Eng.Agric.v43n1e20210020/2023 linkcopy

EFFECT OF WATER SUPPLY AND SOWING DATES ON CORN YIELD OF HYBRIDS GROWN DURING OFFSEASON

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of water supply and sowing time on yield and yield components of two corn hybrids grown during offseason in the region of Dourados-MS, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks in sub-divided plots, with four replications. In the main plot, two sowing dates were defined (2013 crop year: February 27 and March 27; and 2014 crop year: March 18 and April 5). In subplots, irrigation management systems were defined (irrigated and rainfed). Hybrids AS 1555 and AS 1590 were grown in the sub-plots. The parameters evaluated were plant height, ear insertion height, stem diameter, ear length and diameter, 100-grain weight, and grain yield. Regardless of irrigation and hybrid used, sowing time significantly affected corn yield, which responded to climate changes throughout crop cycle. Water supply increased corn yield, with the highest value being of 9338 kg ha^-1 (156 bags ha^-1) and obtained when irrigated AS 1555 hybrid was sown on February 27, 2013.

Zea mays L.; irrigation; genotype; offseason; yield

Crop year	pH	P	K	Ca	Mg	H+Al	Al	CEC	BS

	CaCl₂	mg.dm^-3			cmol_c.dm^-3				(%)
2013	4.79	12.64	0.48	4.31	1.64	6.72	0.23	13.15	48.00
2014	5.13	14.32	0.67	5.18	2.13	5.58	0.05	13.57	58.89

Crop year of 2013

Stage	Period	Rainfall		Degrees Day		Global Radiation		Photoperiod		Irrigation Depth		n° of events

		02/27	03/27	02/27	03/27	02/27	03/27	02/27	03/27	02/27	03/27	02/27	03/27
Initial	0-15	79	134	266	199	400	212	12.31	11.69	55	0	3	0
Growth	16-50	430	84	441	383	571	592	11.76	11.19	104	219	5	9
Reproduction	51-100	84	214	555	492	724	528	10.97	10.7	270	182	11	11
Final	101-130*	165	27	181	207	178	359	10.65	10.81	32	216	2	8
Total		758	459	1443	1281	1873	1691	11.42	11.1	461	617	21	28
Crop year of 2014
Stage	Period	Rainfall		Degrees Day		Global Radiation		Photoperiod		Irrigation Depth		n° of events
Stage	Period	03/18	04/05	03/18	04/05	03/18	04/05	03/18	04/05	03/18	04/05	03/18	04/05
Initial	0-15	34	52	218	194	264	189	11.89	11.50	21	0	1	0
Growth	16-50	114	132	433	368	498	472	11.37	11.04	16	50	1	4
Reproduction	51-100	103	81	488	458	629	594	10.76	10.68	156	169	5	7
Final	101-130*	72	75	208	371	297	518	10.73	11.03	29	190	1	10
Total		323	340	1347	1392	1688	1773	11.19	11.06	222	409	8	21

	Crop year of 2013				Crop year of 2014

	Plant height (cm)
System	02/27		03/27		03/18		04/05
	AS 1590	AS 1555	AS 1590	AS 1555	AS 1590	AS 1555	AS 1590	AS 1555
Irrigated	187.50 a A 1	198.50 a A 1	155.38 a A 2	170.88 a A 2	183.88 a A 1*	184.69 a A 1*	140.00 a A 2	144.69 a A 2
Rainfed	181.13 a A 1*	188.50 a A 1*	136.25 a A 2	146.00 b A 2	162.25 b B 1*	180.25 a A 1*	136.25 a A 2	143.81 a A 2
Inc. (%)	3.53	5.31	14.01	17.05	13.31	2.44	2.71	0.63
	CV %	System	Season	Hybrid	CV %	System	Season	Hybrid
	CV %	9.12	6.88	5.06	CV %	10.43	9.63	9.48
	Ear insertion height (cm)
System	02/27		03/27		03/18		04/05
System	AS 1590	AS 1555	AS 1590	AS 1555	AS 1590	AS 1555	AS 1590	AS 1555
Irrigated	85.38 a A 1	79.38 a A 1	78.88 a A 1	85.13 a A 1	80.31 a A 1*	77.25 a A 1*	54.44 a A 2	52.88 a A 2
Rainfed	81.25 a A 1*	85.88 a A 1*	62.50 b A 2	67.25 b A 2	71.50 a A 1*	73.69 a A 1*	52.75 a A 2	53.81 a A 2
Inc. (%)	5.04	-7.57	26.24	26.45	12.31	4.88	3.03	-1.67
	CV %	System	Season	Hybrid	CV %	System	Season	Hybrid
	CV %	9.11	10.98	6.38	CV %	20.19	19.19	13.97
	Stem diameter (cm)
System	02/27		03/27		03/18		04/05
System	AS 1590	AS 1555	AS 1590	AS 1555	AS 1590	AS 1555	AS 1590	AS 1555
Irrigated	2.04 a A 1	2.15 a A 1	2.30 a* A 1	2.27 a* A 1	2.01 a A 1	1.96 a* A 1*	1.85 a A 2	1.76 a A 2
Rainfed	1.99 a A 1	1.97 a A 1	1.72 b A 1	1.66 b A 1	1.91 a A 1	1.78 b A 1	1.79 a A 2	1.77 a A 1
Inc. (%)	2.51	9.14	33.72	36.75	5.25	10.11	3.35	-0.56
	CV %	System	Season	Hybrid	CV %	System	Season	Hybrid
	CV %	10.44	11.21	10.39	CV %	5.60	7.44	7.24

	Crop year of 2013				Crop year of 2014

	Ear length (cm)
System	02/27		03/27		03/18		04/05
	AS 1590	AS 1555	AS 1590	AS 1555	AS 1590	AS 1555	AS 1590	AS 1555
Irrigated	17.36 a A 1*	16.21 a A 1*	13.87 a A 2	13.40 a A 2	14.73 a A 1*	14.67 a A 1*	12.37 a A 2	12.06 a A 2
Rainfed	16.52 a A 1*	14.99 a A 1*	11.52 b A 2	11.11 b A 2	13.69 a A 1	13.61 a A 1*	12.15 a A 2	11.27 a A 2
Inc. (%)	5.08	8.14	20.40	20.61	7.60	7.79	1.80	7.01
	CV %	System	Season	Hybrid	CV %	System	Season	Hybrid
	CV %	6.68	9.92	3.21	CV %	7.98	9.08	6.07
	Ear diameter (cm)
System	02/27		03/27		03/18		04/05
	AS 1590	AS 1555	AS 1590	AS 1555	AS 1590	AS 1555	AS 1590	AS 1555
Irrigated	4.71 a A 1*	4.86 a* A 1*	4.22 a A 2	4.19 a A 2	4.53 a A 1	4.61 a A 1	4.19 a A 1	4.28 a A 1
Rainfed	4.44 b A 1*	4.42 b A 1*	3.94 b A 2	4.04 a A 2	4.40 a A 1	4.53 a A 1*	4.13 a A 1	3.81 b A 2
Inc. (%)	6.08	9.95	7.11	3.71	2.95	1.77	1.45	12.34
	CV %	System	Season	Hybrid	CV %	System	Season	Hybrid
	CV %	3.22	3.45	1.93	CV %	10.37	9.49	9.12
	100-grain mass (g)
System	02/27		03/27		03/18		04/05
System	AS 1590	AS 1555	AS 1590	AS 1555	AS 1590	AS 1555	AS 1590	AS 1555
Irrigated	28.01 a* A 1*	29.24 a* A 1*	20.13 a A 2	20.84 a A 2	26.37 a A 1*	26.46 a A 1	21.07 a B 2	23.66 a A 2
Rainfed	23.72 b A 1*	24.02 b A 1*	19.53 a A 2	20.42 a A 2	24.18 b A 1*	24.92 a A 1*	19.10 a A 2	20.77 b A 2
Inc. (%)	18.09	21.73	3.07	2.06	9.06	6.18	10.31	13.91
	CV %	System	Season	Hybrid	CV %	System	Season	Hybrid
	CV %	4.37	3.34	5.92	CV %	9.50	7.56	4.93

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[TFN1] H+Al - potential acidity, SB - sum of bases, CEC - cation exchange capacity, BS% - base saturation. Source: Laboratory of Soil Analysis of the EMBRAPA Agropecuária Oeste.