Akay et al.12 (2020) |
48 |
G1) Er:YAG laser (2W) G2) Nd:YAG laser (2W) G3) Sandblasting (SiO2) G4) 9.6% hydrofluoric acid |
Transbond XT light cured composite |
Maxillary central incisor metal brackets |
37ºC deionized water for 30 days |
2,000 cycles between 5±2 - 55±2ºC with 30s dwelling time |
G1: 5.5 ± 0.79 G2: 4.88 ± 0.82 G3: 7.42 ± 0.92 G4: 3.58 ± 0.75 |
Ju et al.4 (2020) |
80 |
G1) Sandblasting G2) Sandblasting + Clearfil ceramic primer on zirconia surface G3) Sandblasting + Clearfil ceramic primer on bracket base G4) Sandblasting + Clearfil ceramic primer on both zirconia surface and bracket base |
Transbond XT primer + Transbond XT light cure composite |
Monocrystalline ceramic brackets |
At 37ºC and humidity 100% for 24h. |
10,000 cycles between 5º - 55ºC with 30s dwelling time |
Mean and standard deviation not included |
Ju et al.2 (2019) |
60 |
G1) Sandblasting + Clearfil Ceramic primer + orthodontic primer G2) Sandblasting + universal adhesive G3) Sandblasting + Clearfil ceramic primer + universal adhesive |
Transbond XT light cured composite |
Maxillary central incisor ceramic brackets |
37ºC and relative humidity 100% incubator for 24h. |
10,000 cycles between 5º - 55ºC with 30s dwelling time |
Before thermocycling: G1: 9.78 ± 1.94 G2: 9.86 ± 1.33 G3: 9.16 ± 0.78 After thermocycling: G1: 8.16 ± 1.78 G2: 4.99 ± 0.99 G3: 4.31 ± 1.02 |
Mehmeti et al.26 (2019) |
48 |
G1) 37% phosphoric acid for 120s + silane primer G2) 5% hydrofluoric acid + silane primer |
Transbond XT primer + Transbond XT light cure composite |
i) Metal brackets ii) Polycrystalline ceramic brackets |
Not mentioned |
5,800 cycles between 5º - 55ºC with 10s dwelling time |
Metal brackets: G1: 10.85 ± 5.84 G2: 8.52 ± 4.72 Ceramic brackets: G1: 11.84 ± 7.30 G2: 8.99 ± 5.36 |
Cetik et al.15 (2019) |
40 |
G1) Sandblasting + Silane primer G2) Er:YAG laser + Silane primer |
Brack Fix primer + Brack 1Fix light cured composite |
i) Mandibular anterior metal brackets ii) Mandibular anterior ceramic brackets |
Not done |
Not done |
Metal brackets: G1: 23.29 ± 5.34 G2: 21.59 ± 4.03 Ceramic brackets: G1: 20.06 ± 4.05 G2: 17.55 ± 3.88 |
Douara et al.27 (2019) |
45 |
G1) Sandblasting (Al2O3) + universal bonding resin (Assure plus) G2) Sandblasting (Al2O3) + Silane + Universal bonding resin (Assure plus) + Silane G3) Sandblasting (Al2O3) + 4% hydrofluoric acid + Silane |
Transbond XT primer+ Transbond XT light cure composite resin |
Monocrystalline ceramic brackets |
37ºC distilled water for 24 hrs. |
500 cycles between 5º - 55ºC with 30s dwelling time |
G1: 2.50 ± 0.75 G2: 7.81 ± 2.81 G3: 8.15 ± 2.41 |
Garcia-Sanz et al.9 (2018) |
90 |
G1) No treatment G2) Sandblasting G3) Femtosecond Ti:Sapphire laser output power- 300 mW, inter-groove distance 60 µm G4) Femtosecond Ti:Sapphire laser output power- 200 mW, inter-groove distance 100 µm G5) Femtosecond Ti:Sapphire laser output power- 40 mW, inter-groove distance 60 µm. G6) Femtosecond Ti:Sapphire laser output power- 200 mW, inter-groove distance 60 µm |
Transbond XT primer + Transbond XT light cure composite |
Maxillary incisor metal brackets |
37ºC distilled water for 24 hrs. |
Not done |
G1: 3.87 ± 0.77 G2: 4.25 ± 0.51 G3: 5.92 ± 1.12 G4: 3.74 ± 0.10 G5: 3.91 ± 0.53 G6: 5.68 ± 0.94 |
Byeon et al.14 (2017) |
130 |
G1) Polishing G2) Sandblasting G3) Sandblasting + Silane primer G4) Sandblasting + MDP primer G5) Sandblasting + MDP containing silane primer |
Transbond XT light cured composite |
Maxillary central incisor metal brackets |
37 ± 1ºC distilled water for 24 hrs. |
5,000 cycles between 5º - 55ºC with 30s dwelling time |
Before thermocycling: G1: 2.6 ± 1.1 G2: 4.98 ± 1.28 G3: 5.13 ± 0.85 G4: 11.92 ± 1.51 G5: 13.36 ± 2.31 After thermocycling: G1: 0.70 ± 0.4 G2: 0.8 ± 0.3 G3: 1.5 ± 0.4 G4: 5.4 ± 3.5 G5: 5.7 ± 1.2 |
Garcia-Sanz et al.17 (2017) |
300 |
G1) No treatment G2) Sandblasting G3) Tribochemical silica coating + Silane primer G4) Femtosecond laser (200 mW) G5) Sandblasting + Femtosecond laser (200 mW) |
Transbond XT primer + Transbond XT light cure composite |
i) Maxillary central incisor metal brackets. ii) Maxillary central incisor ceramic brackets. |
Not mentioned |
Not mentioned |
Metal brackets: G1: 4.23 ± 0.89 G2: 4.46 ± 1.21 G3: 5.99 ± 1.86 G4: 6.72 ± 2.30 G5: 7.22 ± 2.73 Ceramic brackets: G1: 20.06 ± 2.34 G2: 25.01 ± 4.45 G3: 21.62 ± 6.48 G4: 23.18 ± 6.51 G5: 29.22 ± 8.20 |
Mehmeti et al.24 (2017) |
20 |
37% phosphoric acid for 120s |
Transbond XT primer + Transbond XT light cure composite |
G1: Metal brackets G2: Polycrystalline ceramic brackets |
Waterbath for 24 hrs. |
Not done |
G1: 7.35 ± 3.41 G2: 4.66 ± 1.78 |
Lee et al.28 (2017) |
50 |
G1) Sandblasting G2) Sandblasting + Metal/Zirconia primer G3) Sandblasting + Z-Prime plus G4) Sandblasting + Zirconia liner G5) Sandblasting + Scotchbond universal adhesive |
Transbond XT primer + Transbond XT light cured composite |
Ceramic brackets |
37ºC distilled water for 24 hrs. |
2,000 cycles between 5º - 55ºC for 1 minute |
G1: 1.07 ± 0.81 G2: 5.16 ± 0.83 G3: 10.47 ± 2.89 G4: 9.55 ± 1.75 G5: 13.85 ± 1.48 |
Kim et al.19 (2017) |
124 |
G1) Sandblasting (Al2O3) + Silane primer G2) Sandblasting (Al2O3) + Zirconia prime plus G3) Sandblasting (Al2O3) + universal bonding resin G4) Sandblasting (SiO2) + Silane primer G5) Sandblasting (SiO2) + Zirconia prime plus G6) Sandblasting (SiO2) + universal bonding resin |
Transbond XT primer + Transbond XT light cured composite |
Mandibular anterior metal brackets |
100% relative humidity for 7 days |
2,000 cycles between 5º-55ºC for 1 minute with 20s dwelling time. |
Non-thermocycled: G1: 11.4 ± 5.8 G2: 21.6 ± 3.3 G3: 22.9 ± 6.5 G4: 19.7 ± 4.1 G5: 20.5 ± 5.4 G6: 24.2 ± 2.8 Thermocycled: G1: 13.7 ± 5.0 G2: 20 ± 4.9 G3: 22.5 ± 6.9 G4: 25 ± 5 G5: 24.1 ± 3.5 G6: 26.2 ± 3.1 |
Kim et al.20 (2017) |
160 |
G1) Sandblasting + ESPE-sil G2) Sandblasting + Alloy primer G3) Sandblasting + Clearfil ceramic primer G4) Sandblasting + Single bond universal primer G5) Tribochemical silica coating + ESPE-sil G6) Tribochemical silica coating + Alloy primer G7) Tribochemical silica coating + Clearfil ceramic primer G8) Tribochemical silica coating + Single bond universal primer |
Transbond XT light cured composite |
Maxillary central incisor metal brackets |
Deionized water 37º C for 24 h |
5000 cycles between 5º - 55ºC with 30s dwelling time |
Non-thermocycled: G1: 6.6 ± 2.6 G2: 15.9 ± 5.2 G3: 13.1 ± 3.4 G4: 16.7 ± 5.6 G5: 7.9 ± 3.4 G6: 17 ± 3.9 G7: 15.9 ± 5.7 G8: 19.4 ± 4.5 Thermocycled: G1: 5.2 ± 1.4 G2: 14.3 ± 2.9 G3: 12.9 ± 4.3 G4: 15.2 ± 5.3 G5: 5.8 ± 1.6 G6: 8.6 ± 1.7 G7: 14.8 ± 3.9 G8: 7.1 ± 0.9 |
| Amer and Rayyan13 (2018) |
60 |
G1) No surface treatment G2) Sandblasting G3) Soflex disc |
i) Clearfil ceramic primer + Panavia F 2.0 adhesive resin cement ii) Rely X U200 self adhesive resin cement |
Lower second premolar metal brackets |
37ºC distilled water for 24 hrs. |
500 cycles between 5º - 55ºC with 30s dwelling time |
Clearfil + Panvia F 2.0: G1: 0 G2: 20.8 ± 4.8 G3: 12.3 ± 2.8 Rely X U200: G1: 0 G2: 16.7 ± 4.6 G3: 11.6 ± 3 |
| Ihsan and Al-Dabagh29 (2017) |
40 |
G1) Z prime plus primer G2) Sandblasting (Al2O3) + Z prime plus primer G3) Nd:YAG laser (0.888 W, 5s.) + Z-prime plus primer G4) Nd:YAG laser (0.444 W, 10s) + Z-prime plus primer |
Light-cured composite |
Central incisor sapphire brackets |
37ºC distilled water for 24 hrs. |
Not done |
G1: 11.08 ± 1.96 G2: 22.29 ± 1.18 G3: 30.25 ± 2.31 G4: 30.67 ± 2.33 |
Hosseini et al.18 (2016) |
72 |
G1) No treatment G2) Er:YAG laser 1.5 W G3) Er:YAG laser 2.5 W G4) Er:YAG laser 3 W G5) Sandblasting G6) Silane primer |
Transbond XT light cure composite |
Maxillary incisor metal brackets |
37ºC distilled water for 24 hrs. |
500 cycles between 5º - 55ºC with 30s dwelling time |
G1: 0.31 ± 0.23 G2: 0.51 ± 0.14 G3: 1.11 ± 0.40 G4: 3.32 ± 1.52 G5: 9.50 ± 2.92 G6: 3.88 ± 2.20 |
Lee et al.22 (2015) |
40 |
G1) Non-glazed + Sandblasting + Zirconia primer G2) Glazing + Sandblasting + etching + Zirconia primer G3) Glazing + sandblasting + etching + porcelain primer G4) Glazing + sandblasting + etching + zirconia primer + porcelain primer |
Transbond XT light cured composite |
Mandibular incisor metal brackets |
37ºC distilled water |
2,000 cycles between 5º - 55ºC with 30s dwelling time |
G1: 13.7 ± 1.3 G2: 3.7 ± 0.9 G3: 16 ± 2.6 G4: 14.4 ± 1.7 |
Kwak et al.21 (2016) |
70 |
G1 - unglazed): Silicon carbide paper roughening G2) Diamond bur +Z-prime plus primer G3) Pumice + Monobond-S primer G4) 4% hydrofluoric acid + Monobond-S primer G5) Sandblasting (Al2O3) + Monobond-S primer G6) Sandblasting (Al2O3) + Z-prime plus primer G7) Sandblasting (SiO2) + Monobond-S primer |
Transbond XT light cure composite resin |
Mandibular incisor metal brackets |
37ºC water for 24 hrs |
1,000 cycles between 5º - 55ºC |
G1: 13.38 ± 2.57 G2: 15.48 ± 3.15 G3: 14.90 ± 2.75 G4: 15.24 ± 3.36 G5: 15.78 ± 2.39 G6: 4.60 ± 1.08 G7: 14.81 ± 2.91 |
Yassaei et al.25 (2015) |
72 |
G1) 9.6% hydrofluoric acid + silane primer G2) Sandblasting (Al2O3) + Silane primer G3) Er:YAG laser (1W) + Silane primer G4) Er:YAG laser (2W) + Silane primer |
Light-cured composite resin |
Metallic maxillary central incisor brackets |
37ºC water for 24 hrs |
500 cycles between 5º - 55ºC with 30s dwelling time |
G1: 5.8 ± 0.78 G2: 7.8 ± 1.02 G3: 6.8 ± 0.92 G4: 6.9 ± 1.13 |