Impact of tobacco control on healthcare costs for acute myocardial infarction in Uruguay: costs based on Diagnosis-Related Groups

Abstract

Tobacco is the leading modifiable cause of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and respiratory diseases and is thus a serious global public health problem. In 2006, Uruguay implemented the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO-FCTC) and achieved a decrease in the smoking rate and improvements in cardiovascular and respiratory health. We analyzed the clinical and economic impacts of tobacco control measures on the healthcare costs for acute myocardial infarction, which was reduced by 17%. The costs avoided for other diseases were not included. The study examined the trend in a healthcare institution and projected the result to the country’s population. The cost analysis used the diagnosis-related groups (DRG) methodology, combined with the institution’s accounting reports. Besides the hospitalization costs, the analysis included patient transportation, invasive cardiovascular procedures, and healthcare costs for the 12 months following the acute myocardial infarction. The cost per patient was USD 12,037. Considering a decrease of 500 acute myocardial infarctions per year, the estimated annual savings are USD 6 million in medical care costs for the averted acute myocardial infarctions, besides savings from averted work absenteeism, subsequent disability, and disability adjusted life years. This successful tobacco control policy has been the leading public health intervention in the last 30 years in Uruguay. The study aims to contribute to the guidelines determined by the World Health Organization (WHO).

Keywords:
Tobacco; Costs and Cost Analysis; Myocardial Infarction