Trends and association of BMI between sociodemographic and living conditions variables in the Brazilian elderly: 2002/03-2008/09

Silva, Vladimir Schuindt da; Souza, Israel; Silva, Diego Augusto Santos; Barbosa, Aline Rodrigues; Fonseca, Maria de Jesus Mendes da

doi:10.1590/1413-81232018233.12532016

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ARTICLE • Ciênc. saúde colet. 23 (3) • Mar 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232018233.12532016 linkcopy

Trends and association of BMI between sociodemographic and living conditions variables in the Brazilian elderly: 2002/03-2008/09

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

This study aimed to describe BMI’s short-term trends and analyze the association between the Body Mass Index (BMI) and the sociodemographic variables and variables of family perception of the sufficiency and type of food consumed by Brazilian elderly of both sexes. The authors used data from the Household Budget Surveys (HBS) collected by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) in 2002/03 and 2008/09. The prevalence of overweight and obesity increased, whereas normal and low weight decreased. Multinomial regression models were used for 2008/09 to analyze the association between BMI and sociodemographic variables and variables of family perception of the sufficiency and type of food intake. Income and age were more associated with BMI. We suggest that health and nutrition prevention and monitoring measures be implemented through public policies, considering multifactorial overweight in the Brazilian elderly.

Nutritional status; Elderly; Epidemiological surveys; Body Mass Index

Variables	2002/03 (A)			2008/09 (B)			Variation (B-A)**

	LW	OW	O	LW	OW	O	LW	OW	O

	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%
Skin color/ethnicity
White	4.8	35.6	10.4	2.3	41.5	15.1	-2.5	5.9	4.7
Black	7.1	36.5	6.6	3.2	30.8	12.5	-3.9	-5.7	5.9
Brown	4.5	29.6	6.7	3.0	35.8	11.0	-1.5	6.2	4.3
Age group (years)
60 to 64	2.2	38.8	10.0	2.5	41.7	15.3	0.3	2.9	5.3
65 to 69	3.8	30.5	11.3	1.9	40.4	12.4	-1.9	9.9	1.1
70 to 74	4.1	36.5	8.3	3.3	39.0	12.9	-0.8	2.5	4.6
75 to 79	7.8	27.6	7.7	3.1	33.2	14.1	-4.7	5.6	6.4
≥ 80	12.8	27.1	2.7	2.9	30.2	9.7	-9.9	3.1	7.0
Schooling (years)
0 to 5	5.4	32.3	8.1	3.1	36.9	12.4	-2.3	4.6	4.3
6 to 9	2.8	40.9	6.8	1.0	37.0	16.3	-1.8	-3.9	9.5
10 to 12	1.2	42.5	16.0	1.9	39.5	18.6	0.7	-3.0	2.6
≥ 13	2.3	39.5	14.7	1.0	50.2	11.0	-1.3	10.7	-3.7
Income
Low	7.4	24.0	6.6	3.6	30.2	9.4	-3.8	6.2	2.8
Middle	5.3	31.5	7.4	2.7	37.7	13.5	-2.6	6.2	6.1
High	2.8	42.2	12.4	1.9	44.7	15.4	-0.9	2.5	3.0
Region
North	5.6	30.4	7.8	2.1	38.1	9.6	-3.5	7.7	1.8
Northeast	5.8	27.7	5.9	3.9	33.9	9.9	-1.9	6.2	4.0
Southeast	4.4	36.2	10.1	2.3	39.4	14.4	-2.1	3.2	4.3
South	4.5	37.1	10.9	1.4	44.1	16.8	-3.1	7.0	5.9
Midwest	4.1	35.5	8.9	3.2	37.2	14.1	-0.9	1.7	5.2
Sufficiency of Food Consumed
Usually insufficient	6.4	30.9	6.1	3.7	30.3	12.4	-2.7	-0.6	6.3
Sometimes insufficient	6.3	28.8	7.0	3.6	38.2	9.1	-2.7	9.4	2.1
Always sufficient	3.7	37.1	10.6	2.2	39.5	14.8	-1.5	2.4	4.2
Type of Food Consumed
Always as desired	3.3	39.0	12.8	2.0	41.4	14.3	-1.3	2.4	1.5
Not always as desired	5.6	31.8	7.6	3.0	37.5	13.1	-2.6	5.7	5.5
Rarely as desired	4.9	30.5	6.4	3.1	32.5	10.8	-1.8	2.0	4.4

Variables	2002/03 (A)			2008/09 (B)			Variation (B-A)**

	LW	OW	O	LW	OW	O	LW	OW	O

	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%
Skin color/ethnicity
White	4.7	32.0	19.7	3.2	36.8	23.0	-1.5	4.8	3.3
Black	5.2	37.5	15.5	3.5	34.3	21.1	-1.7	-3.2	5.6
Brown	7.4	33.5	15.7	4.5	36.8	20.9	-2.9	3.3	5.2
Age group (years)
60 to 64	3.8	34.5	22.8	2.1	38.4	24.8	-1.7	3.9	2.0
65 to 69	4.7	36.6	16.3	3.2	37.2	22.7	-1.5	0.6	6.4
70 to 74	5.9	32.8	17.3	4.5	37.0	22.2	-1.4	4.2	4.9
75 to 79	6.4	31.7	14.1	4.2	35.5	22.6	-2.2	3.8	8.5
≥ 80	9.4	24.7	15.6	6.5	32.2	14.7	-2.9	7.5	-0.9
Schooling (years)
0 to 5	6.0	32.6	18.2	3.9	36.1	22.1	-2.1	3.5	3.9
6 to 9	2.5	45.2	21.1	1.8	34.4	28.6	-0.7	-10.8	7.5
10 to 12	2.1	29.9	16.2	3.3	38.6	22.2	1.2	8.7	6.0
≥ 13	1.5	32.6	14.9	2.2	40.0	19.4	0.7	7.4	4.5
Income
Low	9.0	28.8	15.9	5.6	32.2	19.8	-3.4	3.4	3.9
Middle	5.6	34.9	17.4	3.9	37.9	21.8	-1.7	3.0	4.4
High	7.3	32.0	14.6	3.6	37.5	20.5	-3.7	5.5	5.9
Region
North	7.3	32.0	14.6	3.6	37.5	20.5	-3.7	5.5	5.9
Northeast	7.8	32.2	15.7	4.7	35.6	19.3	-3.1	3.4	3.6
Southeast	4.2	31.8	19.0	3.3	37.2	22.3	-0.9	5.4	3.3
South	4.1	36.4	22.1	2.7	36.9	27.1	-1.4	0.5	5.0
Midwest	8.6	37.1	14.1	4.7	34.2	20.9	-3.9	-2.9	6.8
Sufficiency of Food Consumed
Usually insufficient	6.6	34.2	16.9	4.8	30.5	21.1	-1.8	-3.7	4.2
Sometimes insufficient	7.0	30.8	19.2	4.3	37.2	20.1	-2.7	6.4	0.9
Always sufficient	4.4	33.9	17.8	3.4	37.1	22.9	-1.0	3.2	5.1
Type of Food Consumed
Always as desired	4.5	32.7	18.8	3.5	36.8	22.2	-1.0	4.1	3.4
Not always as desired	5.6	33.1	17.8	3.8	37.2	22.2	-1.8	4.1	4.4
Rarely as desired	7.2	32.7	17.9	3.5	32.9	21.3	-3.7	0.2	3.4

Variables	Men			Women

	Low Weight	Overweight	Obesity	Low Weight	Overweight	Obesity
	OR (CI95%)**	OR (CI95%)**	OR (CI95%)**	OR (CI95%)**	OR (CI95%)**	OR (CI95%)**
Model 1 = Sufficiency of Food Consumed + Type of Food Consumed + Year
SANS	1	1	1	1	1	1
SAAV	0.95 (0.94-0.96)	1.08 (1.07-1.08)	0.87 (0.87-0.88)	1.06 (1.05-1.07)	1.06 (1.06-1.06)	1.08 (1.08-1.09)
SASS	0.68 (0.68-0.69)	1.30 (1.30-1.31)	1.44 (1.43-1.45)	0.74 (0.74-0.75)	1.14 (1.13-1.14)	1.15 (1.15 -1.16)
TASe	1	1	1	1	1	1
TANe	1.15 (1.12-1.15)	0.82 (0.82-0.82)	0.82 (0.81-0.82)	1.03 (1.03-1.04)	0.98 (0.97-0.98)	1.03 (1.03-1.04)
TARa	0.89 (0.88-0.90)	0.71 (0.71-0.71)	0.66 (0.66-0.66)	1.08 (1.07-1.09)	1.05 (1.05-1.05)	0.99 (0.99-1.00)
Model 2 = Model 1 + Skin color-ethnicity
SANS	1	1	1	1	1	1
SAAV	0.94 (0.94-0.95)	1.07 (1.06-1.07)	0.86 (0.86-0.87)	1.05 (1.05-1.06)	1.05 (1.05-1.06)	1.07 (1.07-1.08)
SASS	0.67 (0.66-0.67)	1.23 (1.22-1.23)	1.35 (1.34-1.36)	0.78 (0.78-0.79)	1.14 (1.13-1.14)	1.11 (1.11-1.12)
TASe	1	1	1	1	1	1
TANe	1.13 (1.12-1.14)	0.83 (0.83-0.84)	0.85 (0.84-0.85)	1.00 (1.00-1.01)	1.06 (1.05-1.06)	1.04 (1.03-1.04)
TARa	0.93 (0.92-0.94)	0.73 (0.73-0.73)	0.69 (0.69-0.70)	1.02 (1.01-1.03)	0.97 (0.96-0.97)	1.01 (1.00-1.01)
Model 3 = Model 2 + Age group
SANS	1	1	1	1	1	1
SAAV	0.96 (0.95-0.97)	1.06 (1.05-1.06)	0.85 (0.85-0.86)	1.05 (1.04-1.05)	1.06 (1.05-1.06)	1.08 (1.07-1.08)
SASS	0.68 (0.68-0.69)	1.21 (1.20-1.22)	1.33 (1.32-1.34)	0.77 (0.76-0.77)	1.16 (1.14-1.15)	1.13 (1.13-1.14)
TASe	1	1	1	1	1	1
TANe	1.22 (1.21-1.23)	0.82 (0.82-0.82)	0.83 (0.83-0.83)	1.02 (1.01-1.03)	1.05 (1.04-1.05)	1.02 (1.02-1.03)
TARa	0.98 (0.97-0.99)	0.71 (0.71-0.72)	0.67 (0.66-0.67)	1.01 (1.00-1.02)	0.97 (0.96-0.97)	1.01 (1.00-1.02)
Model 4 = Model 3 + Schooling
SANS	1	1	1	1	1	1
SAAV	0.96 (0.95-0.97)	1.06 (1.05-1.06)	0.83 (0.82-0.83)	1.04 (1.04-1.05)	1.06 (1.06-1.07)	1.08 (1.07-1.08)
SASS	0.69 (0.68-0.70)	1.19 (1.19-1.20)	1.29 (1.28-1.30)	0.77 (0.76-0.77)	1.16 (1.15-1.16)	1.15 (1.14-1.15)
TASe	1	1	1	1	1	1
TANe	1.16 (1.15-1.17)	0.84 (0.83-0.84)	0.85 (0.84-0.85)	0.96 (0.96-0.97)	1.05 (1.05-1.06)	1.02 (1.02-1.02)
TARa	0.91 (0.90-0.92)	0.73 (0.72-0.73)	0.66 (0.66-0.67)	0.97 (0.96-0.98)	0.98 (0.97-0.98)	1.00 (0.99-1.00)
Model 5 = Model 4 + Income
SANS	1	1	1	1	1	1
SAAV	0.97 (0.96-0.98)	1.03 (1.03-1.04)	0.81 (0.81-0.82)	1.07 (1.06-1.07)	1.05 (1.05-1.05)	1.06 (1.06-1.07)
SASS	0.72 (0.71-0.72)	1.10 (1.09-1.10)	1.19 (1.18-1.20)	0.85 (0.84-0.86)	1.12 (1.12-1.12)	1.10 (1.09-1.10)
TASe	1	1	1	1	1	1
TANe	1.15 (1.14-1.15)	0.88 (0.87-0.88)	0.88 (0.88-0.89)	0.90 (0.90-0.91)	1.06 (1.06-1.06)	1.05 (1.04-1.05)
TARa	0.89 (0.88-0.89)	0.82 (0.81-0.82)	0.74 (0.73-0.74)	0.87 (0.87-0.88)	1.01 (1.01-1.01)	1.06 (1.05-1.06)
Model 6 = Model 5 + Region
SANS	1	1	1	1	1	1
SAAV	0.97 (0.96-0.98)	1.03 (1.03-1.04)	0.82 (0.81-0.82)	1.06 (1.05-1.07)	1.05 (1.04-1.05)	1.07 (1.06-1.07)
SASS	0.72 (0.71-0.73)	1.08 (1.07-1.08)	1.16 (1.15-1.17)	0.85 (0.85-0.86)	1.10 (1.10-1.11)	1.07 (1.06-1.07)
TASe	1	1	1	1	1	1
TANe	1.14 (1.13-1.15)	0.88 (0.88-0.89)	0.89 (0.89-0.90)	0.90 (0.89-0.90)	1.07 (1.06-1.07)	1.06 (1.05-1.06)
TARa	0.88 (0.87-0.89)	0.82 (0.82-0.83)	0.75 (0.74-0.75)	0.87 (0.86-0.88)	1.01 (1.01-1.02)	1.06 (1.06-1.07)

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[TFN1001] * The appropriate weight was the reference category in the analysis. ** p < 0.001 to evaluate the variation of nutritional status categories among the surveys, that all differences were significant; Pearson’s Chi-square test.