Implications of using the Hearing Aids on quality of life of elderly

Carniel, Camila Zorzetto; Sousa, Juliana Cristina Ferreira de; Silva, Carla Dias da; Fortunato-Queiroz, Carla Aparecida de Urzedo; Hyppolito, Miguel Ângelo; Santos, Patricia Leila dos

doi:10.1590/2317-1782/20172016241

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Original Article • CoDAS 29 (5) • 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20172016241 linkcopy

Implications of using the Hearing Aids on quality of life of elderly

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Purpose To evaluate through standardized questionnaires the quality of life of elderly people with hearing loss diagnosed with and without the use of hearing aids (HA) and elderly without hearing complaints.

Methods This is a cross-sectional study with non probabilistic sample, divided into three groups divided as follows: 30 elderly people with diagnosed hearing loss and indication for use of individual sound amplification devices (hearing aids), but have not yet made use of the prosthesis; 30 individuals with hearing impairment who used hearing aids and 30 elderly without hearing complaints. Participants completed a questionnaire investigating sociodemographic and family data, the Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly Screening Version (HHIE-S) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life - Short version (WHOQOL-BREF). In addition to the descriptive analysis of the data were performed tests to compare the three groups by applying analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Bonferroni post hoc test.

Results The three groups differed significantly in all domains of quality of life. The group of the elderly people with hearing loss diagnosed and with indication for the use of hearing aids presented lower scores and the group of the elderly with hearing disabilities that used the hearing aid and that the reference group. The AASI group presented the best quality of life results.

Conclusion The hearing loss affects the quality of life of the elderly. The effective use of hearing aid is beneficial to this population, improving their living and health conditions.

Keywords
Hearing Loss; Presbycusis; Quality of Life; Aged; Hearing Aids

Variable	HLG (N=30)		HLHAG (N=30)		CG (N=30)
Variable	Frequency	%	Frequency	%	Frequency	%
Mean age in years (±SD)	75.6 (8.6)		72.9(7.8)		70(7.2)
Gender
Female	14	46.7%	15	50%	24	80%
Male	16	53.3%	15	50%	6	20%
Schooling
Illiterate/Incomplete Elementary School (up to 3^rd grade)	10	33.3%	11	36.7%	0	0%
Incomplete Elementary School (up to 4^th grade)	13	43.3%	9	30%	0	0%
Elementary School	1	3.3%	5	16.7%	0	0%
High School	3	10%	4	13.3%	0	0%
College	3	10%	1	3.3%	30	100%
Marital status
Single	13	43.3%	12	40%	19	63.3%
Married	17	56.7%	18	60%	11	36.7%
Occupational status
Employed/performing occupational activity with remuneration	4	13.3%	2	6.7%	2	6.7%
Unemployed/engaged in unpaid occupational activity	0	0%	0	0	2	6.7%
Retired	26	86.7%	27	90%	26	86.7%
Dwelling conditions
Alone	4	13.3%	3	10%	7	23.3%
With family	26	86.7%	27	90%	23	76.7%
Religion
Catholic	19	63.3%	22	73.3%	23	76.7%
Evangelical	4	13.3%	6	20%	4	13.3%
Spiritualist	3	10%	0	0%	3	10%
Others	4	13.3%	2	6.7%	0	0%
Presence of chronic disease
Yes	20	66.7%	22	73.3%	8	26.7%
No	10	33.3%	8	26.7%	22	73.3%
Economic classification*
Class A	0	0%	1	3.3%	3	10%
Class B	8	26.7%	15	50%	27	90%
Class C	16	53.3%	12	40%	0	0%
Class D	6	20%	2	6.7%	0	0%

HHIE-S classification	HLG (n=30)		HLHAG (n=30)		CG (n=30)
HHIE-S classification	Frequency	%	Frequency	%	Frequency	%
No handicap	0	0	22	73.3	30	100
Mild-to-moderate handicap	0	0	7	23.3	0	0
Significant handicap	30	100	1	3.3	0	0

Domains	HLG (N=30) Mean (±SD)	HLHAG (N=30) Mean (±SD)	CG (N=30) Mean (±SD)	F
Physical Health*	55(9.0)	68.0 (8.3)	60.7(10.4)	14.917
Psychological*	54.3(10.6)	71.4 (10.2)	63.8(11.6)	18.764
Social Relationships*	62.8(13.3)	81.4 (13.6)	63.3(18.0)	14.731
Environment*	57.1(10.1)	74.0 (12.9)	68.8(12.8)	15.608
Overall Quality of Life *	57.3(7.4)	73.7 (8.6)	64.1(11.0)	24.311

Dependent variable	(I) Group	(J) Group	Mean difference (I-J)	Standard error of the mean	p	Confidence interval 95% (limits)
Domains	(I) Group	(J) Group	Mean difference (I-J)	Standard error of the mean	p	Lower	Upper
Physical Health	HLG	HLHAG	-12.976*	2.381	0.000	-18.789	-7.163
		CG	-5.714	2.381	0.056	-11.527	0.099
	HLHAG	CG	7.261*	2.381	0.009	1.449	13.075
		HLG	12.976*	2.381	0.000	7.163	18.790
	CG	HLHAG	-7.261*	2.381	0.009	-13.075	-1.449
		HLG	5.714	2.381	0.056	-0.099	11.527
Psychological	HLG	CG	-9.444*	2.794	0.003	-16.264	-2.624
		HLHAG	-17.083*	2.794	0.000	-23.904	-10.263
	HLHAG	CG	7.639*	2.794	0.023	0.819	14.459
		HLG	17.083*	2.794	0.000	10.263	23.904
	CG	HLHAG	-7.639*	2.794	0.023	-14.459	-0.819
		HLG	9.444*	2.794	0.003	2.624	16.265
Social Relationships	HLG	CG	-0.556	3.901	1.000	-10.080	8.968
		HLHAG	-18.611*	3.901	0.000	-28.135	-9.087
	HLHAG	CG	18.056*	3.901	0.000	8.532	27.580
		HLG	18.611*	3.901	0.000	9.087	28.135
	CG	HLHAG	-18.056*	3.901	0.000	-27.580	-8.532
		HLG	0.556	3.901	1.000	-8.968	10.080
Environment	HLG	CG	-11.667*	3.093	0.001	-19.218	-4.116
		HLHAG	-16.875*	3.093	0.000	-24.426	-9.324
	HLHAG	CG	5.208	3.093	0.287	-2.343	12.759
		HLG	16.875*	3.093	0.000	9.324	24.426
	CG	HLHAG	-5.208	3.093	0.287	-12.759	2.342
		HLG	11.667*	3.093	0.001	4.116	19.218
Overall QoL	HLG	CG	-6.845*	2.361	0.014	-12.608	-1.083
		HLHAG	-16.386*	2.361	0.000	-22.149	-10.624
	HLHAG	CG	9.541*	2.361	0.000	3.779	15.304
		HLG	16.386*	2.361	0.000	10.624	22.149
	CG	HLHAG	-9.541*	2.361	0.000	-15.304	-3.779
		HLG	6.845*	2.361	0.014	1.083	12.608

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[TFN100] ^*
Socioeconomic data were grouped in A (A1 and A2), B (B1 and B2), C (C1 and C2), and D; no participants were classified as class E. Based on data from the Brazilian Association of Research Firms⁽¹⁸⁾

[2] Caption: HLG = Hearing Loss Group; HLHAG = Hearing Loss with Hearing Aid Group; CG = Control Group