The use of the dichotic digit test as a screening method

Bresola, Júlia de Oliveira; Padilha, Fernanda Yasmin Odila Maestri Miguel; Braga Junior, Joel de; Pinheiro, Maria Madalena Canina

doi:10.1590/2317-1782/20202020314

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Original Article • CoDAS 33 (6) • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20202020314 linkcopy

The use of the dichotic digit test as a screening method

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Purpose To analyze the use of the Dichotic Digit Test (DDT) as a screening method and to compare its performance with a self-perception questionnaire and other Central Auditory Processing (CAP)behavioral tests.

Methods Cross-sectional, retrospective study with analysis of medical records. The study analyzed 66 medical records of children aged 8 to 11 years, and divided them into control group (G1), consisting of 34 children who did not show changes in the DDT, and the study group (G2) with 32 children who showed changes in the DDT. The Scale of Auditory Behaviors (SAB) questionnaire was used in addition to behavioral tests that assessed the auditory abilities of localization, closure, figure-ground, temporal ordering and resolution.

Results Individuals in G2 showed higher percentages of changes in all instruments, except for the speech-in-noise test. There was a statistically significant association between the DDT performance categories with the categories of the SAB questionnaire (p-value 0.022) and the simplified CAP assessment (p-value<0.001). The DDT showed a significant correlation with the SAB questionnaire and with all CAP tests used in at least one of the analyzed ears.

Conclusion In conclusion, the DDT can be used as a screening method for central auditory processing disorder in basic audiological assessment as there was an association in its performance with the self-perception in the SAB questionnaire, in addition to correlation, especially in the left ear, with behavioral tests applied to diagnose CAPD.

Keywords
Auditory Perception; Auditory Tests; Screening; Hearing Disorders; Hearing

Tests	G1- N	G1-% ofchange	G2 - N	G2 - % ofchange
DDT	34	0 (0)	32	32 (100)
SAB ≤ 34	34	12 (35.3)	32	20 (62.5)
SAB ≤ 45	34	20 (58.8)	32	27 (84.4)
SAAP	34	6 (17.6)	32	24 (75.0)
RDGT	34	18 (52.9)	32	24 (75.0)
PSI	34	5 (14.7)	32	7 (21.8)
SIN	29	5 (17.2)	9	1 (11.1)
FST	09	0 (0)	19	5 (26.3)
DPT	28	9 (32.1)	19	13 (68.4)

	No changed tests n (%)	1 ou 2 changed tests n (%)	3 or more changed tests n (%)	*p
SAB NL ≥ 35	10 (29.4)	16 (47.1)	8 (23.5)	0.001
SAB CHA ≤ 34	1 (3.1)	10 (31.3)	21 (65.6)	0.001
SAB NL ≥ 46	9 (47.4)	8 (42.1)	2 (10.5)	< 0.001
SAB CHA ≤ 45	2 (4.3)	18 (38.3)	27 (57.4)	< 0.001

Test	G1	G2	*p
SAB NL ≥ 35	22	12	0.027*
SAB CHA ≤ 34	12	20	0.027*
SAB NL ≥ 46	14	5	0.022*
SAB CHA ≤ 45	20	27	0.022*
SAAP NL	28	8	< 0.001*
SAAPCHA	6	24	< 0.001*

	Mean (SD)	Median	Minimum	Maximum	*p
DDT - RE					<0.001*
G1	96.3 (3.6)	97.2	86.2	100
G2	80.8 (17.7)	86.8	20	100
DDT - LE					<0.001*
G1	94.4 (5.0)	95.0	82.5	100
G2	79.5 (17.9)	85.5	10	95
SAB					0.014*
G1	39.2 (11,9)	42.0	18	58
G2	31.7 (11,4)	31.5	12	53
RGDT					0.005*
G1	21.9 (20.2)	11.1	2.7	72.5
G2	51 (44.4)	38.7	2.7	162.5
DPT					0.042*
G1	91.3 (18.8)	100	20	100
G2	78.6 (25.3)	80	10	100
PSI - RE					0.036*
G1	90.8 (10.2)	80	60	100
G2	85.9 (19.1)	90	30	100
PSI - LE					0.866
G1	87.5 (16.3)	90	40	100
G2	85.9 (19.1)	90	30	100
SIN - RE					0.808
G1	80.1 (18.6)	86	24	100
G2	82.5 (9.3)	84	68	96
SIN - LE					0.695
G1	81.2 (13.5)	84	40	96
G2	81 (10.8)	82	68	96
FST - RE					0.013*
G1	72.8 (14.5)	68	56	88
G2	49.6 (15.5)	54	20	68
FST - LE					0.768
G1	77.6 (14.5)	84	52	88
G2	76.4 (10.7)	76	60	92

	DDT RE	DDT LE	SAB	RGDT	PSI RE	PSI LE	SIN RE	SIN LE	DPT	FST RE	FST LE
DDT - RE	_____	0.776*	0.565*	-0.317	0.240	0.064	-0.006	-0.072	0.587*	0.258	-0.076
DDT - LE	0.776*	_____	0.655*	-0.564*	0.505*	-0.090	0.217	0.554*	0.674*	0.574	0.894*
SAB	0.565*	0.655*	_____	-0.212	0.066	-0.052	0.087	0.105	0.319	0.083	0.099
RGDT	-0.317	-0.564*	-0.212	_____	-0.257*	-0.100	0.108	-0.131	-0.529*	-0.639*	-0.130
PSI - RE	0.240	0.505*	0.066	-0.257*	_____	0.366*	-0.115	-0.290	-0.055	0.201	-0.477
PSI - LE	0.064	-0.090	-0.052	-0.100	0.336*	_____	0.088	0.223	0.001	0.116	-0.143
SIN - RE	-0.006	0.217	0.087	0.108	-0.115	0.088	_____	0.688*	-0.069	_____	_____
SIN - LE	-0.072	0.554*	0.105	-0.131	-0.290	0.233	0.688*	_____	0.203	_____	_____
DPT	0.587*	0.674*	0.319	-0.529*	-0.055	0.001	-0.069	0.203	_____	0.466	-0.083
FST - RE	0.258	0.574	0.083	-0.639*	0.201	0.116	_____	_____	0.466	_____	0.060
FST - LE	-0.076	0.894*	0.099	-0.130	-0.447	-0.143	_____	_____	-0.083	0.060	_____

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[1] Caption: SAB = Scale of Auditory Behaviors; SAAP = Simplified Assessment of Auditory Processing; DDT = Dichotic Digit Test; RGDT = Random Gap Detection Test; PSI = Pediatric Speech Intelligibility Test; SIN = Speech-in-Noise; FST = Filtered Speech Test; DPT = Duration Pattern Test; G1 = Control group; G2 = Study group; N = number of children