Preliminary study of a Digital Brazilian Portuguese Speech Assessment Instrument: validity and reliability of imitation and naming tasks

Oliveira, Eduarda Pinheiro; Oliveira, Dara da Silva; Alvaro, Isabel da Rosa; Uberti, Letícia Bitencourt; Keske-Soares, Márcia; Pagliarin, Karina Carlesso

doi:10.1590/2317-1782/e20250084en

person Eduarda Pinheiro Oliveira

methodology · writing – original draft

schoolPrograma de Pós-graduação em Distúrbios da Comunicação Humana, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – UFSM - Santa Maria (RS), Brasil.

0000-0001-6391-8028

person Dara da Silva Oliveira

investigation · methodology · writing – original draft

schoolPrograma de Pós-graduação em Distúrbios da Comunicação Humana, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – UFSM - Santa Maria (RS), Brasil.

0009-0007-9647-9691

person Isabel da Rosa Alvaro

methodology · writing – original draft

schoolPrograma de Pós-graduação em Distúrbios da Comunicação Humana, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – UFSM - Santa Maria (RS), Brasil.

0009-0001-1149-6932

person Letícia Bitencourt Uberti

conceptualization · writing – original draft

schoolPrograma de Pós-graduação em Distúrbios da Comunicação Humana, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – UFSM - Santa Maria (RS), Brasil.

0000-0002-6371-652X

person Márcia Keske-Soares

writing – review & editing · supervision

schoolPrograma de Pós-graduação em Distúrbios da Comunicação Humana, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – UFSM - Santa Maria (RS), Brasil.

0000-0002-5678-8429

person Karina Carlesso Pagliarin

formal analysis · writing – review & editing · supervision · project administration

schoolPrograma de Pós-graduação em Distúrbios da Comunicação Humana, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – UFSM - Santa Maria (RS), Brasil.

0000-0003-2297-1396

Conflict of interests:

nothing to declare.

personCorrespondence address: Karina Carlesso Pagliarin Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – UFSM Faixa de Camobi, Km 09, Prédio 26E, Campus Universitário, Santa Maria (RS), Brasil, CEP: 97105-900. E-mail:
karina.carlesso@ufsm.br

Editor:

Aline Mansueto Mourão.

Phoneme	INFONO N	DSAI N	r
Simple onset
/p/	9	7	.
/b/	10	4	0.845**
/t/	19	10	1.000**
/d/	7	4	0.871**
/k/	18	11	0.993**
/g/	7	7	0.982**
/f/	7	5	0.795**
/v/	8	6	0.888**
/s/	9	7	0.928**
/z/	6	6	0.868**
/ʃ/	7	4	0.969**
/ʒ/	6	5	0.867**
/X/	6	5	0.982**
/m/	6	8	1.000**
/n/	8	5	.
/ɲ/	3	3	.
/l/	11	10	0.732**
/ʎ/	4	1	0.781**
/ɾ/- tap	8	8	0.853**
Coda
/S/	10	5	0.692**
/ɾ/- tap	9	5	0.822**
Complex Onset
/pr/	2	2	0.977**
/pl/	2	2	0.889**
/br/	2	2	0.961**
/bl/	1	1	0.550
/tr/	3	2	0.962**
/dr/	3	2	0.921**
/kr/	2	2	0.680**
/kl/	2	1	0.430
/gr/	3	1	0.830**
/fr/	3	2	0.675**
/fl/	2	1	0.913**
/vr/	1	1	1.000**

Phoneme	INFONO N	DSAI N	r
Simple onset
/p/	9	6	.
/b/	10	4	0.978**
/t/	19	10	.
/d/	7	2	0.532*
/k/	18	7	0.989**
/g/	7	6	0.932**
/f/	7	4	0.965**
/v/	8	4	0.814**
/s/	9	6	0.801**
/z/	6	4	0.943**
/ʃ/	7	5	0.897**
/ʒ/	6	4	0.877**
/X/	6	2	0.972**
/m/	6	4	.
/n/	8	7	.
/ɲ/	3	2	.
/l/	11	9	0.837**
/ʎ/	4	2	0.523*
/ɾ/- tap	8	9	0.960**
Coda
/S/	10	5	0.428
/ɾ/- tap	9	3	0.750**
Complex Onset
/pr/	2	2	0.930**
/pl/	2	2	0.636**
/br/	2	2	0.914**
/bl/	1	1	1.000**
/tr/	3	2	0.963**
/dr/	3	2	0.912**
/kr/	2	3	0.590*
/kl/	2	1	0.767**
/gr/	3	2	0.876**
/fr/	3	2	0.743**
/fl/	2	1	0.636**
/vr/	1	1	1.000**

Phoneme	Groups		p-value
Phoneme	Clinical (N=26) Mean (SD)	Control (n=19) Mean (SD)	p-value
Simple onset
/p/	98.01 (5.94)	100 (0.00)	0.100
/b/	96.15 (13.59)	100 (0.00)	0.161
/t/	98.46 (7.85)	100 (0.00)	0.399
/d/	96.46 (13.84)	100 (0.00)	0.204
/k/	89.09 (27.47)	100 (0.00)	0.054
/g/	85.68 (28.94)	100 (0.00)	0.018
/f/	89.23 (28.97)	100 (0.00)	0.070
/v/	86.22 (29.53)	100 (0.00)	0.025
/s/	82.55 (31.33)	99.25 (3.28)	0.012
/z/	79.23 (30.53)	100 (0.00)	0.002
/ʃ/	53.85 (45.66)	96.05 (17.21)	≤ 0.001
/ʒ/	59.62 (41.59)	94.74 (14.67)	≤ 0.001
/X/	82.12 (33.17)	100 (0.00)	0.011
/m/	99.52 (2.45)	100 (0.00)	0.399
/n/	95.07 (14.90)	100 (0.00)	0.104
/ ɲ /	97.42 (13.14)	100 (0.00)	0.399
/ʎ/	52 (50.99)	100 (0.00)	0.002
/ɾ/- tap	48.14 (40.08)	97.32 (6.78)	≤ 0.001
Coda
/S/	74.01 (31.78)	100 (0.00)	≤ 0.001
/ɾ/- tap	49.94 (38.24)	98.95 (4.59)	≤ 0.001
Complex onset
/pr/	32 (47.61)	92.11 (25.07)	≤ 0.001
/pl/	50 (44.72)	97.37 (11.47)	≤ 0.001
/br/	46.15 (48.83)	94.74 (15.77)	≤ 0.001
/bl/	47.06 (51.45)	100 (0.00)	≤ 0.001
/tr/	30.77 (42.61)	84.21 (37.46)	≤ 0.001
/dr/	21.15 (35.14)	68.42 (47.76)	≤ 0.001
/kr/	25 (40.62)	92.11 (18.73)	≤ 0.001
/kl/	28.57 (46.29)	100 (0.00)	≤ 0.001
/gr/	30.77 (47.07)	100 (0.00)	≤ 0.001
/fr/	28.85 (37.88)	94.74 (22.94)	≤ 0.001
/fl/	50 (51.08)	100 (0.00)	≤ 0.001
/vr/	23.08 (42.97)	100 (0.00)	≤ 0.001

Phoneme imitation	Groups		p-value
Phoneme imitation	Clinical (N=26) Mean (SD)	Control (n=19) Mean (SD)	p-value
Simple onset
/p/	98.71 (4.58)	100 (0.00)	0.161
/b/	95.19 (12.29)	100 (0.00)	0.057
/t/	99.19 (2.87)	100 (0.00)	0.162
/d/	98.08 (9.81)	100 (0.00)	0.399
/k/	92.64 (22.86)	100 (0.00)	0.113
/g/	90.36 (24.61)	100 (0.00)	0.057
/f/	93.85 (18.83)	98.68 (5.74)	0.226
/v/	81.73 (32.06)	96.05 (9.37)	0.039
/s/	83.59 (31.58)	100 (0.00)	0.014
/z/	88.19 (26.77)	100 (0.00)	0.034
/ʃ/	60.58 (46.74)	94.74 (18.67)	0.002
/ʒ/	65.19 (43.83)	93.42 (23.34)	0.008
/X/	82.69 (34.47)	100 (0.00)	0.017
/m/	-	-	-
/n/	98.08 (9.81)	100 (0.00)	0.399
/ɲ/	-	-	-
/l/	90.29 (14.69)	100 (0.00)	0.002
/ʎ/	69.23 (40.19)	92.11 (18.73)	0.015
/ɾ/- tap	50.17 (39.90)	98.83 (5.10)	≤ 0.001
Coda
/S/	80.08 (30.19)	100 (0.00)	0.002
/ɾ/- tap	50.9 (39.82)	100 (0.00)	≤ 0.001
Complex onset
/pr/	56.41 (47.63)	89.47 (26.77)	0.005
/pl/	46.15 (44.55)	100 (0.00)	≤ 0.001
/br/	40.38 (46.95)	89.47 (31.53)	≤ 0.001
/bl/	47.22 (49.92)	94.74 (22.94)	≤ 0.001
/tr/	40.38 (44.76)	86.84 (32.67)	≤ 0.001
/dr/	23.08 (38.03)	86.84 (32.67)	≤ 0.001
/kr/	31.36 (36.56)	91.23 (26.86)	≤ 0.001
/kl/	57.69 (50.38)	100 (0.00)	≤ 0.001
/gr/	42.31 (48.36)	92.11 (25.07)	≤ 0.001
/fr/	36.54 (45.95)	89.47 (31.53)	≤ 0.001
/fl/	50 (50.99)	100 (0.00)	≤ 0.001
/vr/	23.08 (42.97)	94.74 (22.94)	≤ 0.001

Phoneme	Kendall	p-value
Simple onset
/p/	1.00	≤0.001
/b/	0.66	0.003
/t/	1.00	≤0,001
/d/	0.63	0.004
/k/	0.86	≤0.001
/g/	1.00	≤0.001
/f/	0.82	≤0.001
/v/	0.71	≤0.001
/s/	0.88	≤0.001
/z/	0.89	≤0.001
/ʃ/	1.00	≤0.001
/ʒ/	0.80	≤0.001
/X/	0.88	≤0.001
/m/	0.69	0.003
/n/	0.81	≤0.001
/ɲ/	1.00	≤0.001
/l/	0.85	≤0.001
/ʎ/	1.00	≤0.001
/ɾ/- tap	0.88	≤0.001
Coda
/S/	0.78	≤0.001
/ɾ/- tap	0.82	≤0.001
Complex onset
/pr/	0.84	≤0.001
/pl/	0.87	≤0.001
/br/	0.95	≤0.001
/bl/	1.00	≤0.001
/tr/	0.94	≤0.001
/dr/	0.90	≤0.001
/kr/	0.78	≤0.001
/kl/	1.00	≤0.001
/gr/	1.00	≤0.001
/fr/	1.00	≤0.001
/fl/	1.00	≤0.001
/vr/	1.00	≤0.001

Phoneme	Kendall	p-value
Simple onset
/p/	1.00	≤0.001
/b/	0.86	≤0.001
/t/	1.00	≤0.001
/d/	0.56	0.010
/k/	0.88	≤0.001
/g/	0.99	≤0.001
/f/	0.84	≤0.001
/v/	1.00	≤0.001
/s/	0.93	≤0.001
/z/	0.74	≤0.001
/ʃ/	0.83	≤0.001
/ʒ/	0.81	≤0.001
/X/	1.00	≤0.001
/m/	1.00	≤0.001
/n/	0.72	0.002
/ɲ/	1.00	≤0.001
/l/	0.70	≤0.001
/ʎ/	0.73	≤0.001
/ɾ/- tap	0.92	≤0.001
Coda
/S/	0.92	≤0.001
/ɾ/- tap	0.92	≤0.001
Complex onset
/pr/	0.92	≤0.001
/pl/	0.95	≤0.001
/br/	0.91	≤0.001
/bl/	1.00	0.001
/tr/	0.86	≤0.001
/dr/	0.88	≤0.001
/kr/	0.91	≤0.001
/kl/	0.82	≤0.001
/gr/	0.87	≤0.001
/fr/	0.94	≤0.001
/fl/	0.90	≤0.001
/vr/	0.89	≤0.001

[TFN1] ^**
≤ 0.01;

[2] . no variability

[3] Caption: N = Total frequency of the phoneme in the INFONO and the Digital Speech Assessment Instrument (DSAI)