Table 1
Orofacial myofunctional evaluation with scores for elders protocol (OMES-Elders), according to the oral healthy Index (OHX). Mean and standard error (SE) of scores of orofacial items and categories
Table 2
Effects of the oral health index (OHX) and age on the categories and OMES-Elders scores
FACE
Scores
Symmetry between sides
Normal
(4)
Dysfunction: Asymmetry
Light
(3)
Moderate
(2)
Severe
(1)
Greater side
Right | Left
Nasolabial sulcus
Normal
(4)
Dysfunction: Marked nasolabial sulcus
Light
(3)
Moderate
(2)
Severe
(1)
SUM [Maximum Score (MS) = 08]
CHEEK
Scores
Volume
Normal
(4)
Dysfunction: Asymmetry between right and left sides
Light
(3)
Moderate
(2)
Severe
(1)
Tension
Normal
(4)
Dysfunction: Flaccid / Drooping
Light
(3)
Moderate
(2)
Severe
(1)
SUM (MS = 08)
MAXILLO-MANDIBULAR RELATIONSHIPS
Scores
Vertical: Mandibular posture with freeway space
Normal
(4)
Dysfunction: Teeth in occlusion or contact edges
Clenching
(3)
Dysfunction: Open mouth
Light
(3)
Moderate
(2)
Severe
(1)
Anteroposterior
Maxilla
Normal
(4)
Dysfunction: Maxilla Protrusion
Light
(3)
Moderate
(2)
Severe
(1)
Mandible
Normal
(4)
Dysfunction: Mandible Protrusion
Light
(3)
Moderate
(2)
Severe
(1)
SUM (MS = 12)
MENTALIS MUSCLE
Scores
Contraction not apparent (with lips closure)
Normal
(4)
Dysfunction: contraction apparent
Light
(3)
Moderate
(2)
Severe
(1)
Volume: Adequate
Normal
(4)
Dysfunction: Increased
Light
(3)
Moderate
(2)
Severe
(1)
SUM (MS = 08)
LIPS
Scores
Sealing with no apparent muscles contraction
Normal
(4)
Dysfunction: Sealing With effort or no labial closure
Light
(3)
Moderate
(2)
Severe
(1)
Volume Harmonious
Normal
(4)
Dysfunction: Reduced volume and stretched
Light
(3)
Moderate
(2)
Severe
(1)
Labial commissures
At the level of the rima of the mouth and symmetric
Normal
(4)
Dysfunction: Below of the rima of the mouth and/or asymmetrics
Light
(3)
Moderate
(2)
Severe
(1)
SUM (MS = 12)
TONGUE
Scores
Position
Contained in the oral cavity
Normal
(4)
Dysfunction: (a or b)
(a) Compressed by tense dental occlusion/ clenching
Light
(3)
Compressed by tense dental occlusion/ clenching plus marks
Moderate
(2)
Compressed by tense dental occlusion/ clenching with marks and pain
Severe
(1)
(b) Between teethAt limit of the incisal surfaces, with reduced occlusion vertical dimension (OVD)
Light
(3)
At limit of the incisal surfaces or on the floor of mouth, with normal freeway space
Moderate
(2)
Exceeds the incisal surfaces, vestibular cusps or edges
Severe
(1)
Volume/Size
Compatible with the oral cavity
Normal
(4)
Dysfunction: Increased
Light
(3)
Moderate
(2)
Severe
(1)
SUM (MS = 08)
PALATE
Scores
Width
Normal
(4)
Dysfunction: Decreased width
Light
(3)
Moderate
(2)
Severe
(1)
SUM (MS = 04)
TONGUE
Horizontal
Lateral
Vertical
Protrusion
Retrusion
To right
To left
Raising
Lowering
Normal (precise)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
Insufficient ability (IA)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
IA plus associated movements
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
IA with tremors
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
IA, associated movement and tremor
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
Task no performed
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
SUM (MS = 36)
LIPS
Horizontal
Lateral
Protrusion
Retrusion
To right
To left
Normal
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
Insufficient ability (IA)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
IA and associated movements
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
IA with tremor
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
IA, associated movement and tremor
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
Task no performed
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
SUM (MS = 36)
JAW
Vertical
Lateral
Horizontal
Opening
Closing
Right
Left
Protrusion
Normal
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
Insufficient ability (IA)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
IA and associated movements
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
IA with tremor
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
IA, associated movement and tremor
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
Task no performed
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
SUM (MS = 30)
CHEEKS
To Inflate
To Suck
To Retract
To transfer the air from right to left
Normal
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
Insufficient ability (IA)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
IA and associated movements
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
IA with tremor
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
IA, associated movement and tremor
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
Task no performed
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
SUM (MS = 24)
BREATHING (mode)
Scores
Nasal breathing
Normal
(4)
Dysfunction: Mouth breathing
Light
(3)
Moderate
(2)
Severe
(1)
Result (MS = 04)
SWALLOW: Lips behavior
Scores
Consistence
Liquid
Solid
Lips closure
Without effort
(6)
(6)
Dysfunction: Lips closure with effort
Light
(4)
(4)
Moderate
(3)
(3)
Severe
(2)
(2)
Dysfunction: Absence of lips closure
Does not perform the function
(1)
(1)
Result (MS = 12)
SWALLOW: Tongue behavior
Scores
Contained in the oral cavity
Normal
(4)
Between alveolar margins (without prosthesis) and/or follow jaw position
To compensate reduced occlusion vertical dimension (OVD)
(3)
Between dental arches (with prosthesis) and/or follow jaw position
To compensate reduced OVD
(3)
No OVD reduction
(2)
Exceeds the incisal surfaces and/or vestibular cusps
(1)
Interposition place
Right
Left
both
Anterior
Posterior
Total
Result (MS = 04)
SWALLOW: Other behaviors and signs of alteration
Scores
Present (1)
Absent (2)
Movement of the head and other parts of the body
Sliding jaw
Tension of facial muscles
Food escape
Gagging
Noise
SUM (MS = 12)
SWALLOW: Efficiency
Scores
Consistency
Liquid
Solid
Does not repeat swallowing the same food
(3)
(3)
One repetition
(2)
(2)
Multiple swallows
(1)
(1)
SUM (MS = 06)
Result Deglutition (scores sum) (MS = 34)
Masticatory Type (according to distribution of chew strokes)
Scores
Bilateral
Alternate (Chew strokes occurring 50% of the times on each side of the oral cavity, or 40% on one side and 60% on the other)
(10)
Simultaneous chews on both sides (only for user of stable removable denture)
(10)
Unilateral
Preference-grade 1 – (61% to 77% of the times on the same side)
(7)
Preference-grade 2 – (78% to 94% the times on the same side)
(5)
Chronic (95% or more of the time on the same side)
(3)
Anterior
Masticatory strokes occurring in the region of the incisors and canines
(2)
Function not performed
Individual did not chew
(1)
Result (MS = 10)
Masticatory Type: with prosthesis displacement
Scores
Bilateral
Simultaneous
(8)
Alternate (50%/50% or 40%/60%)
(7)
Unilateral
Preference-grade 1 – (61% to 77%)
(5)
Preference-grade 2 – (78% to 94%)
(3)
Chronic (95% to 100%)
(2)
Anterior
(1)
Function not performed
Individual did not chew
(1)
Result (MS = 08)
Mastication: other behaviors and signs of alteration
Scores
Present (1)
Absent (2)
Movement of the head and of other parts of the body
Altered posture
Contraction of facial muscles that do not contribute to chew
Food escape
SUM (MS = 08)
Mastication Result (scores sum) (MS = 18)
Time spent to ingest the food =
Speech
Phonetic inventory
Place of articulation
Sound
Jaw opening-closing movement
Intelligibility
Normal
Adequade (4)
Precise (4)
Precise (4)
Normal range (4)
Clarity (4)
Alterations
Changed
Changed (frequency)
Distortion(frequency)
Reduced displacement
Reduced
Light
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
Moderate
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
Severe
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
SUM (MS = 20)
OMES-Elders total score - SUM (MS = 246):