Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract In the present study, a novel CYP86A22-like (CYP86A22L) was identified from Citrus maxima fruits. CmCYP86a22L contained most conserved motifs of plant CYP450 family, and its transcript levels was high in different fruit tissues but dramatically decreased during fruit development. To elucidate the specific role of the variable substrate recognition site (SRS) SRS6 region in CmCYP86A22L, C-terminal fragment containing SRS6 region was transiently expressed in tobacco leaves, and exogenous CmCYP86A22L mRNAs were significantly upregulated as expected. Furthermore, the stem diameters of CmCYP86A22L transient expression lines were wider than mock in 3~12 days after infiltration, accompanied by increases cell layers of xylem, phloem and cortex, and cortex cell volume. Additionally, the CmCYP86A22L transient expression stems lacked visible cuticle on epidermal cells. These results collectively suggested that CmCYP86A22L was involved in fruit development, and the SRS6 region of CmCYP86a22L could regulate stem growth.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Teak (Tectona grandis L.f), a valuable hardwood species, is widely cultivated for its superior wood properties. Effective breeding and clonal propagation programs require robust genetic verification methods such as clonal fidelity and parentage verification when these programs include controlled cross-pollination and propagation of elite clones. This study validates the use of ten optimized microsatellite markers in a multiplex PCR system for clonal identification and parentage testing. The system showed high discrimination power, with probabilities of identity (PI) and exclusion (PE), confirming its efficacy. The ten markers accurately identified clonal fidelity and ensured genetic fidelity of progenies. Overall, the study confirms effectiveness of microsatellites for genetic analysis and highlights a cost effective and precise approach for breeding and clonal propagation of teak.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) is an important source of bioactive compounds, including triterpene saponins. This study aimed to analyze the effects of genotypes, cultivation sites, and harvest seasons on the total saponin content in yerba mate leaves, as well as estimate the genetic parameters and predict the genotypic values. We harvested mature leaves from nine clones, cultivated in two clonal tests, and harvested in two seasons (winter and summer), and analyzed them using the vanillin-sulfuric acid spectrophotometric method. The total saponin content trait showed high selection accuracy and significant effects of clones, without interactions. High genetic control was observed, with clone mean broad-sense heritability of 0.93. The genotypic value for total saponin content ranged from 28.13 to 51.54 mg g-1 on a dry weight basis. Selecting yerba mate clones with low or high leaf saponin levels may be useful for specific industries, such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, or beverages.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract This study provided a comprehensive overview of the behavior of alfalfa genotypes in response to environmental variations. We utilized established methods from literature and examined the unique aspects of each approach to collectively create a criterion for recommending cultivars. To this end, seventy-seven genotypes were cultivated with 24 consecutive cuts (months), during two years. Adaptability and stability analyses were conducted using multiple information estimates. The results indicated no significant effect of the genotypes, but there were significant effects from the environment and the genotype-by-environment (GxE) interaction. Through multi-information analysis, genotype 21 was identified as the most promising due to its superior dry matter yield, predictable performance, and responsiveness to environmental changes across various cuts. Combining data and thoroughly describing the behavior of alfalfa genotypes has proven to be an effective method for studying their adaptability and stability.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Syagrus coronata is an endemic palm of Brazil, widely distributed in the “Caatinga” and Atlantic Forest domains, with significant socioeconomic and ecological importance. The objective was to estimate the polymorphism in individuals from six locations across “Caatinga” and Atlantic Forest domains, using microsatellite markers and variant detection through sanger sequencing of chloroplast sequences. A diversity panel of 107 accessions revealed the formation of two population groups, suggesting low genetic differentiation between the locations. Most of the genetic variation is found within the samples (89.47% for SSR data and 70.82% for chloroplast data). However, private alleles were found in some populations, suggesting that germplasm bank may include all the populations. We conclude that the genetic diversity of S. coronata is distributed across the two biomes, suggesting that the species has high gene flow, which contributes to conservation strategies.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Amaranth is a promising agricultural crop with a huge potential for growth intensity, yield, and high content of complete protein in grain and leaf biomass. This potential is based on this plant's nutritional and biochemical properties, primarily the high quality of the protein and its balanced amino acid composition, as well as the content of squalene. The collection of amaranth germplasm maintained at VIR is unique in its origin and diversity. The paper presents the morphological characteristics of early-ripening genotypes of grain amaranth forms and notes the key phases of ontogenesis and features of growth and development under the conditions of the North-Western region of Russia. This study demonstrates the good adaptability of the crop and the potential for expansion to more northern areas. The identified features and noted genotypes of the collection are essential for developing breeding programs to create early-ripening varieties.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract To assess the impact of different phenotyping methods and crop phenological stages on the differentiation of parent versus progeny performance for root traits in common bean breeding programs, a field experiment was carried out in the 2021/22 growing season. In a lattice design, 36 field treatments were tested, based on three genotypes and two root phenotyping methods (Shovelomics and WinRHIZO) applied at six phenological stages (V4-4; V4-8; R5; R6; R7 and R8). Eight response variables of the root system were evaluated. The Shovelomics method significantly influenced parent-progeny distinction at the V4-4 (vegetative) and the WinRHIZO method at the R8 (reproductive) stage. Mean heritability estimates of 0.35 and 0.30 were calculated. As the heritability values were moderate to low, it is worth emphasizing that root phenotyping can be performed in more advanced inbreeding generations, due to the strong environmental influence on root trait expression.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Passiflora 'Lamepiana' is the F1 hybrid from the cross between P. vitifolia and P. hatschbachii with ornamental characteristics. Based on cytogenetics techniques, this study aimed to confirm interspecific hybridization and characterize the karyotype of the hybrids and their parents using cytogenetic techniques. For all genotypes the predominance of metacentric chromosomes with two satellite pairs and a diploids karyotypes (2n = 18) were observed. It was possible to determine the occurrence of two satellite pairs in both the parents of the hybrids. The use of simultaneous probes of the F1 parents prepared according to GISH technique allowed to identify two chromosome lots each one inherited from both parents, confirming the hybrid character of the plants. Besides confirming hybridization, GISH did not demonstrate the existence of visible chromosomal alterations but rather cytogenetic stability in the hybrids.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Mendel's research marked the start of a young science: Genetics. Among its various branches, genetic plant breeding merges ancestral domestication practices with scientific advances. This article briefly reports the main contributions of scientists who have marked history with countless contributions over the last 160 years, shedding light on what a gene is and how it works. Thus, it is possible to understand how information is passed between cells of the same individual and from parents to their offspring, as well as how the variability of different traits of individuals occurs. The advances were unimaginable, but it was also found that the production of the phenotype is much more complex than one could imagine at first. As in the past, improving the plant selection process remains the main strategy to continue producing new cultivars to meet humanity's needs regarding grains, fruits, fibers, and renewable energy.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Fuzzy logic enables automated decision-making and classifies genotype suitability across environments. This study assessed the adaptability and stability of upland rice genotypes using fuzzy logic. To do so, eight lines from the Federal University of Goiás, 10 from the Federal University of Lavras, and two commercial cultivars were evaluated for grain yield, plant height, and flowering days in 13 environments in Goiás. The trials used a randomized complete block design with three replications. Adaptability and stability were analyzed using fuzzy controllers, which classified genotypes into four groups: general adaptability, poorly adapted, favorable, and unfavorable environments. The CSD 08004 line exhibited broad adaptability and stability for yield and plant height and was close to general adaptability for flowering days, making it suitable for cultivation in Goiás.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Hehongzhan 2 is a new thermosensitive indica red rice variety with high yielding potential. It exhibits a moderately compact plant-type, moderate tillering capacity, and notable traits such as high blast resistance and moderate resistance to brown planthopper. This variety was developed in Guangdong, China.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The cultivars ‘UNEMAT Implacável’ and ‘UNEMAT Pavoro’ exhibit high yield (7,610.30 kg ha⁻¹ and 5,435.74 kg ha⁻¹, respectively) and elevated polyphenol content (307.92 mg 100g⁻¹ and 310.87 mg 100g⁻¹, respectively). These traits support the sustainable production of functional foods, meeting the demands of competitive and high-value tropical markets.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract UENF EXPLOSÃO single-cross hybrid is a popcorn cultivar (Zea mays var. everta) developed by the Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro. It was released in 2019 for cultivation in Rio de Janeiro. This cultivar stands out for its superior productivity, offering a promising alternative for the agricultural sector.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract BRS Boa Renda and BRS Novo Rumo are new cassava cultivars with high starch yields, moderate resistance to leaf diseases, and erect plant. BRS Boa Renda yields 25.7 t ha-1 of fresh and 9.5 t ha-1 dry roots, while BRS Novo Rumo yields 22.6 and 8.9 t ha-1, respectively.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The objective of this study was to assess the genetic diversity of Ricinus communis L., a species with a mixed mating system that requires optimized molecular markers for accurate characterization, within the set of 108 castor genotypes using 20 SSR primers. A total of 59 alleles were identified, averaging 3.7 per locus. Observed heterozygosity (0.169) was lower than expected (0.400), suggesting an excess of homozygotes due to selection or inbreeding. Shannon’s diversity index ranged from 0.397 to 1.176, averaging 0.674. The polymorphism information content values varied from 0.045 to 0.628, indicating moderate to high marker informativeness. Markers Rc05, Rc85A, Rc85B, and Rc251 were the most informative, allowing genotype discrimination and paternity testing (> 90%). These SSR markers proved efficient for the genetic characterization of R. communis and can support breeding programs. Future studies should focus on refining marker selection for better discrimination and genetic diversity conservation.