Evaluating common bean dual resistance to root-knot nematode and <i>Fusarium</i> wilt in recombinant inbred lines

Freitas, Alyx Renato Santos de; Biolcati, Beatriz Fugolin; Bueno, César Junior; Costa, Guilherme Alexandre Luz da; Vieira, Maria Lucia Carneiro; Chiorato, Alisson Fernando; Carbonell, Sérgio Augusto Morais; Benchimol-Reis, Luciana Lasry

doi:10.1590/1984-70332025v25n4a59

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ARTICLE • Crop Breed. Appl. Biotechnol. 25 (4) • 2025 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-70332025v25n4a59 linkcopy

Evaluating common bean dual resistance to root-knot nematode and Fusarium wilt in recombinant inbred lines

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Common bean yield (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is severely limited by diseases caused by root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli (Fop). This study assessed co-infection effects by these phytopathogens in 73 F₈ recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the ‘IAC-Tybatã’ × ‘Branquinho’ cross to identify genotypes with dual resistance. Plants received three treatments: control (water), Fop (root immersion in 1.0 × 10⁶ conidia mL⁻¹ suspension), and M. incognita (5,000 eggs/plant) + Fop. Co-infected plants developed significantly more pronounced vascular discoloration compared to plants inoculated with Fop alone. While 76.8% of Fop-inoculated RILs showed mild-to-moderate symptoms, 86.3% of co-infected RILs exhibited moderate-to-severe discoloration. Six RILs (1, 5, 8, 25, 31 and 47) showed dual resistance, displaying mild Fop symptoms and minimal nematode gall formation. The identification of these resistant genotypes is a critical breeding objective for developing common bean cultivars with enhanced protection against these damaging co-occurring pathogens.

Keywords:
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli; Meloidogyne incognita; nematode-fungus synergism; genetic resistance; coinfection

Treatments	Vascular discoloration (scores)
Treatments	14^th day	21^st day	28^th day
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli (Fop)¹	1.6 a³ A⁴	2.7 a B	4.4 a C
Meloidogyne incognita + Fop²	2.4 b A	3.7 b B	5.5 b C

Vascular discoloration level²	*Days evaluated and percentage of plants with vascular discoloration caused by Fusarium oxysporum* for each score**
	14^th day				21^st day				28^th day
	Fop		Mi + Fop		Fop		Mi + Fop		Fop		Mi + Fop
	Absolute frequency and relative frequency (%)
Score 1	177¹	80.8	99	45.2	87	80.8	24	11.0	18	8.2	0	0.0
Score 3	33	15.1	90	41.1	99	15.1	102	46.6	84	38.4	30	13.7
Score 5	3	1.4	30	13.7	18	1.4	81	37.0	84	38.4	108	49.3
Score 7	0	0.0	0	0.0	9	0.0	12	5.5	12	5.5	81	37.0
Score 9	6	2.7	0	0.0	6	2.7	0	0.0	21	9.6	0	0.0
Total	219	100	219	100	219	100	219	100	219	100	219	100

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Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Fitotecnia, 36570-000 Viçosa - Minas Gerais/Brasil, Tel.: (55 31)3899-2611, Fax: (55 31)3899-2611 - Viçosa - MG - Brazil
E-mail: cbab@ufv.br

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[TFN1] ¹
^,2 Average of 73 RILs with three replications. ^3,4 Lowercase letters compare treatments within the same evaluation day (column), while uppercase letters compare evaluation days within the same treatment (row), according to the Scott-Knott test at a 5% significance level. CV = 21.5%. The scores indicate the degree of vascular discoloration in the xylem caused by Fusarium oxysporum (Pastor-Corrales and Abawi 1987), where 1 = healthy tissue, 3 = mild discoloration, 5 = moderate discoloration, 7 = severe discoloration, and 9 = dead plant.