Genetic diversity assessment of walnt (<i>Juglans regia</i> L.) varieties from Argentina using SSR markers

Ulrich, Maria Noelia; Toro, Alejandro; Rivas, Juan Gabriel; Delgado, Ivan Dario; Prataviera, Antonio; Tosto, Daniela

doi:10.1590/1984-70332026v26n2a27

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ARTICLE • Crop Breed. Appl. Biotechnol. 26 (2) • 2026 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-70332026v26n2a27 linkcopy

Genetic diversity assessment of walnt (Juglans regia L.) varieties from Argentina using SSR markers

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Walnut is a globally important nut crop in terms of production and consumption. This study assesses the genetic diversity of the walnut germplasm collection from Catamarca, Argentina (including 13 registered cultivars), using Simple Sequence Repeat markers. Results revealed high genetic diversity, with alleles per locus ranging from 2 to 9 (average 4.67), expected heterozygosity between 0.47 and 0.72 (average 0.64), and 100% polymorphic loci. The average polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.580, and the mean Shannon’s index (I) value was 1.19. Cluster analysis using Nei´s distances and Bayesian STRUCTURE approximation were consistent with the walnut varietal pedigree. This pioneering study in Argentina offers valuable insights for walnut conservation and breeding programs. It underscores the genetic richness of local walnut germplasm in Catamarca, highlighting its potential to enhance diversification and improvement of walnut production in Argentina.

Keywords:
Microsatellite; molecular marker; germplasm characterization; Catamarca-Argentina

	N	Na	Ne	I	Ho	He	F	PIC	HW
WGA1^&	70	9.00	3.68	1.57	0.61	0.72	0.15	0.69	***
WGA69^&	68	5.00	3.07	1.34	0.41	0.67	0.39	0.64	***
WGA71^&	62	3.00	2.14	0.91	0.32	0.53	0.39	0.48	***
WGA331	67	5.00	3.15	1.26	0.70	0.68	-0.02	0.62	***
WGA376	68	2.00	1.91	0.67	0.55	0.47	-0.16	0.36	ns
WGA276	66	5.00	3.15	1.33	0.75	0.68	-0.10	0.64	***
WGA225	67	5.00	2.68	1.10	0.77	0.62	-0.23	0.56	***
WGA332	67	4.00	3.23	1.26	0.68	0.69	0.00	0.64	***
WGA32	70	4.00	3.08	1.23	0.74	0.67	-0.09	0.62	***

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Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Fitotecnia, 36570-000 Viçosa - Minas Gerais/Brasil, Tel.: (55 31)3899-2611, Fax: (55 31)3899-2611 - Viçosa - MG - Brazil
E-mail: cbab@ufv.br

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[TFN1] Notes: N (Sample Size), Na (number of different alleles), Ne (number of effective alleles), I (Shannon's information index), Ho (observed heterozygosity), He (expected heterozygosity), F (Fixation Index), PIC (polymorphic information content), *** indicates significant departure from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE), ^& indicates the loci with significant frequencies of null alleles.