Genotypic performance of intervarietal hybrids of Conilon and Robusta in Amazonian environments

Amazonas, Brazil, has only one released Coffea canephora cultivar, the multiclonal BRS Ouro Preto, which limits cultivar recommendation for an expanding region. We assessed genotype-by-environment interaction (GEI) for 15 C. canephora genotypes using processed coffee yield in three Amazonas municipalities over three harvests. Mean yields ranged from 37.9 to 111.5 bags ha⁻¹ among genotype × environment combinations and from 54.8 to 77.8 bags ha⁻¹ among environments. GEI was significant (P < 0.01) and predominantly complex, forming two to three performance groups per environment. The modified Lin and Binns method and centroid-based PCA confirmed the superior performance of BRS 1216 (86.3 bags ha⁻¹) and Clone 15 (83.4 bags ha⁻¹) under favorable edaphoclimatic or technological conditions. BRS 2299, BRS 2357, and Clone 09 (68.2-72.5 bags ha⁻¹) showed broad adaptation, whereas BRS 3213 and BRS 2336 performed best in unfavorable environments. These results provide the first multi-environment validation of intervarietal hybrids for Amazonas.

Keywords:
Coffea canephora; 'Amazonian Robusta'; adaptability and stability; yield; Amazonas