Performance and body composition of Nile tilapia fed diets containing <i>ora-pro-nóbis</i> leaf meal

Matos, Émerson José Alves; Novodworski, Jailson; Gonçalves, Rafaela Mocochinski; Urbinati, Elisabeth C.; Meurer, Fábio

doi:10.1590/1809-6891v27e-83999E

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Animal science | Research article • Ciênc. anim. bras. 27 • 2026 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-6891v27e-83999E linkcopy

Performance and body composition of Nile tilapia fed diets containing ora-pro-nóbis leaf meal

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Recent studies have indicated that ora-pro-nóbis leaf meal (OLM) contains high levels of digestible amino acids compared with conventional ingredients such as corn and wheat bran. This study evaluated effects of OLM on productive performance and body chemical composition of juvenile Nile tilapia. Four hundred fish (14.16 ± 0.43 g) were distributed into 20 tanks (1 m³) in a completely randomized design with five treatments (0, 3.5, 7, 10.5, and 14 % inclusion) and four replicates over 58 days. Inclusion of OLM did not affect fish survival and improved productive performance, with higher final weight (86.18 g), weight gain (72.35 g), daily weight gain (1.24 g), and fillet weight (27.97 g) observed at the 14 % inclusion level, with no statistical differences compared with levels from 7 % onward. Feed intake averaged 1.83 g and did not differ among diets containing OLM, although values were higher than control treatment. In carcass composition, ether extract decreased at inclusion levels of 10.5 % and 14 %, with values of 7.08 % and 7.04 %, respectively, whereas crude protein increased from the 7 % inclusion level onward, reaching values of 16.76 %, 16.91 %, and 17.24 % at inclusion levels of 7 %, 10.5 %, and 14 %, respectively. Therefore, OLM demonstrates potential as an alternative ingredient for tilapia diets, contributing to economic sustainability and competitiveness of aquaculture, especially for small-scale producers, while also supporting regional circular economy systems.

Keywords:
alternative feedstuff; weight gain; tilapia farming; visceral fat index.

		Bromatological Chemical Composition
	DM%	CP% EE% MM% FB% NDF% ADF%	GE (Mj/kg)
OLM	95.56	24.36 4.54 20.60 18.96 42.28 8.91	15.54

		Inclusion levels (%)
Ingredients	0	3.5	7	10.5	14
Soybean meal	61.67	61.90	61.90	62.01	62.13
Ora-pro-nóbis leaf meal	0.00	3.50	7.00	10.50	14.00
Corn	32.51	27.38	23.08	18.65	13.4
CaHPO₄	2.50	2.90	2.90	2.80	3.00
Soy oil	2.50	3.70	4.50	5.42	6.75
Vitamin-mineral mixture 1	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50
Salt	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10
BHT2	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
CaCO₃	0.20	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.10
Adsorbent	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
Composition analyzed (Nutrient) Moisture	3.11	4.26	4.24	4.98	4.88
Crude protein	31.23	31.62	31.99	32.40	32.73
Digestible protein 3	28.00	28.01	28.00	28.02	27.97
Gross energy (MJ/kg)	4047.83	4100.45	4138.19	4186.73	4242.41
Digestible energy (MJ/kg) 3	3002.00	3009.00	3001.00	3002.00	3014.00
Ether extract	4.07	4.81	5.41	7.06	7.94
Mineral matter	9.09	7.77	8.38	8.66	9.37
Starch 4	28.01	24.81	22.13	19.36	16.09
Crude fiber	5.99	5.98	5.34	5.97	6.63

Time	Variable	Inclusion levels (%)					cv%	p-value
Time	Variable	0	3.5	7	10.5	14	cv%	p-value
Morning	Temperature	25.65	26.45	24.20	24.86	26.25	7.15	0.40
	Oxygen (mg/L)	7.12	7.45	6.86	7.39	6.90	12.93	0.84
	pH	7.34	7.81	7.25	8.00	7.75	6.81	0.25
Afternoon	Temperature	28.47	26.14	27.06	27.60	26.90	5.16	0.24
	Oxygen (mg/L)	6.64	6.87	7.05	7.10	7.26	6.05	0.33
	pH	7.76	8.87	8.13	7.78	7.09	10.67	0.10

Variable	Inclusion levels (%)					CV%	p-value
Variable	0	3.5	7	10.5	14	CV%	p-value
AIW	14.06	14.23	14.07	14.25	13.83	3.34	0.73
AFW	77.88^b	78.78^b	84.39^a	85.61^a	86.18^a	3.27	0.00
AFLW	23.68^b	24.11^b	25.84^ab	25.97^ab	27.97^a	6.35	0.01
AWG	63.83^b	64.54^b	70.32^a	71.37^a	72.35^a	4.02	0.00
DWG	1.10^b	1.11^b	1.21^a	1.23^a	1.24^a	4.02	0.00
DFI	1.47^b	1.76^a	1.79^a	1.82^a	1.83^a	2.99	0.00
FC	1.40^b	1.69^a	1.55^a	1.58^a	1.60^a	5.37	0.00
PER	2.40^b	1.97^a	2.12^a	2.07^a	2.08^a	5.28	0.00
SURV (%)	100.00	96.25	98.75	98.75	100.00	1.96	0.09

Variable	Inclusion levels (%)					CV%	p-value
Variable	0	3.5	7	10.5	14	CV%	p-value
CYH	84.90	87.23	86.41	86.53	85.04	2.12	0.34
FY	31.46	30.85	30.62	31.65	32.51	4.39	0.37
HSI	2.16	1.54	1.76	1.52	1.64	21.33	0.15
VSI	15.10	12.77	13.59	13.47	15.22	12.77	0.27
VFI	2.65^a	1.98^a	1.19^b	1.18^b	0.97^b	30.26	0.00

	Nutrients1	Inclusion levels (%)					CV%	p-value
	Nutrients1	0	3.5	7	10.5	14	CV%	p-value
Fillet	MO	75.45	75.58	75.40	75.56	76.36	1.27	0.62
	CP	20.30	20.22	20.35	20.15	19.54	3.89	0.60
	EE	2.20	1.99	2.30	1.99	1.96	19.36	0.69
	MM	5.16	5.04	5.00	5.17	5.20	3.66	0.49
Carcass	MO	71.00	71.10	70.89	71.67	71.43	0.75	0.27
	CP	29.00	28.90	29.11	28.33	28.57	1.87	0.27
	EE	7.74^a	7.61^ab	7.61^ab	7.08^c	7.04^c	4.68	0.03
	MM	11.78	11.89	11.81	12.45	12.27	4.42	0.32
Fish	MO	69.18	69.43	69.08	70.23	70.71	1.52	0.18
	CP	16.48^b	15.94^b	16.76^a	16.91^a	17.24^a	2.90	0.02
	EE	9.28	9.16	8.61	8.54	8.16	9.48	0.34
	MM	11.13	11.22	10.92	10.67	10.66	6.61	0.72

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Universidade Federal de Goiás Universidade Federal de Goiás, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Campus II, Caixa Postal 131, CEP: 74001-970, Tel.: (55 62) 3521-1568, Fax: (55 62) 3521-1566 - Goiânia - GO - Brazil
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[TFN1] ¹
The guaranteed levels of vitamin and mineral supplements per kilogram of product were as follows: vit. A = 1,200,000 IU; vit. D3 = 200,000 IU; vit. E = 12,000 mg; vit. K3 = 2400 mg; vit. B1 = 4800 mg; vit. B2 = 4800 mg; vit. B6 = 4000 mg; vit. B12 = 4800 mg; folic acid = 1200 mg; calcium pantothenate = 12,000 mg; vit. C = 48,000 mg; biotin = 48 mg; choline = 65,000 mg; niacin = 24,000 mg; Fe = 10,000 mg; Cu = 6000 mg; Mn = 4000 mg; Zn = 6000 mg; I = 20 mg; Co = 2 mg; and Se = 20 mg.

[TFN2] ²
BHT- butylated hydroxytoluene, NDF- neutral detergent fiber, ADF - acid detergent fiber.

[TFN3] ³
Values were calculated using digestibility coefficients determined by (¹¹,¹⁶);

[TFN5] ⁴
Values were c alculated using tabulated data (¹⁷).