Galhas de insetos do Cerrado Brasileiro: fauna associada

Maia, Valéria Cid; Silva, Bruno Gomes da

doi:10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2021-1202

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Thematic Review • Biota Neotrop. 21 (3) • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2021-1202 linkcopiar

Galhas de insetos do Cerrado Brasileiro: fauna associada

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

As galhas de insetos abrigam uma fauna rica e diversificada de habitantes secundários que compõem a fauna associada. No Brasil, muitos inventários de galhas de insetos em áreas de Cerrado registram habitantes secundários. Estes registros, dispersos em vários artigos, foram reunidos para fornecer uma visão ampla da fauna de artrópodes associados às galhas de insetos no Cerrado brasileiro. Buscamos publicações científicas nas bases de dados acadêmicas virtuais e encontramos 16 artigos com informações de habitantes secundários. Limitamos nossa busca ao período de 1988 a 2020. Atualizamos o nome das espécies botânicas e verificamos sua distribuição geográfica e endemismos no site Flora do Brasil 2020. Fornecemos os usos das espécies vegetais com base no site Tropical Useful Plants 2014. Encontramos 163 morfotipos de galhas com habitantes secundários (16,8% do total de morfotipos de galhas do Cerrado brasileiro) em 94 espécies de plantas de 37 famílias. Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Myrtaceae e Malpighiaceae exibiram o maior número de registros. Estas são as famílias mais ricas em galhas de insetos no Cerrado brasileiro. A maioria da fauna de artrópodes foi assinalada em galhas de Cecidomyiidae (Diptera). A maioria dos registros foi em galhas foliares, órgão vegetal com maior riqueza de galhas. Os parasitoides foram mais frequentes que os sucessores, inquilinos e predadores. Eulophidae e Eurytomidae foram as famílias de parasitoides mais frequentes. Os inquilinos foram representados por Coleoptera, Diplopoda, Diptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Psocoptera, e Thysanoptera; os sucessores por Acari, Araneae, Cecidomyiidae (Diptera), Coleoptera, Collembola e Formicidae (Hymenoptera); enquanto os predadores por Pseudoscorpiones e Diptera. A maioria dos registros foi apresentada em categorias supragenéricas, mostrando que o conhecimento taxonômico é muito deficiente. Vinte e nove plantas são endêmicas do Brasil e totalizam 45 morfotipos de galhas com habitantes secundários; 46 espécies vegetais são úteis e hospedam habitantes secundários em 62 morfotipos de galhas. Estas informações acrescentam importância ecológica e econômica a estes artrópodes.

Palavras-chave:
Parasitoides; inquilinos; predadores; sucessores; insetos galhadores

Host plant	Gall-inducer	Host organ	Secondary dweller	Locality	Reference
ANNONACEAE
Annona coriacea Mart. (1)	Cecidomyiidae (Diptera)	Leaf	Eulophidae (Par)	Serra dos Pireneus (GO)	Araújo et al. 2011
Annona crassiflora Mart. (1)	Sternorrhyncha (Hemiptera)	Leaf	Braconidae (Par) Eurytomidae (Par)	Tiradentes (MG)	Maia & Fernandes 2004
Duguetia furfuracea (A. St-Hil.) Saff. (1)	Undetermined	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par)	Caetité (BA)	Nogueira et al. 2016
APOCYNACEAE
Aspidosperma australe Müll-Arg. (1)	Cecidomyiidae	Flower bud	Eurytomidae (Par)	Belo Horizonte (MG)	Fernandes et al. 1988
	Hemiptera	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par)	Belo Horizonte (MG)	Fernandes et al. 1988
ARALIACEAE

Didymopanax morototoni (Aubl.) Decne. & Planch. (1)	Undetermined	Leaf	Eulophidae (Par)	Goiânia (GO)	Santos et al. 2010 (as Schefflera morototoni Aubl)
ASTERACEAE
Baccharis microcephala (Less.) DC (1)	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Eulophidae 1 (Par) Eulophidae 2 (Par)	Tiradentes (MG)	Maia & Fernandes 2004
	Cecidomyiidae	Bud	Eulophidae (Par) Galeopsomyia sp. (Eulophidae) (Par) Eurytoma sp. (Eurytomidae) (Par)	Tiradentes (MG)	Maia & Fernandes 2004
Baccharis reticularia DC. (2)	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Platygastridae (Par)	Tiradentes (MG)	Maia & Fernandes 2004
	Lasiopteridi (Cecidomyidae)	Leaf	Heteroptera (Hemiptera) (Und)	Tiradentes (MG)	Maia & Fernandes 2004
Baccharis serrulata (Lam.) (2)	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par)	Tiradentes (MG)	Maia & Fernandes 2004
Eremanthus capitatus (Spreng.) MacLeish (2)	Coleoptera	Stem	Formicidae (Suc)	Caetité (BA)	Nogueira et al. 2016
Eremanthus erythropappus (DC.) MacLeish (2)	Asphondylia serrata Maia, 2004 (Cecidomyiidae)	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par)	Tiradentes (MG)	Maia 2004, Maia & Fernandes 2004 (as Vannilosmopsis erythropapa Schult)
Moquiniastrum barrosoae (Cabrera) G. Sancho (1)	Undetermined	Stem	Sciaridae (Diptera) (Inq)	Silvânia (GO)	Bergamini et al. 2017 (as Gochnatia barrosii Cabrera)
Mikania lindbergii Baker (2)	Neolasioptera sp. (Cecidomyiidae)	Stem	Hymenoptera (Par)	Tiradentes (MG)	Maia & Fernandes 2004
Moquiniastrum paniculatum (Less.) G. Sancho (2)	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Eulophidae (Par) Eurytomidae (Par)	Belo Horizonte (MG)	Fernandes et al. 1988 (as Moquinía panículata (Less) D.C.)
Moquiniastrum pulchrum (Cabrera) G. Sancho (1)	Cecidomyiidae	bud	Eulophidae (Par) Pteromalidae (Par) Torymidae (Par)	Altinópolis (SP)	Ribeiro et al. 2019
Porophyllum ruderale (Jacq.) Cass. (1)	Cecidomyiidae	Stem	Hymenoptera (Par)	Belo Horizonte (MG)	Fernandes et al. 1988
Verbesina macrophylla (Cass.) S.F.Blake (1)	Cecidomyiidae	Bud	Araneae (Suc) Lepidoptera (Inq)	Caetité (BA)	Silva et al. 2018a
Vernonanthura polyanthes (Spreng.) Vega & Dematteis (1)	Tomoplagia rudolphi (Lutz & Lima, 1918) (Diptera, Tephritidae)	Stem/Bud	Braconidae (Par) Eulophidae (Par) Hymenoptera (Par) Hymenoptera (Inq)	Belo Horizonte Tiradentes Delfinópolis	Fernandes et al. 1988 Maia & Fernandes Urso-Guimaraes et al. 2003 (as Vernonía polyanthes Less.)
	Asphondylia sp. (Cecidomyiidae)	Leaf/ Stem	Chalcididae (Par) Torymidae (Par)	Belo Horizonte (MG)	Fernandes et al. 1988
BIGNONIACEAE
Handroanthus ochraceus (Cham.) Mattos (1)	Lopesiini (Cecidomyiidae)	Leaf	Helconinae (Braconidae) (Par) Hemiptera (Inq)	Delfinópolis (MG)	Urso-Guimarães et al. 2003 (as Tabebuia ochracea (Cham.) Standl.)
BORAGINACEAE
Cordia sellowiana Cham. (2)	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Braconidae (Par) Eulophidae (Par)	Belo Horizonte (MG)	Fernandes et al. 1988
	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par)	Belo Horizonte (MG)	Fernandes et al. 1988
	Cecidomyiidae	Stem	Hymenoptera (Par)	Belo Horizonte (MG)	Fernandes et al. 1988
BURSERACEAE
Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) March. (1)	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf/ Stem	Torymidae (Par)	Silvânia (GO)	Bergamini et al. 2017
	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Eulophidae (Par)	Goiânia (GO)	Santos et al. 2010
CALOPHYLLACEAE
Calophyllum brasiliense (1)	Lopesia elliptica Maia, 2002 (Cecidomyiidae)	Leaf	Eulophidae (Par) Eurytomidae (Par) Pteromalidae (Par)	Tiradentes (MG)	Madeira et al. 2002, Maia & Fernandes 2004 (as Calophyllum sp.)
	Thysanoptera	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par)	Tiradentes (MG)	Maia & Fernandes 2004 (as Calophyllum sp.)
	Contarinia gemmae Maia, 2002 (Cecidomyiidae)	Bud	Hymenoptera (Par)	Tiradentes (MG)	Madeira et al. 2002, Maia & Fernandes 2004 (as Calophyllum sp.)
CANNABACEAE
Celtis iguanaea (Jacq.) Sarg. (1)	Undetermined	Leaf	Encyrtidae (Par)	Goiânia (GO)	Santos et al. 2010
CARYOCACEAE
Caryocar brasiliense Cambess. (1)	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Eulophidae (Par) Eurytomidae (Par) Torymidae (Par)	Hidrolândia (GO)	Silva et al. 2018b
	Diaspididae (Hemiptera)	Leaf	Encyrtidae (Par)	Altinópolis (SP)	Ribeiro et al. 2019
CELASTRACEAE
Plenckia populnea Reissek (1)	Cecidomyiidae	Stem	Braconidae (Par)	Hidrolândia (GO)	Silva et al. 2018b
COMBRETACEAE
Combretum leprosum Mart. (1)	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par) Hymenoptera (Par) Lepidoptera (Inq)	Caetité (BA)	Nogueira et al. 2016 Silva et al. 2018a Vieira et al. 2018
CONNARACEAE
Connarus suberosus Planch. (1)	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par)	Silvânia (GO)	Bergamini et al. 2017
DILLENIACEAE
Davilla brasiliana DC. (1)	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par)	Tiradentes (MG)	Maia & Fernandes 2004
	Asphondylia sp. (Cecidomyiidae)	bud	Clinodiplosis sp. (Cecidomyiidae) (Inq) Lepidoptera (Inq)	Tiradentes (MG)	Maia & Fernandes 2004
Davilla elliptica A. St-Hil. (1)	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Eulophidae (Par)	Serra dos Pireneus (GO)/ Silvânia (GO)	Araújo et al. 2011 Bergamini et al. 2017
EBENACEAE
Diospyros burchellii DC. (1)	Lepidoptera	Stem	Hymenoptera (Par)	Serra dos Pireneus (GO)	Araújo et al. 2011
ERYTHROXYLACEAE
Erythroxylum frangulifolium A. St-Hil. (2)	Eulophidae (Hymenoptera)	Bud/Stem	Hymenoptera (Par)	Belo Horizonte (MG)	Fernandes et al. 1988
Erythroxylum suberosum A. St-Hil. (1)	Undetermined	Stem	Eurytomidae (Par)	Silvânia (GO)	Bergamini et al. 2017
	Myrciariamyia admirabilisMaia, 2007 (Cecidomyiidae)	leaf	Eulophidae (Par) Encyrtidae (Par) Torymidae (Par)	Tiradentes/ Serra do Cipó (MG)/ Hidrolândia (GO)	Maia & Fernandes 2004, 2007Silva et al. 2018b
EUPHORBIACEAE
Croton floribundus Spreng. (1)	Clinodiplosis sp. (Cecidomyiidae)	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par)	Tiradentes (MG)	Maia & Fernandes 2004
	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par)	Tiradentes (MG)	Maia & Fernandes 2004
	Couridiplosis vena Maia, 2004 (Cecidomyiidae)	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par)	Tiradentes (MG)	Maia 2004 Maia & Fernandes 2004
	Undetermined	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par)	Tiradentes (MG)	Maia & Fernandes 2004
Sapium glandulosum (L.) Morong (1)	Neolithus fasciatus Scott, 1882 (Triozidae, Hemiptera)	Fruit/ Inflorescence/ Leaf/ Stem	Encyrtidae (Par) Eurytomidae (Par) Pteromalidae (Par)	Belo Horizonte (MG)	Fernandes et al. 1988
FABACEAE
Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Spreng. (1)	Undetermined	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par)	Goiânia (GO)	Santos et al. 2010
Andira cuyabensis Benth. (2)	Undetermined	Leaf	Acari (Suc)	Barreiras (BA)	Lima & Calado 2018
Andira humilis Max ex Benth. (2)	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Eulophidae (Par) Eurytomidae (Par)	Barreiras (BA)	Lima & Calado 2018
Andira paniculata Benth. (1)	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Encyrtidae (Par)	Serra dos Pireneus (GO)	Araújo et al. 2011
	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Encyrtidae (Par)	Serra dos Pireneus (GO)	Araújo et al. 2011
	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Encyrtidae (Par)	Serra dos Pireneus (GO)	Araújo et al. 2011
	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par)	Caldas Novas (GO)	Santos et al. 2012
Andira fraxinifolia Benth. (2)	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf/ Stem	Hymenoptera (Par)	Belo Horizonte (MG)	Fernandes et al. 1988 (as Andira parvifolia Mart. ex Benth.)
Bauhinia brevipes Vogel (1)	Undetermined	Leaf	Acari (Suc)	Barreiras (BA)	Lima & Calado 2018
	Schizomyia macropillataMaia, 2005 (Cecidomyiidae)	Leaf	Eulophidae (Par) Collembola: Seira mendoncae (Suc) Salina celebensis (Suc)	Barreiras (BA)	Maia & Fernandes 2005 Lima & Calado 2018
	Cecidomyiidae	Stem	Acari (Suc) Encyrtidae (Par)	Barreiras (BA)	Lima & Calado 2018
	Cecidomyiidae	Stem	Braconidae (Par) Eulophidae (Par)	Hidrolândia (GO)	Silva et al. 2018b
Bauhinia cupulata Benth. (1)	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Salina celebensis	Barreiras (BA)	Lima & Calado 2018
Bauhinia holophylla (Bong.) Steud. (2)	Schizomyia tuiuiu Urso-Guimarães & Amorim, 2002 (Cecidomyiidae)	Leaf	Rileynae (Eurytomidae) (Par)	Altinópolis (SP)	Urso-Guimarães & Amorim 2002 Ribeiro et al. 2019
Bauhinia rufa (Bong.) Steud. (1)	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Eupelmidae (Par) Torymidae (Par)	Silvânia (GO)	Bergamini et al. 2017
	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Torymidae (Par)	Silvânia (GO)	Bergamini et al. 2017
	Cecidomyiidae	Stem	Eupelmidae (Par)	Silvânia (GO)	Bergamini et al. 2017
	Cecidomyiidae	Stem	Eupelmidae (Par) Tetracampidae (Par)	Silvânia (GO)	Bergamini et al. 2017
	Cecidomyiidae	Stem	Torymidae (Par)	Silvânia (GO)	Bergamini et al. 2017
Bauhinia ungulata L. (1)	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Eulophidae (Par)	Goiânia (GO)	Santos et al. 2010
Calliandra macrocalyx Harms (2)	Undetermined	Bud	Hymenoptera (Par)	Caetité (BA)	Silva et al. 2018a
Copaifera depilis Dwyer (2)	Undetermined	Stem	Hymenoptera (Par)	Barreiras (BA)	Santos et al. 2018
	Undetermined	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par)	Barreiras (BA)	Santos et al. 2018
Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. (1)	Hymenoptera	Bud/ Leaf/ Stem	Encyrtidae (Par) Eurytomidae (Par) Pteromalidae (Par)	Belo Horizonte (MG)	Fernandes et al. 1988
	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf/ Stem	Hymenoptera (Par)	Belo Horizonte (MG)	Fernandes et al. 1988
	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Pteromalidae (Par)	Belo Horizonte (MG)	Fernandes et al. 1988
	Contarinia sp. (Cecidomyiidae)	Leaf	Platygasteridae (Par)	Belo Horizonte (MG)	Fernandes et al. 1988
	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par)	Tiradentes (MG)	Maia & Fernandes 2004
	Cecidomyiidae	Stem	Hymenoptera (Par)	Caetité (BA)	Nogueira et al. 2016
	Cecidomyiidae	Stem	Hymenoptera (Par)	Caetité (BA)	Nogueira et al. 2016
	Undetermined	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par)	Caetité (BA)	Nogueira et al. 2016
	Undetermined	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par)	Caetité (BA)	Nogueira et al. 2016
Copaifera luetzelburgii Harms (2)	Undetermined	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par)	Barreiras (BA)	Santos et al. 2018
	Undetermined	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par)	Barreiras (BA)	Santos et al. 2018
	Undetermined	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par)	Barreiras (BA)	Santos et al. 2018
	Undetermined	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par)	Barreiras (BA)	Santos et al. 2018
	Undetermined	Stem	Hymenoptera (Par)	Barreiras (BA)	Santos et al. 2018
Copaifera sabulicola J. Costa & L.P. Queiroz (2)	Undetermined	Stem	Hymenoptera (Par) Acari (Suc)	Barreiras (BA)	Santos et al. 2018
	Undetermined	Stem	Formicidae (Suc)	Barreiras (BA)	Santos et al. 2018
	Undetermined	Leaf	Coleoptera (Suc)	Barreiras (BA)	Santos et al. 2018
Hymenaea courbaril L. (1)	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Eurytomidae (Par)	Barreiras (BA)	Lima & Calado 2018
	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Acari (Suc)	Barreiras (BA)	Lima & Calado 2018
Inga bahiensis Benth. (1)	Undetermined	Leaf	Coleoptera (Inq)	Caetité (BA)	Silva et al. 2018a
Inga cylindrica (Vell.) Mart. (1)	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Eulophidae (Par)	Goiânia (GO)	Santos et al. 2010
	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Eulophidae (Par)	Goiânia (GO)	Santos et al. 2010
Inga ingoides (Rich.) Willd. (1)	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf/ Stem	Braconidae (Par) Eurytomidae (Par)	Belo Horizonte (MG)	Fernandes et al. 1988
	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par)	Belo Horizonte (MG)	Fernandes et al. 1988
Inga edulis Mart. (1)	Neolasioptera sp. (Cecidomyiidae)	Leaf	Spalangiinae (Pteromalidae) (Par) Meunieriella spinosa Urso-Guimarães, 2019 (Cecidomyiidae) (Suc)	Delfinópolis (MG)	Urso-Guimarães et al., 2003 Urso-Guimarães, 2019
Lonchocarpus cultratus (Vell.) A.M.G. Azevedo & H.C. Lima (1)	Euphaleurus sp. (Psyllidae, Hemiptera)	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par)	Belo Horizonte (MG)	Fernandes et al. 1988 (as Lonchocarpus guilleminianus (Tui.) Malme)
Machaerium aculeatum Raddi (2)	Anadiplosis sp. (Cecidomyiidae)	Leaf	Eulophidae (Par) Eurytomidae (Par) Platygastridae (Par)	Belo Horizonte (MG)	Fernandes et al. 1988
Mimosa gemmulata Barneby (1)	Undetermined	Stem	Hymenoptera (Par)	Caetité (BA)	Nogueira et al. 2016
	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par)	Caetité (BA)	Silva et al. 2018a
LAMIACEAE
Leonotis nepetifolia (3)	Asphondylia canastrae Urso-Guimarães & Amorim, 2002 (Cecidomyiidae)	Inflorescence	Toryminae (Torymidae) (Par) Rileynae (Eurytomidae) (Par)	Delfinópolis (MG)	Urso-Guimarães & Amorim 2002 Urso-Guimarães et al. 2003
LAURACEAE
Nectandra cuspidata Nees (1)	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Eulophidae (Par)	Goiânia (GO)	Santos et al. 2010
	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Eulophidae (Par)	Hidrolândia (GO)	Silva et al. 2018b
	Undetermined	Leaf	Eulophidae (Par)	Hidrolândia (GO)	Silva et al. 2018b
MALPIGHIACEAE
Byrsonima pachyphylla Griseb. (1)	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par)	Caldas Novas (GO)	Santos et al. 2012
Byrsonima starnardii W. R. Anderson (2)	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par)	Caetité (BA)	Nogueira et al. 2016
Byrsonima variabilis A. Juss. (2)	Undetermined	Stem	Eulophidae (Par) Eupelmidae (Par) Eurytomidae (Par) Ichneunomidae (Par) Platygastridae (Par)	Tiradentes (MG)	Maia & Fernandes 2004
Byrsonima verbascifolia (L.) DC. (1)	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Eulophidae (Par)Eulophidae (Par) Eurytomidae (Par) Torymidae (Par) Signiphoridae (Par)	Silvânia (GO)/ Tiradentes (MG)	Bergamini et al. 2017 Maia & Fernandes 2004
	Lepidoptera	Stem	Eurytomidae (Par)	Silvânia (GO)	Bergamini et al. 2017
Diplopterys pubipetala (A. Juss.) W.R. Anderson & C. C. Davis (1)	Clinodiplosis bellum Urso-Guimarães & Garcia-Neto, 2015 (Cecidomyiidae)	Leaf	Eulophinae (Par) Entedoninae (Par) Torymidae (Par)	Altinópolis (SP)	Urso-Guimarães & Garcia-Neto, 2015 Ribeiro et al. 2019
	Dasineura sp. (Cecidomyiidae)	Leaf	Lestodiplosis sp. (Cecidomyiidae) (Pre) Eurytomidae (Par)	Altinópolis (SP) Hidrolândia (GO)	Ribeiro et al. 2019 Silva et al. 2018b
	Phlaeothripidae (Thysanoptera)	Leaf	Eulophidae (Par)	Hidrolândia	Silva et al. 2018b
Peixotoa goiana C. E. Anderson (2)	Undetermined	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par)	Silvânia (GO)	Bergamini et al. 2017
	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Torymidae (Par) Phlaeothripidae (Thysanoptera) (Inq)	Silvânia (GO)	Bergamini et al. 2017
MALVACEAE
Luehea divaricata Mart. (1)	Coleoptera	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par)	Belo Horizonte (MG)	Fernandes et al. 1988
Luehea cf. divaricata Mart.	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf/ Stem	Hymenoptera (Par)	Tiradentes (MG)	Maia & Fernandes 2004
Pseudobombax longiflorum (Mart. & Zucc.) A. Robyns (1)	Lepidoptera	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par)	Serra dos Pireneus (GO)	Araújo et al. 2011
Sida micrantha A.St.-Hil. (1)	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf/ Stem	Hymenoptera (Par)	Serra dos Pireneus (GO)	Araújo et al. 2011
MELASTOMATACEAE
Leandra aurea (Cham.) Cogn. (1)	Lepidoptera	Bud	Anthonomus vis Clark, 1992 (Curculionidae) (Inq) Fiebrigella sp. (Chloropidae) (Pre) Lestodiplosis sp. (Cecidomyiidae) (Pre) Hymenoptera (Par)	Tiradentes (MG)	Maia & Fernandes 2004 Bená & Vanin 2013
	Lepidoptera	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par)	Tiradentes (MG)	Maia & Fernandes 2004
Macairea radula (Bonpl.) DC. (1)	Gelechiidae (Lepidoptera)	Leaf	Chalcididae (Par)	Serra dos Pireneus (GO)	Araújo et al. 2011
	Undetermined	Leaf	Microgastrinae (Braconidae) (Par)	Delfinópolis (MG)	Urso-Guimarães et al. 2003
Miconia theaezans (Bonpl.) Cogn. (1)	Cecidomyiidae	Bud	Hymenoptera (Par)	Tiradentes (MG)	Maia & Fernandes 2004
Pleroma candolleanum (Mart. ex DC.) Triana (2)	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par)	Tiradentes (MG)	Maia & Fernandes 2004 (as Tibouchina candolleana (DC.) Cogn.)
MYRTACEAE
Eugenia punicifolia (Kunth) DC. (2)	Undetermined	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par)	Serra dos Pireneus (GO)	Araújo et al. 2011
	Stephomyia epeugeniae Gagné, 1994 (Cecidomyiidae)	Leaf	Eulophidae (Par)	Belo Horizonte (MG)	Fernandes et al. 1988 (as Eugenia ovalifolia)
	Stephomyia sp. (Cecidomyiidae)	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par)	Tiradentes (MG)	Maia & Fernandes 2004 (as Eugenia cfr. ovalifolia)
	Undetermined	Stem	Hymenoptera (Par)	Caetité (BA)	Vieira et al. 2018a
Myrcia retorta Cambess. (2)	Dasineura sp. (Cecidomyiidae)	Leaf	Eulophidae (Par)	Belo Horizonte (MG)	Fernandes et al. 1988 (as Myrcia itambensis O. Berg.)
	Triozoida sp. (Psyllidae, Hemiptera)	Leaf	Encyrtidae (Par)	Belo Horizonte (MG)	Fernandes et al. 1988
	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Eulophidae (Par)	Belo Horizonte (MG)	Fernandes et al. 1988
Myrciaria tenella (DC.) O. Berg. (1)	Myrciariamyia fernandesi Maia, 2004 (Cecidomyiidae)	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par)	Tiradentes (MG)	Maia & Fernandes 2004
Psidium brownianum Mart. ex DC. (2)	Undetermined	Leaf	Pseudoscorpiones (Pre)	Caetité (BA)	Silva et al. 2018a

Psidium salutare var. pohlianum (O. Berg.) Laundrum (2)	Psyllidae (Hemiptera)	Leaf	Eulophidae (Par)	Serra dos Pireneus (GO)	Araújo et al. 2011
NYCTAGINACEAE
Guapira opposita (Vell.) Reitz (1)	Cecidomyiidae	Stem	Hymenoptera (Par)	Caetité (BA)	Vieira et al. 2018
Neea theifera Oerst. (1)	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par)	Caldas Novas (GO)	Santos et al. 2012
OCHNACEAE
Ouratea floribunda (A. St-Hil.) Engl. (2)	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par)	Belo Horizonte (MG)	Fernandes et al. 1988
PIPERACEAE
Piper arboreum Aubl. (1)	Undetermined	Leaf	Eulophidae (Par)	Serra dos Pireneus (GO)	Araújo et al. 2011
	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Eulophidae (Par)	Goiânia (GO)	Santos et al. 2010
PROTEACEAE
Roupala montana Aubl. (1)	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Eulophidae (Par)	Hidrolândia (GO)	Silva et al. 2018b
RUBIACEAE
Borreria cfr. brachystemonoides Cham. & Schltdl. (1)	Cecidomyiidae	Stem	Encyrtidae (Par)	Tiradentes (MG)	Maia & Fernandes 2004
Chomelia pohliana Müll.Arg (2)	Undetermined	Spine base	Lygaeidae (Hemiptera) (Inq)	Delfinópolis (MG)	Urso-Guimarães et al. 2003
SALICACEAE
Casearia sylvestris Sw. (1)	Undetermined	Stem	Hymenoptera (Par)	Silvânia (GO)	Bergamini et al. 2017
SAPINDACEAE
Serjania obtusidentata Radlk. (2)	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Eulophidae (Par)	Goiânia (GO)	Santos et al. 2010
SIPARUNACEAE
Siparuna guianensis Aubl. (1)	Undetermined	Stem	Torymidae (Par)	Silvânia (GO)	Bergamini et al. 2017
	Cecidomyiidae	Stem	Eurytomidae (Par)	Hidrolândia (GO) Silvânia (GO)	Silva et al. 2018b Bergamini et al. 2017
	Undetermined	Stem	Torymidae (Par)	Silvânia (GO)	Bergamini et al. 2017
SMILACACEAE
Smilax oblongifolia Pohl ex Griseb. (2)	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par) Polyxenus (Diplopoda) (Inq) Psocoptera (Inq) Eulophidae (Par) Camptoneuromyia sp. (Cecidomyiidae) (Inq)	Delfinópolis (MG) Altinópolis (SP)	Urso-Guimarães et al., 2003 (as Smilax coriifolia A. DC.) Ribeiro et al. 2019
STYRACACEAE
Styrax pohlii A.DC. (1)	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Eulophidae (Par)	Goiânia (GO)	Santos et al. 2010
	Diptera	Stem	Hymenoptera (Par)	Goiânia (GO)	Santos et al. 2010
	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par)	Goiânia (GO)	Santos et al. 2010
TRIGONIACEAE
Trigonia nivea Cambess. (1)	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par)	Caetité (BA)	Nogueira et al. 2016
VERBENACEAE
Lantana fucata Lindl. (1)	Neolasioptera sp (Cecidomyiidae)	Stem	Hymenoptera (Par)	Tiradentes (MG)	Maia & Fernandes 2004 (as Lantana lilacina Desf.)
	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par)	Tiradentes (MG)	Maia & Fernandes 2004
Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. Br. ex Britton & P. Wilson (1)	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par)	Caetité (BA)	Vieira et al. 2018
VOCHYSIACEAE
Qualea grandiflora Mart. (1)	Undetermined	Leaf	Eulophidae (Par)	Serra dos Pireneus (GO)	Araújo et al. 2011
	Hymenoptera	Leaf	Collembola (Suc)	Barreiras (BA)	Lima & Calado 2018
	Cecidomyiidae	Stem	Hymenoptera (Par)	Caldas Novas (GO)	Santos et al. 2012
Qualea multiflora Mart. (1)	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Eulophidae (Par)	Hidrolândia (GO)	Silva et al. 2018b
	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Braconidae (Par) Eulophidae (Par)	Hidrolândia (GO)	Silva et al. 2018b
Qualea parviflora Mart. (1)	Undetermined	Leaf	Eulophidae (Par)	Serra dos Pireneus (GO)	Araújo et al. 2011
	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par)	Tiradentes (MG)	Maia & Fernandes 2004
			Encyrtidae (Par)	Hidrolândia (GO)	Silva et al. 2018b
	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Lepidoptera (Inq)	Caetité (BA)	Silva et al. 2018a

Host plant	Gall-inducer	Host organ	Secondary dwellers	Locality	Reference
Apocynaceae
Aspidosperma sp.	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Pteromalidae (Par)	Hidrolândia (GO)	Silva et al. 2018
Asteraceae
Moquiniastrum sp.	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par)	Caetité (BA)	Silva et al. 2018
Bignoniaceae
Arrabidaea sp.	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Torymidae (Par)	Goiânia (GO)	Santos et al. 2010
	Cecidomyiidae	Stem	Torymidae (Par)	Goiânia (GO)	Santos et al. 2010
Boraginaceae
Cordia sp.	Hymenoptera	Leaf	Acari (Suc)	Barreiras (BA)	Lima & Calado 2018
Chrysobalanaceae
Hirtella sp.	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Torymidae (Par)	Silvânia (GO)	Bergamini et al. 2017
Combretaceae
Combretum sp.	Phlaeothripidae (Thysanoptera)	Leaf	Eurytomidae (Par) Seria mendoncae (Collembola) (Suc)	Barreiras (BA)	Lima & Calado 2018
Connaraceae
Connarus sp.	Undetermined	Stem	Eulophidae (Par)	Hidrolândia (GO)	Silva et al. 2018
Dilleniaceae
Doliocarpus sp.	Cecidomyiidae	Stem	Elasmidae (Par) Eurytomidae (Par) Eulophidae (Par) Torymidae (Par) Sciaridae (Inq)	Silvânia (GO)	Bergamini et al. 2017
Erythroxylaceae
Erythroxylum sp.	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Eulophidae (Par)	Hidrolândia (GO)	Silva et al. 2018
	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Pteromalidae (Par)	Hidrolândia (GO)	Silva et al. 2018
	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf midvein	Pteromalidae (Par)	Hidrolândia (GO)	Silva et al. 2018
Euphorbiaceae
Croton sp.	Undetermined	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par)	Caetité (BA)	Vieira et al. 2018
Manihot sp.	Undetermined	Leaf	Eulophidae (Par)	Serra dos Pireneus (GO)	Araújo et al. 2011
	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Pteromalidae (Par)	Hidrolândia (GO)	Silva et al. 2018
Sebastiania sp.	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Eulophidae (Par)	Serra dos Pireneus (GO)	Araújo et al. 2011
Fabaceae
Andira sp.	Cecidomyiidae	Stem	Eulophidae (Par)	Tiradentes (MG)	Maia & Fernandes 2004
	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par)	Tiradentes (MG)	Maia & Fernandes 2004
Bauhinia sp.	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf vein	Eulophidae (Par)	Serra dos Pireneus (GO)	Araújo et al. 2011
	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Braconidae (Par) Eulophidae (Par) Torymidae (Par)	Silvânia (GO)	Bergamini et al. 2017
	Lepidoptera	Stem	Araneae (Suc)	Caetité (BA)	Silva et al. 2018
	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Braconidae (Par) Eulophidae (Par) Pteromalidae (Par)	Hidrolândia (GO)	Silva et al. 2018
	Undetermined	Stem	Braconidae (Par)	Hidrolândia (GO)	Silva et al. 2018
	Lepidoptera	Stem	Torymidae (Par)	Hidrolândia (GO)	Silva et al. 2018
Inga sp.	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf midvein	Hymenoptera (Par)	Tiradentes (MG)	Maia & Fernandes 2004
Loranthaceae
Struthanthus sp.	Undetermined	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par)	Serra dos Pireneus (GO)	Araújo et al. 2011
Lythraceae
Diplusodon sp.	Undetermined	Stem	Brachycera (Diptera) (Inq)	Silvânia (GO)	Bergamini et al. 2017
Malpighiaceae
Byrsonima sp.	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Trichogrammatidae (Par)	Serra dos Pireneus (GO)	Araújo et al. 2011
Heteropterys sp.	Undetermined	Leaf	Eulophidae (Par)	Hidrolândia (GO)	Silva et al. 2018
Peixotoa sp.	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Eulophidae (Par)	Hidrolândia (GO)	Silva et al. 2018
Thryallis sp.	Undetermined	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par)	Caetité (BA)	Nogueira et al. 2016
Malvaceae
Luehea sp.	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Salina celebensis (Suc) Salina sp. (Suc)	Barreiras (BA)	Lima & Calado 2018
Melastomataceae
Miconia sp.	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf/ Stem	Hymenoptera (Par)	Tiradentes (MG)	Maia & Fernandes 2004
Miconia sp.	Undetermined	Stem	Hymenoptera (Par)	Goiânia (GO)	Silva et al. 2015
Tibouchina sp.	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Perilampidae (Par)	Altinópolis (SP)	Ribeiro et al. 2019
Meliaceae
Guarea sp.	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Thysanoptera (Inq)	Caetité (BA)	Silva et al. 2018
Trichilia sp.	Undetermined	Stem	Eulophidae (Par)	Hidrolândia (GO)	Silva et al. 2018
Metteniusaceae
Emmotum sp.	Undetermined	Stem	Hymenoptera (Par) Formicidae (Suc)	Caetité (BA)	Nogueira et al. 2016
Myrtaceae
Campomanesia sp.	Undetermined	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par)	Caetité (BA)	Vieira et al. 2018
Eugenia sp.	Undetermined	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par)	Caetité (BA)	Vieira et al. 2018
Myrcia sp.	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par)	Serra dos Pireneus (GO)	Araújo et al. 2011
	Cecidomyiidae	Bud	Hymenoptera (Par)	Tiradentes (MG)	Maia & Fernandes 2004
	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par)	Tiradentes (MG)	Maia & Fernandes 2004
	Thysanoptera	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par)	Tiradentes (MG)	Maia & Fernandes 2004
	Undetermined	Stem	Eurytomidae (Par)	Hidrolândia (GO)	Silva et al. 2018
Nyctaginaceae
Guapira sp.	Lopesia bilobata Maia, 2004Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par)	Tiradentes (MG)	Maia 2004 Maia & Fernandes 2004
	Asphondyliini (Cecidomyiidae)	Stem	Hymenoptera (Par)	Tiradentes (MG)	Maia & Fernandes 2004
	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Eulophidae (Par)	Hidrolândia (GO)	Silva et al. 2018
Piperaceae
Piper sp.	Parametasphondylia piperis Maia & Santos, 2007 (Cecidomyiidae)	Leaf/stem	Hymenoptera (Par)	Tiradentes (MG)	Maia & Fernandes 2004 Maia & Santos 2007
	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf midvein	Hymenoptera (Par)	Tiradentes (MG)	Maia & Fernandes 2004
Sapindaceae
Paullinia sp.	Cecidomyiidae	Stem	Hymenoptera (Par)	Tiradentes (MG)	Maia & Fernandes 2004
	Undetermined	Leaf bud	Eulophidae (Par)	Hidrolândia (GO)	Silva et al. 2018
Serjania sp.	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Eulophidae (Par) Torymidae (Par)	Silvânia (GO)	Bergamini et al. 2017
	Cecidomyiidae	Stem	Eurytomidae (Par)	Hidrolândia (GO)	Silva et al. 2018
Smilaceae
Smilax sp.	Undetermined	Leaf	Eulophidae (Par) Torymidae (Par)	Hidrolândia (GO)	Silva et al. 2018
Styracaceae
Styrax sp.	Undetermined	Leaf	Eupelmidae (Par)	Serra dos Pireneus (GO)	Araújo et al. 2011

Host plant	Gall-inducer	Host organ	Secondary dweller	Locality	Reference
Acanthaceae	Undetermined	Leaf midvein	Chalcididae (Par)	Silvânia (GO)	Bergamini et al. 2017
Anacardiaceae	Undetermined	Leaf	Eurytomidae (Par)	Silvânia (GO)	Bergamini et al. 2017
Asteraceae	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Encyrtidae (Par)	Serra dos Pireneus (GO)	Araújo et al. 2011
	Undetermined	Leaf	Eulophidae (Par)	Silvânia (GO)	Bergamini et al. 2017
	Undetermined	Stem	Torymidae (Par) Sciaridae (Diptera) (Inq)	Silvânia (GO)	Bergamini et al. 2017
	Undetermined	Stem	Eulophidae (Par)	Silvânia (GO)	Bergamini et al. 2017
	Undetermined	Stem	Hymenoptera (Par)	Caetité (BA)	Silva et al. 2018
Celastraceae	Undetermined	Leaf	Eulophidae (Par)	Silvânia (GO)	Bergamini et al. 2017
	Undetermined	Stem	Eurytomidae (Par) Torymidae (Par)	Silvânia (GO)	Bergamini et al. 2017
Connaraceae	Cecidomyiidae	Inflorescence	Eurytomidae (Par)	Hidrolândia (GO)	Silva et al. 2018
Erythroxylaceae	Undetermined	Leaf	Araneae (Suc) Hemiptera (Inq)	Caetité (BA)	Silva et al. 2018
Euphorbiaceae	Undetermined	Leaf/ Stem	Eulophidae (Par) Eurytomidae (Par)	Hidrolândia (GO)	Silva et al. 2018
Fabaceae	Cecidomyiidae	Bud	Hymenoptera (Par)	Tiradentes (MG)	Maia & Fernandes 2004
	Neolasioptera sp. (Cecidomyiidae)	Stem	Hymenoptera (Par)	Tiradentes (MG)	Maia & Fernandes 2004
Malpighiaceae	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Eulophidae (Par)	Serra dos Pireneus (GO)	Araújo et al. 2011
	Undetermined	Stem	Pseudoscorpiones (Pre)	Caetité (BA)	Nogueira et al. 2016
	Undetermined	Leaf midvein	Hymenoptera (Par)	Caetité (BA)	Nogueira et al. 2016
	Phlaeothripidae (Thysanoptera)	Leaf	Eulophidae (Par)	Hidrolândia (GO)	Silva et al. 2018
	Undetermined	Stem	Hymenoptera (Par)	Caetité (BA)	Vieira et al. 2018
	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par)	Caetité (BA)	Vieira et al. 2018
	Undetermined	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par)	Caetité (BA)	Vieira et al. 2018
Malvaceae	Undetermined	Leaf	Eurytomidae (Par) Torymidae (Par)	Silvânia (GO)	Bergamini et al. 2017
Melastomataceae	Undetermined	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par)	Serra dos Pireneus (GO)	Araújo et al. 2011
	Undetermined	Stem	Sciaridae (Inq)	Silvânia (GO)	Bergamini et al. 2017
	Undetermined	Stem	Torymidae (Par)	Hidrolândia (GO)	Silva et al. 2018
Meliaceae	Undetermined	Leaf	Eulophidae (Par)	Silvânia (GO)	Bergamini et al. 2017
Moraceae	Undetermined	Stem	Araneae (Suc)	Caetité (BA)	Silva et al. 2018
Myrtaceae	Undetermined	Leaf	Eulophidae (Par)	Silvânia (GO)	Bergamini et al. 2017
	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par)	Silvânia (GO)	Bergamini et al. 2017
	Undetermined	Leaf	Eurytomidae (Par)	Silvânia (GO)	Bergamini et al. 2017
	Cecidomyiidae	Stem	Torymidae (Par)	Silvânia (GO)	Bergamini et al. 2017
	Phlaeothripidae) (Thysanoptera)	Leaf	Collembola (Suc)	Barreiras (BA)	Lima & Calado 2018
	Undetermined	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par)	Tiradentes (MG)	Maia & Fernandes 2004
	Sternorrhyncha (Hemiptera)	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par)	Tiradentes (MG)	Maia & Fernandes 2004
Rubiaceae	Cecidomyiidae	Stem	Eupelmidae (Par) Tanaostigmatidae (Inq)	Silvânia (GO)	Bergamini et al. 2017
	Undetermined	Stem	Torymidae (Par)	Silvânia (GO)	Bergamini et al. 2017
	Undetermined	Leaf	Araneae (Suc) Hemiptera (Suc)	Caetité (BA)	Silva et al. 2018
Sapindaceae	Undetermined	Stem	Eulophidae (Par)	Hidrolândia (GO)	Silva et al. 2018
	Cecidomyiidae	Leaf	Seria mendoncae (Suc) Salina celebensis (Suc) Hymenoptera (Par) Phlaeothripidae (Suc)	Barreiras (BA)	Lima & Calado 2018
	Undetermined	Stem	Eulophidae (Par)	Hidrolândia (GO)	Silva et al. 2018
Solanaceae	Undetermined	Bud	Hymenoptera (Par)	Caetité (BA)	Silva et al. 2018
Tiliaceae	Undetermined	Leaf	Hymenoptera (Par)	Goiânia (GO)	Silva et al. 2015
Turneraceae	Undetermined	Stem	Hymenoptera (Par)	Caetité (BA)	Silva et al. 2018

Host plant-family	Number of host species	Number of gall morphotypes
Annonaceae	3	3
Apocynaceae	1	2
Araliaceae	1	1
Asteraceae	12	15
Bignoniaceae	1	1
Boraginaceae	1	3
Burseraceae	1	2
Calophyllaceae	1	3
Cannabaceae	1	1
Caryocaraceae	1	2
Celastraceae	1	1
Combretaceae	1	1
Connaraceae	1	1
Dilleniaceae	2	3
Ebenaceae	1	1
Erythroxylaceae	2	3
Euphorbiaceae	2	5
Fabaceae	23	52
Lamiaceae	1	1
Lauraceae	1	3
Malpighiaceae	6	10
Malvaceae	3	4
Melastomataceae	4	6
Myrtaceae	5	10
Nyctaginaceae	2	2
Ochnaceae	1	1
Piperaceae	1	2
Proteaceae	1	1
Rubiaceae	2	2
Salicaceae	1	1
Sapindaceae	1	1
Siparunaceae	1	3
Smilacaceae	1	1
Styracaceae	1	3
Trigoniaceae	1	1
Verbenaceae	2	3
Vochysiaceae	3	8
Total	94	163
35

Gall-inducing insect	Number of gall morphotypes
Diptera (Cecidomyiidae: 103)	105
Hemiptera	7
Lepidoptera	6
Hymenoptera	3
Coleoptera	2
Thysanoptera	2
Undetermined	38
Total	163

Host plant organ	Number of gall morphotypes
Leaves	109
Stems	32
Bud	8
Flower bud/inflorescence	2
Spine	1
Stem and bud	2
Leaf and stem	7
Bud, leaf and stem	1
Fruit, inflorescence, leaf and stem	1

Ecological guild	Taxon	Number of gall morphotypes
Inquiline	Sciaridae (Diptera)	1
	Phlaeothripidae (Thysanoptera)	1
	Coleoptera	1
	Lepidoptera	4
	Hemiptera	1
	Lygaeidae (Hemiptera)	1
	Psocoptera	1
	Polyxenus sp. (Diplopoda)	1
	Anthonomus vis (Coleoptera)	1
	Camptoneuromyia sp. (Diptera)	1
	Clinodiplosis sp. (Diptera)	1
	Hymenoptera	1
Parasitoid	Braconidae	9
	Chalcididae	2
	Eulophidae	41
	Encyrtidae	12
	Eupelmidae	4
	Eurytomidae	20
	Hymenoptera	70
	Ichneumonidae	1
	Platygastridae	4
	Pteromalidae	6
	Signiphoridae	1
	Tetracampidae	1
	Torymidae	14
Predator	Lestodiplosis sp. (Cecidomyiidae)	2
	Friebrigella sp. (Chloropidae)	1
	Pseudoscorpionida	1
Successor	Acari	5
	Coleoptera	1
	Formicidae (Hymenoptera)	2
	Collembola	1
	Araneae	1
	Salina celebensis (Collembola)	2
	Seria mendoncae (Collembola)	1
	Meunieriella spinosa (Cecidomyiidae)	1
Undetermined	Heteroptera (Hemiptera)	1

Host plant	Uses
Host plant	Edible	Medicinal	Carpentry and/or cabinet making	Fuel and/or charcoal	Reforestation	Others
Annona coriacea		x	x
A.crassiflora	x	x	x			Cork production
Duguetia furfuracea	x	x
Aspidosperma australe		x			x
Didymopanax morototoni		x	x		x	Paper industry
Eremanthus erythropappus			x			Living fence
Porophyllum ruderale	x	x				Fungicide
Handroanthus ochraceous			x		x
Cordia sellowiana			x
Protium heptaphyllum	x	x	x			Incense Varnishes
Caryocar brasiliense	x	x	x	x		Cosmetic industry
Plenckia populnea			x
Combretum leprosum		x	x	x	x
Connarus suberosus		x	x	x		Cork production
Erythroxylum suberosum		x	x			Dye
Croton floribundus		x	x
Sapium glandulosum				x	x	Latex
Andira cuyabensis		x	x	x
Andira fraxinifolia		x	x		x
Bauhinia ungulata		x	x	x	x
Copaifera langsdorfii	x	x	x	x		Cosmetic industry Varnishes
Hymenaea courbaril	x (tea)	x	x	x		illuminant
Inga cylindrica	x		x	x	x
Inga ingoides	x		x	x	x
Lonchocarpus cultratus
Machaerium aculeatum			x			Soil fertility
Leonotis nepetifolia	x	x
Nectandra cuspidata			x
Byrsonima verbascifolia	x	x	x	x		Dye
Luehea divaricata		x	x			Shoe soles
Pseudobombax longiflorum			x		x	Stuffing
Myrciaria tenella	x		x	x
Psidium salutare var. pohlianum	x
Guapira opposita			x
Neea theifera	x (tea)	x				Dye
Piper arboreum		x
Roupala montana			x
Chomelia pohliana
Casearia sylvestris		x	x		x
Siparuna guianensis		x
Smilax oblongifolia		x
Styrax pohlii		x	x		x
Lippia alba	x	x
Qualea grandiflora			x
Qualea multiflora			x
Qualea parviflora			x			Source of tannins

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Guild	Number of gall morphotypes
Parasitoids	147 (90.2%)
Successors	13 (8.0%)
Inquilines	12 (7.4%)
Predators	3 (1.8%)
Undetermined	1 (0.6%)