<i>Plantago major</i> leaf extract against bacteria and fungi of medical importance

Sousa, Débora Silva Marques de; Ruiz, Luciana da Silva; Pereira, Ana Flávia Marques; Sani, Alessandra Aguirra; Zapata, Tatiane Baptista; Monari, Gabrielle Pires de Morais; Rosa, Cassiana Ferreira da; Fernandes Junior, Ary; Rall, Vera Lucia Mores; Prado, Diego Godina; Oliveira, Alberto de; Bosco, Sandra de Moraes Gimenes

doi:10.1590/s2175-97902025e24143

Tabla de contenido Anterior Actual Siguiente

Tabla de contenido

Article • Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. 61 • 2025 • https://doi.org/10.1590/s2175-97902025e24143 linkcopy

Plantago major leaf extract against bacteria and fungi of medical importance

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Antimicrobial drug resistance is a challenge to public health. Various microorganisms, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pythium insidiosum, and Candida auris, have developed resistance to commonly used antimicrobials in infection disease treatments. Consequently, there is an urgent need to explore and develop novel therapeutic drugs. Natural products, particularly medicinal plants, have received attention in the quest for innovative treatments for various diseases. Plantago major is a plant endowed with several biological properties, such as antibacterial, antifungal, and healing actions. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial activities of the methanolic extract obtained from the leaves of P. major. Microdilution assays were conducted to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal and fungicidal concentration. Additionally, synergism with antimicrobial drugs was assessed using a time-kill curve analysis. A synergistic bactericidal interaction between the extract and imipenem was observed against carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae. For MRSA, a bacteriostatic synergism was noted in combinations of the extract with cephalotin and oxacillin. For C. auris, a fungistatic interaction was observed between the extract and amphotericin B. These results suggest the presence of bioactive compounds within the extract with therapeutic potential for combating infections caused by these microorganisms.

Keywords:
Synergistic interaction; Natural products; Multi-drug resistant microorganisms; Antimicrobial drugs; Extract chemical composition; Mass spectrometry

Sample	TPC	TFC	DPPH
	mgGAE g^-1 extract	mgQE extract (mg g^-1)	IC₅₀ (μg.mL^-1)
Ethanolic extract	75.98 ± 1.66	0.90 ± 0.01	26.82 ± 0.40
Ascorbic acid	--	--	3.95 ± 0.08

Rt (min)	[M - H]-	Exact Mass	Error (ppm)	*Fragment ions (m/z) MS/MS*	Molecular formula	Tentative identififcation	Reference
3.98	455.0853	--	--	20 eV: 96	--	NI
4.68	461.1653	461.1664	- 2.39	15 eV: 315, 161, 135, 113¸85, 71, 59	C₂₀H₃₀O₁₂	Verbasoside (Decaffeoyl-acteoside)	(Gao et al., 2022); Pubchem^a
6.85	639.1908	639.1931	- 3.6	20 eV: 477, 394, 315, 161	C₂₉H₃₆O₁₆	Plantamajoside	(de Andrade et al., 2018; Li et al., 2014)
7.16	623.1965	623.1981	- 2.57	20 eV: 461, 315, 161¸ 113	C₂₉H₃₆O₁₅	Verbascoside	(Mazzutti et al., 2017); Pubchem^b
7.51	623.1924	623.1981	- 2.73	30 eV: 461, 315, 161	C₂₉H₃₆O₁₅	Isoverbascoside	(Mazzutti et al., 2017); Pubchem^b
8.41	651.2277	651.2294	- 2.61	--	C₃₁H₄₀O₁₅	Martynoside	(Mazzutti et al., 2017)

	MIC (mg mL^-1)	MBC (mg mL^-1)
MRSA ATCC 33591	35^a	35^a
MRSA clinical isolate	2.5^a	2.5^a
P. aeruginosa ATCC 27852	35^a	35^a
P. aeruginosa clinical isolate	45^a	45^a
KPC clinical isolate	>50^b	>50^b
MSSA ATCC 2593	>50^a	>50^a
MSSA clinical isolate	2.5^a	2.5^a

	MIC (mg mL^-1)	MFC (mg mL^-1)
C. auris CDC B11903	10^a	>50^a
C. auris clinical isolate	10^a	>50^a
S. schenkii	10^a	10^a
S. globosa	10^a	10^a
S. brasiliensis	10^a	10^a
P. insidiosum*	45^a	45^a

location_on

Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, n. 580, 05508-000 S. Paulo/SP Brasil, Tel.: (55 11) 3091-3824 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: bjps@usp.br

rss_feed Acompañe los números de esta revista en su lector de RSS

[TFN1] Note: GAE gallic acid equivalent; QE quercetin equivalent.