Evaluation of the antihyperlipidemic activity of <i>Dracaena trifasciata</i> (Prain) Mabb. ethanolic extract in high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia in rats

Rani, Rapothula Roopa; Parimala, Sudha; Banu, Zeenath

doi:10.1590/s2175-97902026e25032

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Article • Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. 62 • 2026 • https://doi.org/10.1590/s2175-97902026e25032 linkcopy

Evaluation of the antihyperlipidemic activity of Dracaena trifasciata (Prain) Mabb. ethanolic extract in high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia in rats

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Hyperlipidemia, characterized by elevated cholesterol or triglyceride levels, is a key risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. This study explores the antihyperlipidemic potential of Dracaena trifasciata (Prain) Mabb., a perennial herb with diverse pharmacological properties. The ethanolic extract of D. trifasciata leaves (EEDT) was prepared and analyzed for phytochemicals. Wistar rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD) were treated with EEDT (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg), with statin as a positive control. Parameters assessed included lipid profiles, atherogenic indices (AIP, CRR, CPI, AC), lipid peroxidation, antioxidant levels, liver enzymes, and histopathology. Phytochemical analysis revealed flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, and saponins, with high phenolic (776.33 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (284 mg RT/g) content. EEDT significantly (p < 0.001) reduced total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and VLDL while increasing HDL and CPI. Atherogenic indices (AIP, CRR, AC) were also significantly lowered (p < 0.001). Antioxidant markers improved (p < 0.05), and liver enzyme levels (AST, ALT, ALP) decreased (p < 0.01). Histopathological findings supported these results. EEDT demonstrated potent antihyperlipidemic and antioxidative effects, suggesting its potential as a natural therapeutic agent for hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress. However, further clinical studies are needed to confirm its efficacy and safety for therapeutic use.

Keywords:
Antioxidant activity; Atherogenic indices; Dracaena trifasciata (Prain) Mabb; Hyperlipidemia; Lipid profile.

S.No.	Name of the ingredients	Quantity of the ingredient (g)	Percentage of the ingredient
1)	Cows fat	60	6%
2)	Dalda/Ghee	60	6 %
3)	Coconut oil	60	6 %
4)	Normal rat pellets	680	68%
5)	Milk Powder	140	14%
	Total	1000	100%

S.No.	Treatment groups
I.	Control
II.	High Fat Diet (HFD)
III.	High Fat Diet (HFD) + Atorvastatin (ATOR)(10 mg/kg)
IV.	High Fat Diet (HFD) + Ethanolic extract of D. trifasciata (EEDT)(200 mg/kg)
V.	High Fat Diet (HFD) + Ethanolic extract of D. trifasciata (EEDT)(400 mg/kg)

Sl.No	Phytochemical Testing	EEDT
1.	Alkaloid	+
2.	Reducing sugar	+
3.	Saponins	+
4.	Phytosterols	+
5.	Flavonoids	+
6.	Phenols	+
7.	Proteins, amino acids	+
8.	Fixed oils and fats	-
9.	Carbohydrates	-

Parameters	Control			Test (EEDT-2000 mg/kg b.wt)
	1st Day	7th Day	14th Day	1st Day	7th Day	14th Day
Food and water consumption	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal
Temperature	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal
Breathing	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal
Skin colour	No Change	No Change	No Change	No Change	No Change	No Change
Eye colour	No Change	No Change	No Change	No Change	No Change	No Change
Faeces consistency	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal
Motor coordination	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal
Drowsiness	Not Present	Not Present	Not Present	Not Present	Not Present	Not Present
Coma	Not found	Not found	Not found	Not found	Not found	Not found
Death	Not found	Not found	Not found	Not found	Not found	Not found

Days	Control	Test (EEDT)
1st Day	155.00±0.10	157.13±0.11
8th Day	166.01±0.35	167.40±0.31
14th Day	170.36±0.12	171.85±0.05
Day 14th - Day1	15.36±0.02	14.72±0.06

S.No.	Treatment groups	Body weight in grams
S.No.		Before HFD	After HFD	After treatment
I.	Control	155.81±3.88	200.85±6.06	220.45±5.91
II.	High Fat Diet (HFD)	150.43±4.99	289.75±6.17	315.36±4.53
III.	HFD+ATOR(10mg/kg)	148.92±5.77	255.65±8.55	175.23±7.54
IV.	HFD+EDDT (200 mg/kg)	156.83±7.11	268.25±7.41	206.25±5.64
V.	HFD+EEDT (400 mg/kg)	164.41±4.27	250.20±7.74	190.025±6.81

S.No.	Treatment groups	BMI
I.	Control	0.58±0.03
II.	High Fat Diet (HFD)	0.93±0.01##
III.	HFD+ATOR (10mg/kg)	0.54±0.011^**
IV.	HFD+EDDT (200 mg/kg)	0.79±0.014*
V.	HFD+EEDT (400 mg/kg)	0.61±0.01^**

S.No.	Treatment Groups	Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	Triglycerides (mg/dL)	HDL-C (mg/dL)	LDL-C (mg/dL)	VLDL-C (mg/dL)
I.	Control	98.01±2.16	150.15±4.39	45.10±2.56	23.00±2.78	30.10±3.68
II.	High Fat Diet (HFD)	200.00±3.41###	320.57±5.73###	19.74±3.74###	117.91±3.57###	64.40±1.14###
III.	HFD+ATOR (10 mg/kg)	105.01±6.59***	165.50±5.23***	48.56±1.10***	24.21±1.83***	33.80±1.04***
IV.	HFD+EDDT (200 mg/kg)	139.38±3.58**	200.92±4.77**	25.61±1.42*	74.50±2.75**	40.71±0.95**
V.	HFD+EEDT (400 mg/kg)	125.62±5.48***	185.15±4.93***	32.67±1.24***	54.24±2.17***	37.6±0.98***

S.No.	Treatment groups	AIP	AC	CRR	CPI
I.	Control	0.52±0.661	1.15±0.931	2.17±0.531	1.96±0.531
II.	High Fat Diet (HFD)	1.21±0.23#	9.13±0.73###	10.13±0.43###	0.16±0.32##
III.	HFD+ATOR (10 mg/kg)	0.53±0.56**	1.16±0.36**	2.16±0.36**	2.00±0.43**
IV.	HFD+EDDT (200 mg/kg)	0.85±0.05**	4.44±0.23**	5.44±0.23**	0.34±0.23**
V.	HFD+EEDT (400 mg/kg)	0.75±0.04**	2.84±0.04**	3.84±0.04**	0.60±0.03**

S.No.	Treatment groups	AST(U/L)	ALT(U/L)	ALP(U/L)
I.	Control	71.46±3.39	14.17±4.22	79.14±2.32
II.	High Fat Diet (HFD)	181.08±4.967###	45.85±5.22###	171.00±2.23###
III.	HFD+ATOR (10mg/kg)	98.87±4.58**	15.54±4.37**	99.77±2.28**
IV.	HFD+EDDT (200 mg/kg)	83.76±3.93**	13.91±2.85**	94.17±2.01**
V.	HFD+EEDT (400 mg/kg)	71.9±2.47**	10.61±1.57**	88.72±1.94**

S.No.	Treatment groups	MDA (nmol/mg protein)	CAT (U/mg protein)	GSH (µmol/mg protein)
I.	Control	35.74±1.21*	6.68±0.71*	45.6±2.34*
II.	High Fat Diet (HFD)	78.12±2.11##	2.91±0.42#	19.05±1.96#
III.	HFD+ATOR (10 mg/kg)	44.23±1.56*	4.54±0.21*	29.98±1.66*
IV.	HFD+EDDT (200 mg/kg)	40.54±4.31*	5.75±0.33*	34.12±2.12*
V.	HFD+EEDT (400 mg/kg)	38.12±2.76*	8.16±0.55*	39.00±2.50*

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Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, n. 580, 05508-000 S. Paulo/SP Brasil, Tel.: (55 11) 3091-3824 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: bjps@usp.br

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[1] Values are presented as mean ± SEM, n=6. ##p < 0.01(Compared to control group),

[TFN1] ^*
p < 0.05,^** p <0.01 (Compared to HFD).