Are traditional body fat equations and anthropometry valid to estimate body fat in children and adolescents living with HIV?

Lima, Luiz Rodrigo Augustemak de; Martins, Priscila Custódio; Alves, Carlos Alencar Souza; Castro, João Antônio Chula de; Silva, Diego Augusto Santos; Petroski, Edio Luiz

doi:10.1016/j.bjid.2017.03.015

Tabla de contenido Anterior Actual Siguiente

Tabla de contenido

Original Articles • Braz J Infect Dis 21 (4) • Jul-Aug 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2017.03.015 linkcopy

Are traditional body fat equations and anthropometry valid to estimate body fat in children and adolescents living with HIV?

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

The aim of this study was to assess the validity of traditional anthropometric equations and to develop predictive equations of total body and trunk fat for children and adolescents living with HIV based on anthropometric measurements. Forty-eight children and adolescents of both sexes (24 boys) aged 7-17 years, living in Santa Catarina, Brazil, participated in the study. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used as the reference method to evaluate total body and trunk fat. Height, body weight, circumferences and triceps, subscapular, abdominal and calf skinfolds were measured. The traditional equations of Lohman and Slaughter were used to estimate body fat. Multiple regression models were fitted to predict total body fat (Model 1) and trunk fat (Model 2) using a backward selection procedure. Model 1 had an R² = 0.85 and a standard error of the estimate of 1.43. Model 2 had an R² = 0.80 and standard error of the estimate = 0.49. The traditional equations of Lohman and Slaughter showed poor performance in estimating body fat in children and adolescents living with HIV. The prediction models using anthropometry provided reliable estimates and can be used by clinicians and healthcare professionals to monitor total body and trunk fat in children and adolescents living with HIV.

Keywords:
Body fat; HIV; Skinfold thickness; Anthropometry; DXA

Reference	Year	Sex	Predictive equation's
Lohman et al.¹²	1989	Boys/Girls (all ages)	%BF = 1.35 (TR + SE) - 0.012 (TR + SE)² - Ia
Slaughter et al.¹³	1988	Boys (all ages)	%BF = 1.21 (TR + SE) - 0.008 (TR + SE)² + Ib
Slaughter et al.¹³	1988	Girls (all ages)	%BF = 1.33 (TR + SE) - 0.013 (TR + SE)² - 2.5

Variables	Boys (n = 24)		Girls (n = 24)
	Median	25th; 75th	Median	25th; 75th
Age (years)	13.22	11.09; 14.70	12.37	9.39; 14.99
Body weight (kg)	40.90	30.45; 46.90	38.35	30.45; 48.00
Height (cm)	150.15	138.60; 160.55	148.6	133.3; 153.25
BMI (kg m^-2)	17.64	15.94; 18.83	17.98	16.48; 20.43
Arm circumference (cm)	21.05	18.62; 23.77	21.30	19.80; 25.23
Waist circumference (cm)	64.22	58.18; 68.43	62.43	57.75; 65.37
Subscapular skinfold (mm)	5.48a	5.07; 6.28	7.22	6.20; 9.18
Tricipital skinfold (mm)	7.48a	5.97; 8.83	10.48	8.80; 12.35
Abdominal skinfold (mm)	6.35a	4.92; 9.20	11.37	8.67; 14.17
Calf skinfold (mm)	6.57a	6.05; 8.20	9.43	7.40; 10.60
∑4 skinfolds	26.13a	21.83; 31.80	40.50	33.20; 46.43
TLR of skinfolds	0.86	0.75; 0.96	0.91	0.81; 0.98
Total body fat (kg)	5.89a	5.70; 8.98	9.76	6.95; 15.19
Total body fat (%)	17.1a	13.00; 20.10	27.55	23.9; 33.15
Body fat percent (escore-z)	-1.50a	-2.39; -0.46	-0.58	-1.31; 0.26
Trunk body fat (kg)	1.98a	1.74; 3.40	3.60	2.65; 5.89
Viral load (log)	1.69	1.69; 2.67	1.69	1.69; 3.14
T CD4⁺Lymphocyte (mm³)	731.50	528.5; 1134.5	787.00	547.5; 957.50
Time of HAART (years)	8.51	4.30; 11.19	9.22	6.80; 12.03
	n (%)		n (%)
Skin color
White	13 (54.16%)		14 (58.33%)
Mulatto/Black	11 (45. 83%)		10 (41.66%)
Clinical symptoms
Asymptomatic/Mild	11 (45.83%)		14 (58.33%)
Moderate/Severe	13 (54.17%)		10 (41.67%)
Immunosuppression
Absence	6 (25.0%)		3 (12.50%)
Moderate	13 (54.17%)		15 (62.50%)
Severe	5 (20.83%)		6 (25.00%)
Type of HAART
With PI;	9 (37.50%)		11 (45.83%)
Without PI	15 (62.50%)		13 (54.17%)

Variables	Total BF (kg)	Trunk BF (kg)
	Pearson's correlation coeficient (r)
Age (years)	0.50a	0.55a
Body weight (kg)	0.63a	0.68a
Height (cm)	0.44a	0.49a
BMI (kg m^-2)	0.76a	0.80a
Arm circumference (cm)	0.78a	0.70a
Waist circumference (cm)	0.51a	0.58a
Subescapular skinfold (mm)	0.87a	0.85a
Tricipital skinfold (mm)	0.72a	0.62a
Abdominal skinfold (mm)	0.80a	0.78a
Calf skinfold (mm)	0.77a	0.66a
∑4 skinfolds (mm)	0.84a	0.77a
TLR of skinfolds	0.31c	0.44c
Viral load (log)	0.17	0.11
CD4⁺Lymphocyte (cells mm^-3)	-0.33c	-0.28
Time of HAART (years)	0.20	0.27
Sex (male; female)	-0.50b	-0.45b
Skin color (white; mulatto/black)	-0.01	0.04
Clinical symptoms (asymptomatic/mild; moderate/severe)	-0.15	-0.15
Type of HAART (with PI; without PI)	-0.26	-0.23

	R ² _adjusted	SEE	RMSE	F	AIC*n	BIC’	T	VIF
Dependent variable
Total body fat (kg)

Model 1 a
Y = -10. 35622 + (subscapular skinfold * 0.6324226) + (∑4 skinfolds * 0.2356916) + (abdominal skinfold * -0.2812848) + (sex * -1.538853) + (height * 0.0664786)	0.85	1.43	1.539	50.79	172.092	-71.707	0.15	4.09

Dependent variable Trunk body fat (kg)

Model 2 a
Y = -3.000654 + (subscapular skinfold * 0.5448779) + (age * 0.2481382) + (sex * - 0.9241555)	0.80	0.49	0.982	63.80	138.38	-68.889	0.20	1.45

	Mean (SD)	Rho (p)	TE	AD
Total BF_DXA(kg)	9.225 (3.972)
Total BF_model1(kg)	8.443 (3.698)	0.93 (<0.001)	0.200	0.166

Trunk BF_DXA (kg)	3.410 (2.199)
Trunk BF_{model 2} (kg)	3.580 (1.983)	0.90 (<0.001)	0.161	0.170

Total BF_DXA (%)	22.954 (8.545)
Total BF_Lohman(%)	14.511 (5.240)a	0.43 (<0.001)	1.420	-8.443
Total BF_Slaugther(%)	14.526 (5.218)a	0.42 (<0.001)	1.182	-6.907

location_on

Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases Rua Augusto Viana, SN, 6º., 40110-060 Salvador - Bahia - Brazil, Telefax: (55 71) 3283-8172, Fax: (55 71) 3247-2756 - Salvador - BA - Brazil
E-mail: bjid@bjid.org.br

rss_feed Acompañe los números de esta revista en su lector de RSS

[TFN1] ^a
I, Intercept based on sex, age and ethnicity proposed by Lohman.¹²

[TFN2] ^b
I, Intercept substitutions based on maturation and ethnicity for boys proposed by Slaughter et al.¹³ Prediction error for these equations ranged from 3.6 to 3.9% of body fat (BF).