Development, survival and morphometric parameters of boll weevil reared in different photoperiods

Martínez, M. H. P.; Vasconcelos, E. D.; Di Stefano, J. G.; Zanuncio, J. C.; Silva, C. A. D.

doi:10.1590/1519-6984.297366

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Original Article • Braz. J. Biol. 85 • 2025 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.297366 linkcopy

Development, survival and morphometric parameters of boll weevil reared in different photoperiods

Desenvolvimento, sobrevivência e parâmetros morfométricos do bicudo-do-algodoeiro criado em diferentes fotoperíodos

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Third instar larvae of the cotton boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis (Boheman) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) are offered to the parasitoid Jaliscoa grandis Burks, 1954 (=Catolaccus grandis) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) for mass-rearing. Variations in the size of boll weevil larvae, produced on an artificial diet and reared in the laboratory, may be related to the luminosity of the environment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the development, survival, and morphometric parameters of cotton boll weevil larvae and pupae obtained from a rearing colony in the Entomology laboratory of Embrapa Algodão, fed an artificial diet under different photoperiods. The experimental design was completely randomized, with five treatments (photoperiods of 0:24, 10:14, 12:12, 14:10, and 24:0 (L:D)) and 260 replications. Each treatment consisted of 13 Petri dishes, with 20 boll weevil larvae per dish. The weight of boll weevil larvae and pupae and the duration of these stages were greater in the dark (00:24 hours) than in the other photoperiods (10:14 h, 12:12 h, 14:10 h, and 24:00 h), but survival was similar among photoperiods.

Keywords:
Anthonomus grandis grandis; biology; development period; negative phototaxis

Stages	Instars	Photoperiod (L:D)	IN	Survival	FN
Larva		00:24	20	36.67 ± 3.33 a	08
		10:14	20	35.00 ± 4.16 a	07
		12:12	20	39.67 ± 3.33 a	08
		14:10	20	39.67 ± 3.33 a	09
		24:00	20	44.33 ± 6.96 a	09
	First	00:24	20	75.00 ± 4.00 a	15
		10:14	20	49.00 ± 11.37 ab	10
		12:12	20	53.67 ± 11.10 ab	11
		14:10	20	44.33 ± 6.96 b	09
		24:00	20	64.00 ± 7.00 ab	13
	Second	00:24	20	53.33 ± 6.67 b	12
		10:14	20	100.00 ± 0.00 a	10
		12:12	20	91.67 ± 8.33 a	10
		14:10	20	100.00 ± 0.00 a	09
		24:00	20	75.76 ± 12.33 ab	10
	Third	00:24	20	70.00 ± 15.28 a	08
		10:14	20	80.00 ± 20.00 a	07
		12:12	20	86.67 ± 13.33 a	08
		14:10	20	100.00 ± 0.00 a	09
		24:00	20	93.33 ± 6.67 a	09
Pupa		00:24	20	100.00 ± 0.00 a	08
		10:14	20	100.00 ± 0.00 a	06
		12:12	20	100.00 ± 0.00 a	08
		14:10	20	100.00 ± 0.00 a	09
		24:00	20	83.33 ± 16.67 a	07

Stage	Instars	Photoperiod (L:D)	IN	Duration	NS
Larva		00:24	20	17.11 ± 0.11 a	09
		10:14	20	13.14 ± 0.55 b	07
		12:12	20	12.50 ± 0.42 bc	08
		14:10	20	12.00 ± 0.60 c	09
		24:00	20	14.00 ± 0.42 b	08
	First	00:24	20	3.00 ± 0.16 c	13
		10:14	20	5.00 ± 0.76 a	10
		12:12	20	3.82 ± 0.54 bc	11
		14:10	20	3.33 ± 0.29 bc	09
		24:00	20	4.20 ± 0.26 ab	15
	Second	00:24	20	4.40 ± 0.22 a	10
		10:14	20	4.80 ± 0.57 a	10
		12:12	20	5.60 ± 0.34 a	10
		14:10	20	3.89 ± 0.35 a	09
		24:00	20	4.75 ± 0.28 a	12
	Third	00:24	20	9.67 ± 0.17 a	09
		10:14	20	3.43 ± 0.30 c	07
		12:12	20	3.25 ± 0.54 c	08
		14:10	20	4.78 ± 0.36 bc	09
		24:00	20	5.25 ± 0.49 b	08
Pupa		00:24	20	4.71 ± 0.36 a	07
		10:14	20	4.67 ± 0.42 a	06
		12:12	20	4.88 ± 0.35 a	08
		14:10	20	5.56 ± 0.29 a	09
		24:00	20	4.88 ± 0.23 a	08

Treatment	Instar
	First		Second		Third		X̄GR 2
	HCW 1	GR	HCW	GR	HCW	GR	X̄GR 2
00:24 h	0.76 ± 0.05b	-	1.31 ± 0.03a	1.89	1.97 ± 0.09a	1.52	1.70a
10:14 h	0.90 ± 0.05a	-	1.24 ± 0.01a	1.49	1.41 ± 0.03bc	1.14	1.32bc
12:12 h	0.98 ± 0.04a	-	1.17 ± 0.01a	1.20	1.33 ± 0.01c	1.48	1.19c
14:10 h	0.99 ± 0.05a	-	1.23 ± 0.01a	1.35	1.43 ± 0.05bc	1.16	1.26c
24:00 h	0.74 ± 0.04b	-	1.26 ± 0.05a	1.80	1.64 ± 0.06b	1.39	1.57ab

Stage/instar	Photoperiod	Length (mm)	Width (mm)	Weight (mg)
Primeiro instar	00:24 h	1.99 ± 0.44d	1.06 ± 0.23c	0.002 ± 0.01d
	10:14 h	6.64 ± 0.92ab	2.41 ± 0.46a	0.021 ± 0.02a
	12:12 h	7.46 ± 0.21a	2.46 ± 0.15a	0.020 ± 0.00a
	14:10 h	4.29 ± 0.76c	1.72 ± 0.35b	0.009 ± 0.00b
	24:00 h	5.79 ± 0.81bc	2.11 ± 0.36ab	0.006 ± 0.04c
Segundo instar	00:24 h	6.51 ± 0.93a	2.29 ± 0.46a	0.009 ± 0.01c
	10:14 h	7.05 ± 0.91a	2.48 ± 0.47a	0.024 ± 0.03a
	12:12 h	7.34 ± 0.29a	2.63 ± 0.20a	0.019 ± 0.02b
	14:10 h	7.55 ± 0.42a	2.81 ± 0.15a	0.022 ± 0.00ab
	24:00 h	8.37 ± 0.47a	2.78 ± 0.28a	0.021 ± 0.01ab
Terceiro instar	00:24 h	8.19 ± 0.32a	2.97 ± 0.14a	0.022 ± 0.01a
	10:14 h	6.75 ± 0.42b	2.65 ± 0.24ab	0.019 ± 0.01b
	12:12 h	5.26 ± 0.30c	2.12 ± 0.22c	0.016 ± 0.00c
	14:10 h	7.52 ± 0.41ab	2.73 ± 0.22ab	0.021 ± 0.01a
	24:00 h	6.49 ± 0.54bc	2.46 ± 0.26bc	0.012 ± 0.03d
Pupa	00:24 h	7.81 ± 0.29a	3.38 ± 0.22a	0.021 ± 0.01a
	10:14 h	7.26 ± 0.17ab	2.91 ± 0.14b	0.019 ± 0.00ab
	12:12 h	6.91 ± 0.20c	2.61 ± 0.17c	0.019 ± 0.02b
	14:10 h	7.08 ± 0.19bc	2.66 ± 0.15c	0.021 ± 0.02a
	24:00 h	6.78 ± 0.39c	3.15 ± 0.31 ab	0.016 ± 0.02 c

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[1] Means followed by the same letter in the column within each stage or instar do not differ by Tukey's test (p≤ 0.05). Initial (IN) and final (FN) number of individuals.