Exploring the Adoption of Intraorganizational Coopetition in Competitive Environments: Implications for the Banking Sector

Bühler, Rafaela Nascimento; Borba, Darci de

doi:10.1590/1807-7692bar2024230103

person Rafaela Nascimento Bühler

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3115-5633 Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Escola de Negócios Av. Dr. Nilo Peçanha, n. 1600, Boa Vista, CEP 91330-002, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil buhlerrafaela@edu.unisinos.br · conceptualization · data curation · formal analysis · investigation · writing - original draft · writing - review & editing

schoolUniversidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Escola de Negócios, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

0000-0002-3115-5633

person Darci de Borba

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9851-5034 Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Escola de Negócios Av. Dr. Nilo Peçanha, n. 1600, Boa Vista, CEP 91330-002, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil darci17@gmail.com · conceptualization · data curation · formal analysis · methodology · writing - original draft · writing - review & editing

schoolUniversidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Escola de Negócios, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

0000-0001-9851-5034

personCorresponding author: Rafaela Nascimento Bühler Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Escola de Negócios Av. Dr. Nilo Peçanha, n. 1600, Boa Vista, CEP 91330-002, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

Editor-in-Chief:

Ivan Lapuente Garrido https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3741-7961 (Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Brazil)

Guest Editors:

Jefferson Marlon Monticelli https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1605-7090 (Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Brazil)

Emilene Leite https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2664-8350 (Örebro University School of Business, Sweden)

Adriana Fumi Chim Miki https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7685-2718 (Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Brazil)

Reviewers:

Joice Schäfer https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6779-1079 (Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil) and one anonymous reviewer.

Editorial assistants:

Eduarda Anastacio and Simone Rafael (ANPAD, Maringá, Brazil).

Concept	Definition	Reference
Competition	Understood as a situation where individuals or groups strive to achieve a goal that cannot be shared or attained by all simultaneously. It often involves efforts to outperform others in terms of performance, resource acquisition, recognition, or other relevant parameters.	(Mail et al., 2021)
Cooperation	Defined as the practice of distinct entities working together to achieve common goals. This collaboration can occur between companies, departments, or individuals, generally motivated by the understanding that working together can lead to better outcomes than working separately.	(Bouncken et al., 2015)
Coopetition	A strategic phenomenon where entities simultaneously engage in competitive and cooperative activities. This concept is primarily applied in the business and organizational context, where companies or units within the same company cooperate to achieve common goals while competing in other aspects.	(Corbo et al.,2023)
Organizational climate	Defined as employees’ perceptions of the work environment, including factors such as norms, values, interpersonal relationships, and the overall atmosphere of the organization. This perception can significantly influence knowledge management processes and overall organizational performance.	(Al Ahbabi et al., 2019)
Knowledge sharing	Involves the exchange of information, skills, and experiences among organization members. This process allows knowledge to be disseminated and effectively used within the company.	(Garcia et al., 2022)
Knowledge concealment	Refers to the practice of intentionally hiding or not sharing relevant information in an organizational setting. This action can be motivated by various factors, including the protection of personal knowledge, fear of losing competitive advantages, or distrust toward other organization members.	(Oliveira et al., 2021)

ID ^*1	Age	Sex	Position	Field of Study	Level of Education	Years in Position	Years at Firm	Un^*2	Sub^*1
E1	41	M	General Manager	Human Resource Management	Bachelor’s Degree	4	14	S	7
E2	39	F	Market Manager	Accounting	Postgraduate	5	16	L	14
E3	55	M	General Manager	Administration	Postgraduate	14	34	M	18
E4	35	M	Supervisor	Physical Education	Postgraduate	4	10	M	3
E5	40	F	Assistant Manager	Administration	Postgraduate	10	18	M	11
E6	32	M	General Manager	Administration	Master’s Degree	8	12	L	25
E7	43	F	Assistant Manager	Administration and Law	Master’s Degree	1	15	S	5
E8	33	F	Supervisor	Accounting	Postgraduate	1	10	REG	2
E9	58	M	Superintendent	Economics and Finance	Doctorate	3	20	REG	64
E10	38	M	Commercial Manager	Financial Management	Postgraduate	1	14	REG	13

Cooperation	Reference
1. Considering the concept of intraorganizational cooperation, in which situations do you understand that the units cooperate? 2. What motivates cooperation? 3. Do you believe that cooperation is encouraged by the organization, superintendency, or managers? Why? 4. What outcomes do you believe result from cooperation?	(Bouncken et al., 2015; Estrada et al., 2016; Shvindina, 2019)
Competition	Reference
5. Considering the concept of intraorganizational competition, in which situations do you understand that the units compete? 6. What motivates competition? 7. Do you believe that competition is stimulated by the organization, superintendency, or managers? Why? 8. What outcomes do you believe result from competition?	(Baierl et al., 2016; Bouncken et al., 2015; Tsai, 2002)
Coopetition	Reference
9. How do you evaluate the possible coexistence of cooperation and competition? And what outcomes could be observed?	(Bouncken et al., 2015)

Category	Initial category	Final category
Cooperation	Advantages, Stimulus, Motivation, Barriers	Knowledge sharing, Formal channels, Individual initiative, Company performance, Internal competition, Lack of space in the group
Competition	Result, Stimulus, Motivation, Perception, Barriers	Healthy competition, Better performance, Internal competition, Lack of equity, Awards, Career growth, Knowledge hiding, Discredit due to lack of results, Formal channels, Equity in competition, Overcoming results, Lack of space in the company
Coopetition	Perception, Stimulus, Motivation, Result	Greater satisfaction and balance, Better company performance, Financial return, Group results

Competition practices	Barriers	Stimulus	Outcome	Advantages
Internal competition		x		x
Professional growth		x		x
Company culture		x
Discredit for lack of results	x	x	x
Demotivation	x		x
Manager incentive	x	x
Awards		x	x
Recognition		x	x
Financial return		x	x
Company outcome			x	x
Cooperation practices	Barriers	Stimulus	Outcome	Advantages
Favorable organizational climate		x	x
Knowledge sharing		x	x	x
Lack of company incentive	x
Lack of standardization	x
Superintendency incentive	x	x
Manager incentive	x	x
Professional profile	x	x
Networking (Relationships)		x
Knowledge hiding	x
Recognition	x	x
Company outcome		x	x
Coopetition practices	Barriers	Stimulus	Outcome	Advantages
Collaborative environment		x	x	x
Knowledge sharing		x	x	x
Trust in partners	x	x
Greater results for the company		x	x	x

[TFN1] Note. Source: Elaborated by the authors based on the literature.