Unstressed vowels; Vowel raising; Variation; History of Portuguese
ORIGINAL ARTICLES • Alfa, Rev. Linguíst 61
(1)
• Jan-Apr 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-5794-1704-7 linkcopy
THE UNSTRESSED VOCALISM IN THE HISTORY OF PORTUGUESE
Authorship
person Juliana Simões FONTE
1
It is worth highlighting that it relates to a neutralization of the opposition, that is, of the distinction among vowels, and not an elimination of vowels in the passage from a (stressed) system to another (unstressed) system. And this explains why unstressed subsystems proposed by Câmara Jr. (2007 [1970]) also comprise current BP variation (including those lower and upper-mid vowels in pretonic position), as we will see below.
schoolPost-doctoral researcher. UNESP – Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”. Faculdade de Ciências e Letras – Departamento de Linguística. Araraquara – SP – Brazil. 14800-901. jujufonte@yahoo.com.brPost-doctoral researcher. UNESP – Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”. Faculdade de Ciências e Letras – Departamento de Linguística. Araraquara – SP – Brazil. 14800-901. jujufonte@yahoo.com.brBrazilAraraquara, SP, BrazilPost-doctoral researcher. UNESP – Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”. Faculdade de Ciências e Letras – Departamento de Linguística. Araraquara – SP – Brazil. 14800-901. jujufonte@yahoo.com.br
SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS
Post-doctoral researcher. UNESP – Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”. Faculdade de Ciências e Letras – Departamento de Linguística. Araraquara – SP – Brazil. 14800-901. jujufonte@yahoo.com.brPost-doctoral researcher. UNESP – Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”. Faculdade de Ciências e Letras – Departamento de Linguística. Araraquara – SP – Brazil. 14800-901. jujufonte@yahoo.com.brBrazilAraraquara, SP, BrazilPost-doctoral researcher. UNESP – Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”. Faculdade de Ciências e Letras – Departamento de Linguística. Araraquara – SP – Brazil. 14800-901. jujufonte@yahoo.com.br
Tables
table_chart(01)
| comedir (CSM 115, 126, 143, 154, 295, 401) | comidir (CSM 423) | [to moderate] |
| consentir (CSM 14, 64) | consintir (CSM 281) | [to consent] |
| ferir (CSM 12, 31, 35, 47, 239) | firir (CSM 31 To, 59 To, 63 To) | [to hurt] |
| pedir (CSM 21, 22, 44, 64, 98) | pidir (CSM 44 To, 98 To, 401) | [to ask] |
| repentir “arrepender-se” (CSM 10, 94, 204, 390) | repintir (CSM 98 To) | [to repent] |
| crerezia “clerezia” (CSM 11, 115, 125, 208, 253, 405) | crerizia (CSM 66, 285) | [clergy] |
| eregia “heresia” (CSM 15 T, 18) | erigia (CSM 15 E, To) | [heresy] |
| ferida (CSM 15, 22, 28, 35, 38, 84, 141, 159) | firida (CSM 28 To, 63 To, 84 To) | [wound] |
| menina (CSM 79, 84, 94, 122, 132, 133, 180 T, 195, 378) | minina (CSM 180, 317, 285, 321) | [girl] |
| menino (CSM 4, 5, 6, 21, 23, 53 T, 138 T, 215, 269, 378) | minino (CSM 53, 115, 149, 323, 393, 403, 406) | [boy] |
table_chart(02)
| descobrir (CSM 93, 97, 115, 131, 149, 151, 159, 299, 316, 404, 405, 410) | descubrir (CSM 316 F) | [to discover] |
| nozir “prejudicar” (CSM 109, 134, 193) | nuzir (CSM 5, 190) | [to harm] |
table_chart(03)
| arcediago (CSM 202 F, 204) | arcidiago (CSM 202) | [archdeacon] |
| avezimao “infeliz” (CSM 346) | avizimao (CSM 127, 329) | [unhappy] |
| nemigalla “nada” (CSM 65, 95, 117, 132, 178) | nimigalla (CSM 65 To, 75 E, To; 253 E) | [nothing] |
| pepion “antiga moeda de Castela” (CSM 85 T, 102, 145, 305) | pipion (CSM 85 E) | [Old currency in Castile] |
| petiçon “petição, pedido” (CSM 146, 265, 305, 386, 401) | pitiçon (CSM 146 T, 401 To) | [petition/request] |
| preguiçoso (CSM 37, 69, 171) | priguiçoso (CSM 363) | [lazy] |
table_chart(04)
| pennor “penhor” (CSM 25, 62, 305, 369) | pinnor (CSM 62 T, To) | [pledge] |
table_chart(05)
| jogar (CSM 6, 42, 136, 154, 156, 163, 254, 401) | jugar (CSM 174 E) | [to play] |
| coberto (CSM 28, 69, 154, 208, 318, 406) | cuberto (CSM 65, 208 F) | [covered] |
| encoberto (CSM 401 To) | encuberto (CSM 194, 401) | [covered] |
table_chart(06)
| espedio “despediu” (p.48, III) | espidio (p.90, III) | [she/he dismissed] |
| pedir (p.149, I; p.371, 458, II; p.77, 288, 314, III; p.28, 71, 85, 86, 112, 159, 203, 221, 236, 245, 256, 286, 311, 313, 327, 336, IV) | pidir (p.235, 299, 301, 305, II; 178, IV) | [to ask] |
| queria (p.141, 143, 144, I; p.458, II; p.87, 213, 231, 313, 348, III; p.105, 115, 137, 138, 158, 176, 192, 229, 235, 243, 249, 290, 303, 318, IV) | quiria (p.214, 245, II) | [he/it wanted] |
| seguir (p.74, 76, 92, 94, 154, I; p.311, 390, 398, II; p.161, 212, III; p.18, 30, 54, 70, 124, 136, 151, 218, 287, IV) | siguir (p.487, I; 243, II; 88, 91, 100, III) | [to follow] |
| sentir (p.75, 77, 80, 84, 105, 132, 141, 143, 145, 150, I; p.63, 68, 170, 174, 234, 248, 350, 357, 373, 412, 417, 448, 463, 468, II; p.7, 13, 42, 58, 63, 114, 117, 123, 124, 131, 144, 149, 164, 183, 193, 211, 290, 301, 352, III; p.3, 12, 15, 16, 36, 42, 58, 82, 87, 92, 95, 105, 113, 117, 122, 130, 143, 147, 233, 236, 245, 253, 290, 297, 302, 319, 321, IV) | sintir (p.180, I; p.65, 68, 131, 170, 211, 223, 228, 235, 244, 245, 256, 346, II) | [to feel] |
| servir (p.14, 80, 81, 85, 92, 93, 121, 141, 143, I; p.417, II; p.163, 176, 191, 213, 277, 287, 290, 304, III; p.26, 34, 81, 84, 86, 117, 119, 124, 130, 156, 159, 192, 230, 234, 236, 245, 248, 256, 264, 279, 285, 287, 292, 294, 299, 301, 321, 327, IV) | sirvir (p.488, I) | [to serve] |
| escrivi (p.305, II) | [I wrote] | |
| escrivia (p.416, II) | [I wrote] | |
| impidir (p.416, II) | [to prevent] | |
| repitir (p.50, II) | [to repeat] | |
| enliços (p.214, I) | inliço (p.214, I) | [tangle] |
| esprito (p.63, 268, 272, 405, II; p.108, 111, 151, 172, 336, IV) | Isprito (p.211, IV) | [spirit] |
| fantesia (p.19, 303, 383, 401, 436, I; p.56, 144, 174, 177, 221, 235, 238, 318, 325, 333, 344, 367, 410, 418, 443, 451, 454, 472, II; p.14, 118, 122, 147, 160, 169, 231, 232, 241, 255, III; p.6, 21, 57, 91, 129, 213, 243, 294, 336, IV) | fantisia (p.156, IV) | [fantasy] |
| medida (p.18, 27, 46, 300, 325, 339, IV) | midida (p.211, II) | [measure] |
| menina (p.78, 302, IV) | mininas (p.128, III) | [girls] |
| mentira (p.67, 205, 298, 435, I; 17, 52, 452, 454, II; p.3, 24, III; p.136, 335, IV) | mintiras (p.203, III; p.104, IV) | [lies] |
| metido (p.62, 88, I; p.413, II; p.4, 355, 381, III; p.179, IV) | mitido (p.270, II) | [involved] |
| mezquinho (p.215, III; p.163, 276, IV) mezquinhos (p.204, I) | mizquinho (p.272, I) | [stingy] |
| pedido (p.95, I; p.347, III) | pidido (p.272, II) | [request] |
| pedidos (p.161, I; p.51, IV) | pididos (p.222, IV) | [requests] |
| sentidos (p.154, I; p.245, 246, II; p.63, 99, III; p.46, 246, 253, 255, IV) | sintidos (p.210, II) | [senses] |
| biliz “beliz” (p.222, IV) | [wily] | |
| bixigas (p.179, I) | [bladders] | |
| mindigo (p.214, IV) | [beggar] | |
| pipino (p.309, II) | [cucumber] | |
| repitida (p.219, II) | [repeated] | |
| siguinte (p.301, II) | [following] | |
table_chart(07)
| mesura (p.184, I; p.233, 260, IV) | misura (p.320, I) | [curtsy] |
| progenitura (p.355, II) | proginitura (p.378, II) | [progeny] |
| vestiduras (p.101, III) | vistidura (p.365, III) | [vesture] |
table_chart(08)
| encobrir (p.81, 152, 429, I; p.50, 412, 436, 438, II; p.11, 21, 131, 158, 163, 167, III; p.12, 28, 52, 249, 295, IV) | encubrir (p.183, III; p.96, IV) | [to cover] |
| chuvia (p.424, II) | [it was raining] | |
| pussuir (p.324, I) | [to possess] | |
| corisco (p.209, II) | curiscos (p.220, 317, I) | [spark] |
| focinho (p.212, 258, I) | fucinhos (p.220, III) | [snout] |
| durido (p.250, II) | [sore] | |
| lijunjaria “lisonjaria” (p.237, II) | [flattery] | |
| pulicia (p.209, I) | [police] | |
| assuvios (p.106, I) | [whistles] | |
table_chart(09)
| cobertura (p.183, 259, I) | cubertura (p.239, III) | [covering] |
| costumes (p.79, III) | custumes (p.283, 391, II; p.120, IV) | [customs] |
| doçuras (p.318, 357, II) | duçura (p.310, 315, 359, I; p.16, II; p.270, III; p.191, IV) duçuras (p.85, I; p.26, 120, III) | [sweetness] |
| fortuna (p.169, 322, 323, 324, 350, 422, I; p.215, 227, 253, 266, 391, 430, 437, II; p.4, 6, 12, 68, 89, 186, III; p.54, 106, 252, 302, IV) | furtuna (p.76, II; p.182, 252, IV) | [fortune] |
| monturo (p.208, I) | munturo (p.309, II) | [dump] |
| budum (p.309, II) | [stink] | |
| apustura “compostura” (p.251, II) | [composure] | |
| cumpustura (p.133, I) | [composure] | |
| rebuludo (p.337, IV) | [plump] | |
table_chart(10)
| competidor (p.155, III) | compitidor (p.24, II) | [competitor] |
| mentirosos (p.76, III) | mintiroso (p.410, II) | [liar] |
| nemigalha “nada” (p.306, 435, 473, I; p.34, 38, II; p.32, 214, 288, III; p.90, 170, IV) | nimigalha (p.193, IV) | [nothing] |
| sentimento (p.93, 101, I; p.36, III) | sintimento (p.234, II) sintimentos (p.246, II;) | [feeling] |
| cirimonia (p.218, II) | [ceremony] | |
| cirmonias (p.429, II) | [ceremonies] | |
| dilicada (p.191, IV) | [delicate] | |
| dirivados (p.212, I) | [derivative] | |
| livianas (p.446, II) | [frivolous] | |
| livindade (p.63, III) | [levity] | |
| mixilhão (p.473, I) | [mussel] | |
| mixilhoa “mexerico” (p.201, III) | [gossip] | |
| persiguidores (p.240, II) | [persecutors] | |
| anticiparam (p.70, III) | [they anticipated] | |
| entristicer (p.107, IV) | [to sadden] | |
| vivirá (p.271, I) | [she will live] | |
| vivirei (p.79, 339, II; p.93, 119, IV) | [I will live] | |
| vivireis (p.85, III) | [you will live] | |
table_chart(11)
| procurar (p.68, I) | prucurar (p.40, I) | [to search] |
| acustumar (p.101, III) | [to accustom] | |
| custumar (p.402, III; p.266, IV) | [to custom] | |
| cogumelos (p.337, IV) | cugumelo (p.273, IV) | [mushroom] |
| costumado (p.389, III) | acustumado (p.128, II) | [accustomed] |
| portugueses (p.198, II) | purtugues (p.235, III) | [Portuguese] |
| acustumada (p.191, IV) | [accustomed] | |
| cumunal (p.124, III) | [communal] | |
| custureiro (p.45, II) | [couturier] | |
| custureiros (p.222, III) | [couturiers] | |
| custumada (p.236, II) | [accustomed] | |
| desacustumada (p.128, II) | [unaccustomed] | |
table_chart(12)
| envidar (p.315, III; p.284, IV) | invidar (p.336, III) | [to make] |
| insinar (p.364, I) | [to teach] | |
table_chart(13)
| istenso “extenso” (p.267, II) | [extensive] |
table_chart(14)
| desfavores (p.106, 122, 124, 153, I; p.82, 122, 161, IV) | disfavores (p.99, 106, I) |
table_chart(14)
| desfavores (p.106, 122, 124, 153, I; p.82, 122, 161, IV) | disfavores (p.99, 106, I) | [disfavor] |
table_chart(15)
| ensandecer (p.20, I; 174, III; p.59, 297, IV) | ensandicer (p.31, I) | [to go mad] |
| bocijar (p.71, I) | [to yawn] | |
| divera “deveria” (p.13, 185, II; 104, III) | [I should] | |
| sequer (p.24, 308, 400, I; 19, 88, II) | siquer (p.202, III) | [not even] |
| cacireiro “carcereiro” (p.99, IV) | [prison officer] | |
| liam (p.318, II; p.398, III; p.169, IV) | [lion] | |
| lião (p.376, 380, 382, 387, 388, 389, 467, II) | [lion] | |
| lioa (p.282, III; p.331, IV) | [lioness] | |
| liões (p.302, 378, 379, 381, I) | [lions] | |
| liõoes (p.334, IV) | [lions] | |
| liõoes (p.327, I) | [lions] | |
| liõos (p.150, IV) | [lions] | |
| lionado (p.84, IV) | [tawny] | |
| melhor (p.161, 324, 470, I; p.140, 195, 196, 228, 354, 419, 421, 422, 429, II; p.24, 29, 189, 237, 272, III; p.7, 8, 13, 286, 289, 296, 309, 327, 331, IV) | milhor (p.21, 34, 63, 105, 124, 125, 141, 169, 174, 181, 182, 190, 205, 221, 280, 282, 285, 367, 380, 382, 391, 417, 418, 424, 426, 472, 473, 488, 489, I; p.12, 39, 53, 79, 149, 170, 186, 187, 190, 192, 218, 244, 247, 267, 312, 329, 346, 350, 356, 459, 472, II; p.26, 51, 90, 103, 108, 118, 129, 137, 143, 151, 164, 169, 174, 177, 178, 206, 217, 236, 251, 281, 294, 314, 318, 326, 351, 359, 368, 384, 392, III; p.11, 31, 91, 94, 101, 102, 103, 123, 136, 167, 169, 225, 242, 243, 280, 296, IV) | [better/best] |
| melhores (p.150, 461, 469, I) | milhores (p.174, I; p.314, II; p.356, III) | [better/best] |
| rendeiro (p.370, II; p.377, III) | rindeiros (p.233, III) | [who receives income] |
| bisouro (p.338, IV) | [beetle] | |
| Marichal (p.29, 259, III) | [marshal] | |
| ninhu) (p.376, III) | [none] | |
| pineira “peneira” (p.435, I) | [sieve] | |
| pirnalta (p.366, III) | [leggy] | |
table_chart(16)
| joelhos (p.493, I) | juelhos (p.35, II) | [knees] |
| fogueira (p.382-383, III) | fugueiras (p.330, I) | [bonfire] |
| muela (p.110, 198, III) | [gizzard] | |
| pumar (p.294, I) | [orchard] | |
| coitado (p.104, 146, I) | cuitado (p.200, II) | [suffering] |
| cuberta (p.174, 192, 271, I; p.224, III) | [covered] | |
| cubertas (p.345, I; p.32, 247, 397, II) | [covered] | |
| cuberto (p.167, 347, I; p.42, 249, 406, II) | [covered] | |
| cubeertos (p.275, IV) | [covered] | |
| cubertos (p.332, II; p. 97, III) | [covered] | |
| descuberta (p.371, 385, I; 326, 438, II; p.45, IV) | [uncovered] | |
| descubertas (p.345, 405, I; p.217, II; p.74, III) | [uncovered] | |
| descuberto (p.81, 213, 400, I; p.136, 436, 461, II; p.361, III; p.12, 52, 153, IV) | [uncovered] | |
| descubertos (p.332, II) | [uncovered] | |
| encuberta (p.350, 371, I; p.150, II; p.59, IV) | [covered] | |
| encubertas (p.153, I; p.136, 146, II) | [covered] | |
| encuberto (p.143, 286, 296, I; p.189, II) | [covered] | |
| encubertos (p.326, II; p.18, III; p.114, IV) | [covered] | |
| regurosos “rigoroso” (p.419, I) | [rigorous] | |
| jugar “jogar” (p.149, 150, 169, 170, 297, 303, I; 452, II; p.18, 78, 329, III; p.3, 172, IV) | [to play] | |
| jugatar (p.301, I) | [to joke] | |
| juguetar (p.382, III) | [to joke] | |
| jugador (p.18, III) | [player] | |
| jugadores (p.311, I) | [players] | |
| juguetador (p.298, I) | [joker] | |
| juguetas (p.83, IV) | [joker] | |
table_chart(17)
| sentir (I-15; II-15, 66; III-65, 66, 141; IV-14, 29, 36; V-58, VI-31, 36; VIII-35, 58; IX-48; X-12, 33, 36, 48) | sintir (V-52) | [to feel] |
| difirir (I-30; VIII-80) | [to differ] | |
| devida (I-56) | divido (III-1; VI-55) | [due] |
| embebidos (X-24) | embibidos (V-90) | [soaked] |
| perigo (I-43; II-14, 27, 28, 30, 44; III-21; IV-8, 29, 80, 101; V-43; VII-2, 39; VIII-48, 85) | pirigos (VIII-89) | [danger] |
| Sevilha (III-75; VIII-24) | Sivilha (IV-46) | [Seville] |
| gingivas (V-81) | [gums] | |
| minina (III-134; IV-3) | [girl] | |
| minino (II-36, 43; III-125; IV-92; IX-30, 35) | [boy] | |
| niquicia “nequícia” (VIII-65) | [malice] | |
| Apinino “Apenino” (III-15) | [Apennines] | |
| Cyfisia “cefísio” (IX-60) | [Cephissian] | |
| Cizimbra “Sesimbra” (III-65) | [Sesimbra] | |
| Hircinia “Hercínia” (III-11) | [Hercynian] | |
table_chart(18)
| descobrir (I-43, 103; IV-6; V-4, 44; VIII-70, 71, 72; IX-40, 69, 86; X-52, 140) | descubrir (V-25; VI-26) | [to discover] |
| sorrir (V-35) | surrir (IX-70) | [to smile] |
| cubrir (II-15; VII-37) | [to cover] | |
| engulir (VI-97) | [to swallow] | |
| cobiça (VII-2, 11; VIII-59, 77; IX-93) | cubiça (III-32; IV-95; X-55, 58, 145) | [covetousness] |
| homicida (X-115) | humicidas (III-136) | [homicidal] |
| insuffridas (V-43) | [not suffered] | |
| insufribil (I-65) | [insufferable] | |
table_chart(19)
| costume (I-45; II-81, 94, 110; III-13, 96; IV-65; V-2, 98; VII-15, 41, 44, 58, 66; X-91) | custume (V-1; VIII-42; X-68, 139) | [custom] |
table_chart(20)
| derivar (X-99) | dirivar (III-21; IV-8; IX-54; X-67) | [to derive] |
| viverão (II-103; VI-78) | vivirão (II-105) | [they will live] |
| mentirosas (I-11) | mintirosa (IX-44) | [liar] |
| diclinada (II-98) | [declined] | |
| misilhões “mexilhões” (VI-17) | [mussels] | |
table_chart(21)
| cobiçoso (III-76; IV-44, 81; VIII-96; IX-72) | cubiçosos (IX-66) | [covetous] |
| descobridor (VIII-37, 57) | descubridores (IX-1) | [discoverer] |
| cubiçadas (II-80) | [coveted] | |
| ruciada “rociada” (IX-62) | [sprayed] | |
table_chart(22)
| costumar (I-18, 58; II-20; III-4) | custumar (X-122) | [to custom] |
| costumado (II-57; III-93; IV-45) | custumado (IV-93) | [accustomed] |
| costumada (II-18; III-81; IV-56) |
table_chart(23)
| enfiar (VI-98) | infiar (VI-87) | [to thread] |
| ensinar (I-71, 97; II-78; III-1) | insinar (I-53; II-70; III-120, 140; VI-33; VII-37; VIII-79; IX-27; X-83, 84, 109, 112, 118) | [to teach] |
| incurtar (IX-20) | [to shorten] | |
| engenho (I-2, 4; III-13, 14; IV-102; V-17, 98; VII-82; VIII-2, 71, 89; X-9, 19, 80, 82, 110, 145, 154) | ingenho (V-98) | [ingenuity] |
| infiado (I-37; II-49) | [threaded] | |
table_chart(24)
| bocijar (VI-39) | [to yawn] | |
| leoneses (VIII-9) | liones (III-70, 89; IV-8) | [Leones] |
| cigueira (V-54) | [blindness] | |
| lião (I-68; III-129; IV-34, 80; X-43, 69, 147) | [lion] | |
| Lião (III-19, 70; VI-56) | [Leon] | |
| lioa (IV-36; V-12) | [lioness] | |
| melhormente (IX-12) | milhor (I-77; II-46; III-18; IV-103; V-34, 35; VI-40; VII-16; VIII-52, 85; IX-8, 10, 12, 58, 93; X-95, 97, 114, 121) | [better/best] |
| pelouros (X-35, 38) | pilouro (I-67; VI-98; X-31, 43, 147) | [an old bullet type] |
table_chart(25)
| cuberto (I-19, 105; VI-18, 39; X-63) descuberta (IV-63; IX-65) descuberto (I-105; II-30; V-14, 32, 65; VI-9, 50, 86; VIII-56, 86) | [covered] [uncovered] [uncovered] |
| encuberta (VIII-55; X-69) | [covered] |
| reguroso (III-137) | [rigorous] |
| rigurosos (III-125) | [rigorous] |
| rigurosas (X-149) | [rigorous] |
table_chart(26)
| dixe “disse” (CSM 55, 125, 144, 233, 238) | dixi (CSM 196) | [he/she said] |
| diste “deste” (CSM 105) | disti (CSM 40) | [you gave] |
| feziste “fizeste” (CSM 6, 14, 32, 75, 84) | fezisti (CSM 40) | [you made] |
| ouve “houve” (CSM 1, 2, 4, 5, 7) | ouvi (CSM 25, 38) | [there was] |
| ouviste “houveste” (CSM 241, 350, 420, 422) | ouvisti (CSM 40) | [you had] |
table_chart(27)
| sangue (CSM 38 T To, 73, 104, 133, 149) | sangui (CSM 38 E, 101, 104, 154, 222) | [blood] |
table_chart(28)
| dizi (p.97, III) | [you say] | |
| Quase (p.203, IV) | quasi (p.227, 230, 234, 284, 334, 427, I; p.7, 217, 248, 397, 400, 401, 405, 471, II; p.1, 65, 80, 96, 216, 255, 316, 379, III) | [almost] |
table_chart(29)
| Tigre (IV-64) | Tigris (X-102) | [Tiger] |
| quasi (I-10, 77, 79; II-63; III-20) | [almost] | |
How to cite
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Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho
Rua Quirino de Andrade, 215, 01049-010 São Paulo - SP, Tel. (55 11) 5627-0233 -
São Paulo -
SP -
Brazil
E-mail: alfa@unesp.br
E-mail: alfa@unesp.br
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