OCCURRENCE OF PRATYLENCHUS VULNUS ON ROSE IN MINAS GERAIS STATE, BRAZILABSTRACT
The occurrence of Pratylenchus vulnus is reported on roses growing in greenhouses in Itapeva, Minas Gerais State, Brazil The infested plants exhibited poor root and shoot growth, and chlorotic leaves. This is the first report of P. vulnus infesting roses in the Brazil.
KEY WORDS:
Plant parasitic nematode; Pratylenchus vulnus; Rosa spp.; occurrence.
RESUMO
É relatada a ocorrência de Pratylenchus vulnus em roseiras (Rosa spp.) cultivadas em casas de vegetação no município de Itapeva, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Amostras de plantas com reduzido desenvolvimento e clorose nas folhas, submetidas a análise nematológica, apresentaram 544 espécimes do nematóide (juvenis, fêmeas e machos) por grama de raízes e 476 por 250cm 3 de solo da rizosfera. Este é o primeiro relato da ocorrência desse nematóide em roseiras no Brasil.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE:
Nematóide; Pratylenchus vulnus; Rosa spp.; ocorrência.
The rose (Rosa spp.) is the most popular garden plant, and the most cultivated cut flower in greenhouses. Plant parasitic nematodes are major rose pest in the United States of America, England, Denmark, Japan, and India (HORST, 1983).
Rose cv. Veronica plan ts grafted on Rosa multiflora, in greenhouses previously cultivated with raspberry in Itapeva (altitude of 989m), Minas Gerais State, Brazil, showed poor root development and chlorotic leaves, and dicl not respond to fertilization. Samples of roots and rhizosphere soil of those plants were processed for nematode using a blender-centrifugal-flotation technique (COOLEN & D'HERDE, 1972) anda centrifugal-flotation technique (JENKINS, 1964), respectively. Toe exam showed the occurrence of Pratylenchus vulnusALLEN & JENSEN, 1951 (544 motile stages per gram of roots and 476 per 250cm3 of soil). Specimens were mounted in temporary slides and morphological characters were measured, there being obtained the following values, in micrometers: Females (n = 5): L = 733.5 (597.9 - 809.3); a = 31.9 (28.5 - 36.7); b' = 6.7 (4.4 - 11.3); e= 23.7 (19.9 - 30.3); e'= 2.3 (2.1-2.5); V%= 79.1 (76.1 - 81.0); St = 15.5 (14.0 -17.1); and PUS= 48.1 (31.1 - 69.4). Males (n = 3): L = 656.4 (567.0 - 799.0); a= 39.1 (33.2 - 46.7); b' = 5.2 (4.2 - 6.4); e= 21.5 (12.9 - 29.7); e'= 2.4 (2.3 - 2.4); St = 14.2 (13.0 - 15.5); gub. = 5.7 (5.2 - 6.2); and spic = 17.1 (15.5 - 18.7). The nematodes showed heads with 3 or 4 annules, and termini bluntly pointed to narrowly rounded. Females with spermatheca filled with sperm, PUS long and differentiated. These results are in accordance with ALLEN & JENSEN (1951) and ROMÁN & HIRSCHMANN (1969).
ln Brazil, this nematode was already found in peaches (LORDELLO, 1973a), strawberries (LORDELLO, 1973b) and raspberries (MONTEIRO & LORDELLO, 1976). Pratylenchus vulnus is parasitic to more than 80 botanical species, mainly perennial plants (CORBETI, 1974). This is the first report of this nematode species attacking rases in the Brazil.
Pratylenchus vulnus reduces growth, decreases the flower praduction, and causes severe decline of rases: 45 P. vulnus per liter of soil damage to the rases (plants are stunted and chloratic) (LEHMAN, 1982; SHER, 1957).
ln Brazil already exist reports of the occurrence of Aphelenchoides sp., Basiria sp., Criconemella onoensis, Ditylenchus sp., Pratylenchus sp., and Helicotylenchus sp., in Minas Gerais State (FERRZ, 1980), Meloidogyne sp. (FREIRE & PONTE, 1976), Tylenchus sp., and Helicotylenchus dihystera (SHARMA, 1977) in Bahia State and M. arenaria, M. hapla, M. javanica, and Paratrichodorus sp. in São Paulo State (SILVEIRA et al., 1986) associated to Rosa spp.
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