A literature review on the ambient and post-fire behavior of load transfer mechanisms in columns

Uma revisão da literatura sobre o comportamento em temperatura ambiente e pós-incêndio dos mecanismos de transferência de carga em pilares

The definition of load transfer mechanisms between beams and columns remains one of the main challenges in developing composite and hybrid structural systems. Although conventional shear connectors such as headed studs are well established, alternative devices like composite dowels have recently gained attention for their constructive efficiency. However, research on the post-fire behavior of shear connectors remains limited. Assessing these parameters is essential for optimizing repair interventions in fire-damaged buildings. Therefore, this study reviews the main parameters influencing the performance of shear connectors under ambient and post-fire conditions, with emphasis on composite dowels. The research methodology involved a systematic search of the Scopus, Compendex, and Web of Science databases using specific keywords related to post-fire shear connector performance. Only studies that directly investigated connector behavior after fire exposure and cooling were selected. Additionally, a concise review of the residual properties of steel and concrete is presented. The results aim to identify possible post-fire failure mechanisms and provide guidance for the assessment of load transfer mechanisms in fire-damaged columns.

Keywords
Load transfer; Shear connectors; Fire; Composite steel and concrete structures