Hydrogen sulfide: a new endogenous player in an old mechanism of plant tolerance to high salinity

da-Silva, Cristiane J.; Modolo, Luzia V.

doi:10.1590/0102-33062017abb0229

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Review • Acta Bot. Bras. 32 (01) • Jan-Mar 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-33062017abb0229 linkcopy

Hydrogen sulfide: a new endogenous player in an old mechanism of plant tolerance to high salinity

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High salinity affects plants due to stimulation of osmotic stress. Cell signaling triggered by nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) activates a cascade of biochemical events that culminate in plant tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses. For instance, the NO/H₂S-stimulated biochemical events that occur in plants during response to high salinity include the control of reactive oxygen species, activation of antioxidant system, accumulation of osmoprotectants in cytosol, induction of K⁺ uptake and Na⁺ cell extrusion or its vacuolar compartmentation among others. This review is a compilation of what we have learned in the last 10 years about NO participation during cell signaling in response to high salinity as well as the role of H₂S, a new player in the mechanism of plant tolerance to salt stress. The main sources of NO and H₂S in plant cells is also discussed together with the evidence of interplay between both signaling molecules during response to stress.

Keywords
abiotic stress; cell signaling; hydrogen sulfide; nitric oxide; NO and H₂S biosynthesis; salt stress

NO effect	Plant species
Activation of antioxidant system	Aegiceras corniculatum (Chen et al. 2014) Cucumis sativus (Fan et al. 2007) Cynodon dactylon (Liu et al. 2016) Glycine max (Simaei et al. 2012) Gossypium hirsutum (Dong et al. 2014) Helianthus annuus (Arora & Bhatla 2015; Kaur & Bhatla 2016) Hordeum vulgare (Li et al. 2008) Nicotiana tabacum (da-Silva et al. 2017) Solanum lycopersicum (Manai et al. 2014) Spinacia oleracea (Du et al. 2015) Triticum aestivum (Zheng et al. 2008; Hasanuzzaman et al. 2011)
Increase of K⁺/Na⁺ ratio	Avicennia marina (Chen et al. 2010) Cucumis sativus (Shi et al. 2007) Cynodon dactylon (Liu et al. 2016) Gossypium hirsutum (Liu et al. 2013; Kong et al. 2016) Kandelia obovata (Lang et al. 2014) Aegiceras corniculatum (Lang et al. 2014) Limonium bicolor (Ding et al. 2013) Populus euphratica (Zhang et al. 2007) Triticum aestivum (Tian et al. 2015)
Induction of osmoregulators accumulation	Brassica juncea (Zeng et al. 2011; Khan et al. 2012) Cicer arietinum (Ahmad et al. 2016) Cucumis sativus (Fan et al. 2013) Gossypium hirsutum (Liu et al. 2013) Lycopersicom esculentum (Wu et al. 2011) Solanum lycopersicum (Hayat et al. 2012) Triticum aestivum (Tian et al. 2015)
Induction of polyamines accumulation	Cucumis sativus (Fan et al. 2013)
Protection of photosynthetic apparatus	Brassica juncea (Fatma et al. 2016) Cicer arietinum (Ahmad et al. 2016) Fragaria × ananassa (Christou et al. 2014) Gossypium hirsutum (Kong et al. 2016) Medicago truncatula (Jian et al. 2016)
Stimulation of seed germination	Arabidopisis thaliana (Zhao et al. 2007) Triticum aestivum (Zheng et al. 2008) Zea mays (Bai et al. 2011)
Stimulation of plant growth	Arabidopisis thaliana (Liu et al. 2015) Glycine max (Egbichi et al. 2014; Vaishnav et al. 2016) Gossypium hirsutum (Liu et al. 2014)

H₂ S effect	Plant species
Activation of antioxidant system	Cucumis sativus (Yu et al. 2013; Sun & Luo 2014) Cynodon dactylon (Shi et al. 2013) Fragaria × ananassa (Christou et al. 2013) Medicago sativa (Wang et al. 2012; Lai et al. 2014) Nicotiana tabacum (da-Silva et al. 2017) Oryza sativa (Mostofa et al. 2015) *Triticum aestivum (Khan et al. 2017) Zea mays (Shan et al. 2014)
Increase of K⁺/Na⁺ ratio	Fragaria × ananassa (Christou et al. 2013) Hordeum vulgare (Chen et al. 2015) Medicago sativa (Lai et al. 2014) Triticum aestivum (Deng et al. 2016)
Protection of photosynthetic apparatus	Fragaria × ananassa (Christou et al. 2013) Oryza sativa (Mostofa et al. 2015)
Stimulation of seed germination and plant growth	Arabidopsis thaliana (Li et al. 2014) Cucumis sativus (Sun & Luo 2014) Cynodon dactylon (Shi et al. 2013) Medicago sativa (Wang et al. 2012)
Induction of osmoregulators accumulation	Cucumis sativus (Sun & Luo 2014) Cynodon dactylon (Shi et al. 2013) Oryza sativa (Mostofa et al. 2015)

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[TFN1] *Osmotic stress using PEG8000