Abstract in English:

Abstract In this paper, we propose a new distribution based on a mixture of the unit-gamma distribution with a degenerate distribution at (c) (0 or1) or with a Bernoulli distribution. This novel approach is particularlyuseful for addressing excess zeros and/or ones in the data with limitedsupport in (0,1).Our approach considers Bayesian parameter estimation, residual, and influence analysis, as well as model comparison methods. We illustratethe theory by applying it to a real-world problem, with all posteriorquantities obtained using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Mead, a traditional alcoholic beverage produced through the fermentation of diluted honey by yeasts, remains underexplored in terms of its quality and characteristics. To establish quality standards for this artisanal beverage, it is essential to evaluate the physicochemical properties and sensory attributes of different mead types. This study aimed to investigate the physicochemical properties and volatile organic compound (VOC) profiles of meads produced in diverse regions of Brazil. Mead samples with varying production times and characteristics, such as smooth, aged with French oak chips, special reserve, were analyzed. The parameters examined included ash content, pH, total acidity, dry extract, total soluble solids, and VOCs. The VOC profile was determined using the HS-SPME-GC-MS technique. The physicochemical parameters were determined as follows: pH (2.80–3.60), total acidity (47.33–115.33 meq L⁻¹), ash content (0.59–1.47 %), dry extract (35.12–104.60 g L⁻¹), and total soluble solids (6.00–13.73 °Brix). A total of 28 VOCs were identified, classified into volatile acids (5), alcohols (3), esters (15), and terpenes (5). The variation in physicochemical properties and VOC profiles was primarily influenced by the raw materials used and the aging period of the meads. This study provides valuable insights into mead quality, offering a comprehensive characterization of its physicochemical and aromatic attributes, and contributes to the establishment of quality standards for mead production.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Cowpea starch is a non-conventional starch source. The use of green beans in food applications has been limited due to high levels of antinutrients, long cooking times, and high perishability. The objective of this study was to analyze the physicochemical and functional properties of starch from cowpea beans during the green maturation stage. The starch granules had oval and irregular shapes with an average diameter of 16.44 μm. Cowpea bean starch had a high apparent amylose content (47%), indicating its potential for use in bioplastic production. The absolute density was 1.39 g/mL, and the phosphorus content was 0.008%. Its water absorption capacity (68.24 g/100g) was higher than that of oil (53.35 g/100g), an ideal characteristic for applications in baking and confectionery. Thermogravimetric analysis showed good thermal stability, an essential parameter for use in canned products. The starch had a final viscosity of 4250 cP, a minimum of 3154 cP, and a high tendency to retrograde (1099 cP). The pasting temperature was 78 ºC, indicating resistance to swelling. In general, cowpea starch exhibited attractive properties for applications in the bioplastics, baking, and canning industries; however, it is not suitable for products that require a freezing process.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Analogous meat should possess physical and sensory characteristics similar to or better than beef. Patties made from analog meat present challenges in texture properties and consumer acceptability. When making analog meat from Javanese grasshopper and kidney bean tempeh, a binder may be necessary to improve the texture. This study aimed to determine the effect of different levels of glucomannan on the physicochemical and sensory properties of Javanese grasshopper patties with kidney bean tempeh and its correlation. A completely randomized design (CRD) was used, with glucomannan levels as a factor. Physicochemical properties such as color, pH, WHC, OHC, texture, microstructure, and proximate were analyzed, along with sensory characteristics. The addition of glucomannan significantly affected the physicochemical properties and sensory characteristics of Javanese grasshopper patties (p<0.05), except color (L*and b*), carbohydrate content, and sensory attributes of compactness, and aftertaste. Javanese grasshopper patties with kidney bean tempeh and 4% giant foot yam glucomannan (F2) offer the best balance between product quality and sensory acceptability. The giant foot yam glucomannan can be used as a binder and food additive to produce meat analogs in the food industry.

Abstract in English:

Abstract In this work, polyurethane foams from post-consumer mattresses were recycled through surface modifications and reused to recover oils spilled in seawater. The surface modifications included grafting zinc oxide followed by coating with hexadecanoic acid, which enhanced the foams’ hydrophobicity and oil affinity. Sorption tests simulating oil spills were conducted on three systems involving seawater and oil (diesel, S46 lubricating, or 20W40 engine). The modifications led to increased oil sorption capacity, achieving up to 950% in the seawater-20W40 engine oil system. Additionally, the modification reduced the seawater sorption by up to 72% in the seawater-diesel system. The findings indicated that viscosity significantly affects mass transport between the adsorbate and adsorbent. Verhuls’ kinetic model was the best fit for the sorption of diesel, S46 lubricating, and 20W40 engine oil (R² = 0.99). The pseudo-second-order model was also suitable for diesel and S46 lubricating oil (R² > 0.98). The desorption kinetics and reuse tests demonstrated that the foams effectively retained over 83% of absorbed oil after 30 minutes in suspension and maintained this capacity for over 50 cycles. This study highlights the successful application of one residue as an effective agent for the removal of another, demonstrating its potential for sustainable remediation strategies.

Abstract in English:

Abstract The increase in mushroom production is driven by the versatility of these fungi to develop in various substrates. This study compared the macronutrients, micronutrients, total phenolic content, flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of Button, Portobello, Shiitake, and Oyster mushrooms cultivated on different commercial substrates. Results were expressed on a dry weight basis. Proteins (16-22%), carbohydrates (30-51%), and fiber (17-43%) were the predominant macronutrients, while lipids, total sugars, and ash were present in smaller amounts. Major elements included phosphorus (509-1004 mg/100 g), magnesium (107-154 mg/100 g), and calcium (14-48 mg/100 g). Button showed the highest phosphorus, copper (2.55 mg/100 g), caloric value (1253 kJ/100 g), carbohydrates, and the lowest fiber. Portobello had higher ash content (13%), while Shiitake exhibited the highest fiber, magnesium, manganese (2.34 mg/100 g), zinc (7.22 mg/100 g), and lower carbohydrate. Oyster was distinguished by its high protein and iron content (8.77 mg/100 g). Button had the highest phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant activity (ABTS+, DPPH-, and FRAP). All mushrooms were rich in proteins, fiber, elements, and phenolic, with distinct profiles influenced by substrates. These results highlight their potential as sources of nutrients and bioactive compounds for the functional food industry, contributing to sustainable plant-based diets as antioxidant-rich options.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Mentha pulegium L., a medicinal plant, has been known for producing bioactive essential oils (EOs) that exhibit antibacterial, antifebrile and digestive properties. Thus, this study aimed at determining, for the first time, activities of essential oil from Mentha pulegium (EO-MP) against Xylella fastidiosa – which causes Citrus Variegated Chlorosis (CVC) – and Xanthomonas citri – which causes citrus canker. Antibacterial activities of EO-MP were evaluated and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined by the broth microdilution method in 96-well microplates. Cytotoxic activity of EO-MP was evaluated at concentrations ranging from 31.25 to 1000 µg/mL in tumor and non-tumor human cell lines. EO-MP was active against X. fastidiosa (MIC = 20 µg/mL) and X. citri (MIC = 50 µg/mL). EO-MP showed no cytotoxic activity to human fibroblast cell line (GM07492A) with IC50 equivalent to 1024.87 µg/mL and was potentially toxic against cell lines HeLa, MCF-7, and U-251MG (with all IC50 = 100 µg/mL). GC-MS analyses revealed that pulegone (51.3%), 1,8-cineole (16.5%), menthone (11.2%), and menthol (10.0%) were its major constituents in EO-MP. In silico studies highlighted that 1,8-cineole was more active against X. fastidiosa and pulegone against X. citri. In sum, further in vivo investigations and the ones conducted in a greenhouse are needed.

Abstract in English:

Abstract The thermal conductivity of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-nanocomposites is crucial for their use in thermal management systems, underscoring the need for accurate predictive models. This study develops a Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM) model optimized with four algorithms: Batch Bayesian Optimization (BBO), Evolution Strategies (ES), Bayesian Probability Improvement (BPI), and Gaussian Processes Optimization (GPO). A dataset of 229 experimental samples (90% training, 10% testing) was employed, using temperature, PEG molecular weight, nano concentration, and nano type as input variables. K-fold cross-validation minimized overfitting. Model performance was evaluated with R-squared (R²), mean squared error (MSE), average absolute relative error (AARE%), and runtime. Correlation analysis showed nano concentration had the strongest impact on conductivity (0.75), followed by PEG molecular weight (0.56), while temperature (0.33) and nano type (0.24) were weaker predictors. Among the algorithms, GBM-ES achieved the best accuracy (R² = 0.9966 training, 0.9158 testing), outperforming the other methods and traditional linear regression, which showed far lower precision. GPO was the most computationally efficient (153.6 s), while BBO was slowest (274 s). Sensitivity analysis confirmed the dominant role of nano concentration and molecular weight. Overall, the optimized GBM models provide reliable, data-driven tools for predicting PEG-nanocomposite conductivity, reducing dependence on costly experimental work.

Abstract in English:

Abstract The present study aims to disclose the design of an electronic nose capable of learning and differentiating semiochemical signals from insects usable to identify species that transmit Chagas disease. The proposed device used different non-specific resistor gas sensors integrated into a system of artificial intelligence models. To validate the nose, we used eight insect species of the Triatominae subfamily and one population that was a natural carrier of the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Also, the discriminatory capacity of distant species was tested with other insects like Aedes aegypti (arbovirus vector) and Sitophilus oryzae (stored grains plague). As a result, the electronic nose was able to differentiate up to gender level with an accuracy of 89.64% and to differentiate Rhodnius pallensces naturally infected with T. cruzi with less than 1% error in classification. These results show that our designed device can detect particular smelling footprints, and one electronic nose like that could be a tool to discriminate against insects in the future.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Pirimiphos-methyl (PMM) and piperonyl butoxide (PBO) are commonly used in crops to combat pests. This study examined their cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in various cell lines (RAW 264-7, H9C2, HepG2, HEK 293) across different exposure times. HepG2 cells showed heightened sensitivity to the combination (MIX) at 100 µg/mL after 48 and 72 hours, with no genotoxic effects observed in both HepG2 and mouse whole blood cells. HEK 293 cells experienced cytotoxicity at higher concentrations of PMM, PBO, and MIX (50 and 100 µg/mL) after 48 and 72 hours. H9C2 cells exhibited the most pronounced cytotoxicity with MIX at 100 µg/mL at all time points evaluated. RAW 264-7 cells were sensitive to high concentrations (50 and 100 µg/mL) after 72 hours. Interestingly, non-toxic concentrations of MIX (5 µg/mL) inhibited 100% of nitric oxide production and significantly reduced TNF and IL-6 levels in RAW 264-7 cells stimulated with LPS. Higher concentrations of PMM and PBO individually also reduced TNF and IL-6 production, suggesting immunomodulatory effects at low concentrations without associated toxicity. These results underscore the importance of considering both concentration and exposure time when assessing toxicity, especially in chronic exposure scenarios common in real biological environments.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Combined oral contraceptives (COC)s are the contraceptive method of choice for millions of women worldwide. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of COC administration, composed of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) and drospirenone (DRSP), on obesity, glucose tolerance, and hepatic steatosis in female mice. Eighty-day-old <italic>Swiss</italic> female mice were fed either a standard diet (SD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) and daily received, via gavage, 0.2 mL of distilled water (CTL-SD and CTL-HFD groups) with or without COC (COC-SD and COC-HFD groups) for 65 days. COC administration attenuated body weight and adiposity gains and prevented glucose intolerance induced by HFD in COC-HFD females. These effects were accompanied by the upregulation of <italic>Prdm16</italic> and <italic>Ucp-1</italic> genes in the brown adipose tissue (BAT) of COC-HFD mice. These females also exhibited a lower hepatic steatosis score than CTL-HFD mice; however, their liver parenchyma showed an increased number of inflammatory foci, and up-regulation of the <italic>Il-1β</italic> gene. Thus, COC administration in female mice attenuated obesity development induced by HFD, possibly through modulation of BAT function, while the increased hepatic expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β suggests that COC exacerbated HFD-induced liver inflammation.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Infectious diseases remain a leading cause of death worldwide. Due to selective pressure, resistant bacteria, especially Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus, are frequently selected and disseminated in various environments. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of citronellal against K. pneumoniae and S. aureus, as well as its interactions with enzymes associated with resistance to carbapenems and methicillin, KPC-2 and PBP2a, respectively. Bioassays were conducted to determine the minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations. Rigid molecular docking assays were performed with fixed amino acid residues of KPC-2 and PBP2a, while the ligand was flexible. Citronellal inhibited bacterial growth and showed bactericidal activity against K. pneumoniae at 128 µg/mL and S. aureus at 64 µg/mL. Additionally, citronellal interacted with the active sites of KPC-2 and PBP2a, with binding energies of −4.30 and −4.05 kcal/mol, respectively. In conclusion, citronellal demonstrated bactericidal effects against the tested strains. However, despite its affinity for the target enzymes, the binding activity was lower compared to avibactam and penicillin G in the docking simulations.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Leishmaniasis is a group of diseases caused by protozoa of the genus <italic>Leishmania</italic>. Current treatments exhibit high toxicity, high costs, and parasite resistance. Consequently, the search for new drugs is of utmost importance, and drug repositioning may offer an alternative for combating the disease. This study aimed to evaluate the antileishmanial and cytotoxic activities, as well as macrophage activation parameters, of oseltamivir (OSV) and acyclovir (ACV). The substances demonstrated antileishmanial activity. The median inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of OSV against different species (<italic>L. amazonensis, L. braziliensis, L. infantum, and L. major</italic>) were 252.321, 268.161, 29.207, and 143.859 μg/mL, respectively. For ACV, the IC50 values were 25.726, 45.552, 580.741, and 608.981 μg/mL, respectively. The median cytotoxic concentrations (CC50) of OSV and ACV were 512.17 and 2568.75 μg/mL, respectively. Both OSV and ACV significantly reduced the percentage of infected macrophages, with a selectivity index (SI) >20. Additionally, OSV and ACV increased phagocytic capacity but did not enhance lysosomal activity or significantly induce nitric oxide synthesis. Further investigations are necessary to evaluate these substances in experimental <italic>in vivo </italic>infection models.

Abstract in English:

Abstract The world is experiencing a biodiversity crisis as numerous regions witness massive deforestation in tropical ecosystems. This phenomenon is particularly acute in the Atlantic Forest. Forest edges, where humans, mosquitoes, and wildlife interact, can serve as a bridge for the exchange of zoonotic arboviruses. We aimed to identify mosquito species from an Atlantic Forest fragment in Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil, at the forest edge and in an area with artificial constructions. Mosquito collections were carried out biweekly from February to December 2016. Adult mosquitoes were collected using CDC traps and aspirators, while immature were collected using ovitraps and BR-OVT traps. A total of 8,972 eggs were captured by ovitraps and 168 rafts by BR-OVT traps. A total of 474 adult mosquitoes were collected by CDC traps and 268 by aspirators. Twenty-six different species were identified, all from the subfamily Culicinae, distributed in eight genera (Aedes, Aedeomyia, Culex, Coquillettidia, Limatus, Mansonia, Uranotaenia and Wyeomyia). The most abundant mosquito species in the collections were Cx. quinquefasciatus (69.8%) and Ae. albopictus (22.3%), two species linked to the transmission of arboviruses. Early identification of vector mosquitoes in remaining areas of Atlantic Forest with increasing urban development should be continuous, with a monitoring strategy to increase the effectiveness of control programs.

Abstract in English:

Abstract The objective is to analyze the association between depression and sweets consumption. Cross-sectional study carried out with data from VIGITEL (Brasil 2021). Surveillance of Risk Factors for Chronic Diseases by telephone survey, a system for monitoring the frequency and distribution of risk factors and protection against chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in Brazilian adults ≥18 years. Crude Poisson regression, adjusted for sociodemographic and behavioral covariates, was used to verify the association between depression and sweets consumption. The total sample included 54.170 Brazilian adults. The consumption of sweets was reported by 25.6% and the diagnosis of depression by 11%. Consumption of sweets was associated with a statistically significant protection of 8% for the diagnosis of depression (95%CI 0.85-0.98). This finding can be seen as positive, as it encompasses a widely adopted, non-drug behavior. However, a warning should be raised about the harm caused by the exaggerated consumption of sweets.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Twenty-four ethanolic extracts obtained from the Antarctic sickle-leaved-hook-moss <italic>Sanionia</italic> <italic>uncinata </italic>were tested for their chemical profile by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, revealing the presence of fatty acids and their metabolites, diterpene, triterpene, and four steroids. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) indicated a significant correlation between the metabolite content and biological activities as antibacterial, β-carotene and diphenyl-picryl-hydrazyl DPPH antioxidant, cytotoxicity to breast and prostate cancer cell lines, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity, and the principal component analysis (PCA) showed a variation in the metabolite content according to the altitude from which the mosses’ samples were collected, indicating that the altitude of 30 m was determinant for the metabolite variation in <italic>S. uncinata.</italic> The present findings constitute a pilot study supporting further plant prospection in the maritime Antarctica.

Abstract in English:

Abstract The Brazilian scientific community, primarily composed of public universities and research institutes, played a fundamental role in combating the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigates Brazil’s contribution to the global body of knowledge on COVID-19 through publications in scientific journals. Specifically, it analyzes bibliometric indicators of Brazilian scientific publications on COVID-19 between 2019 and 2023, as indexed in the Scopus database. The results demonstrate: 1) there was a global effort to understand the SARS-CoV-2 virus, resulting in significant scientific production; 2) the proportion of publications on the topic was higher in Brazil than in the rest of the world; 3) Brazilian research on COVID-19 covered several knowledge domains; 4) the proportion of joint publications by Brazilian and international scholars was higher on COVID-19 than on other topics; 5) Brazilian public universities responded to the challenge of COVID-19 research, engaging more with international collaboration networks and achieving a higher impact with their publications. The study highlights the importance of national scientific research in shaping public policies and in addressing global health crises. Despite political and funding challenges, the efforts of the Brazilian scientific community were remarkable, reinforcing the importance of sustained investment in science, technology, and innovation.

Abstract in English:

Abstract The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) supplementation on the prevention of experimental giardiasis by analyzing morphological, biochemical, and parasitological parameters in a gerbil model. Gerbils were divided into four groups: uninfected control (CT), infected control (CTIN), uninfected and FOS-treated (FOS), and infected and FOS-treated (FOSIN). The FOS and FOSIN groups received 250 mg/day of FOS by gavage for 14 days. After this period, the CTIN and FOSIN groups were inoculated by gavage with 1 x 106 trophozoites/ml of Giardia lamblia. Fourteen days post-infection, all animals were euthanized, and blood, liver, small intestine, and feces were collected for analysis. FOS supplementation resulted in a 77% reduction in parasitic load. Additionally, FOS reduced infection-induced damage by preserving intestinal structure, improving metabolic parameters, and reducing hepatic oxidative stress. FOS was also effective in mitigating the effects of an established G. lamblia infection. These preliminary findings suggest that FOS has beneficial effects in the preventive treatment of Giardia lamblia infection.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Hereditary Angioedema (HAE) is a rare and severe genetic disorder caused by the deficiency of C1 Esterase Inhibitor (C1-INH), leading to unexpected and potentially fatal episodes of edema. This study assessed the quality of life (QoL) of adults with HAE in a Brazilian cohort, which comprised 29 adult patients with a confirmed HAE diagnosis, recruited from a public referral hospital. Participants completed the international HAE-specific quality of life questionnaire (IHAE-QoL v.1.1) at three time intervals: baseline, 6 months, and 1 year. This instrument assesses multiple QoL domains, including physical, emotional, social, and treatment-related aspects. Data were analyzed using SPSS v.29.0. and descriptive statistics. Group comparisons were conducted using chi-square, Student’s t-test, and Mann–Whitney U tests. The results showed statistically significant differences in the impact of HAE on QoL between sexes. While 42.9% of males reported work/study limitations, 90.9% of females expressed concern over treatment availability. Additionally, 57.1% of men reported a moderate impact on social life. The findings highlight the substantial impact of HAE on patients’ quality of life and highlight sex-specific challenges, reinforcing the need for targeted interventions to enhance disease management and QoL.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Thalassemia, an autosomal recessive genetic disorder affecting production of normal globin chains, presents varying prevalence worldwide. The frequency of global α-thalassemia remains understudied, especially in Brazil, due to its genetic diversity and large population size. This study compared α-thalassemia frequency between microcytic patients and healthy volunteers in Rio de Janeiro, stratified by self-reported skin color. DNA extracted from whole blood/EDTA underwent genotyping for α-thalassemia using multiplex PCR, targeting α3.7 kb, α4.2 kb, αSEA, αMED, αFIL, and α20.5 kb deletions. Frequency of α-thalassemia among patients was 63.6%, distributed as follows: 62.1% for α3.7 kb deletion, 0.7% for α4.2 kb deletion, and 0.8% for αSEA deletion. In healthy volunteers, the prevalence was 3.2%, distributed as 0.53% in self-declared white, 1.07% in brown, and 1.60% in black individuals, all presenting heterozygous genotype for α3.7 kb deletion. Frequency in healthy population was significantly lower than that observed in microcytosis population (p < 0.001). Determining α-thalassemia frequency in highly admixed population may enhance genetic counseling, given that asymptomatic carriers can produce offspring with combinations of Hb variants, potentially leading to severe clinical phenotypes.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Meta-analyses have shown modest weight loss with physical training. Low training load can be one possible cause, however this has not yet been investigated. This cross-sectional study investigated the correlation between training load parameters and the body composition of 335 individuals engaged in exercise (47.9 ± 12.7 years, 138 males). Data on exercise frequency, intensity, duration, and body composition were collected. Men showed significantly higher energy expenditure during training (632.5, 95% CI: 560.0 – 704.5) compared to women (280.4, 95% CI: 253.9- 306.8). Greater energy expenditure was inversely correlated with lower body mass index (r=-0.23; p<0.05), body fat percentage (BF%) (r=-0.53; p<0.05), fat mass (r=-0.37; p<0.05), waist-to-hip ratio (r= -0.31; p<0.05), and visceral fat (r=-0.38; p<0.05) in both sexes. Significant correlations persisted when considering confounding factors among men, except for skeletal muscle mass. For women, only BF% and skeletal muscle mass correlations remained. Linear regression analysis indicated that to attain a BF% below 20%, individuals needed to expend 9.07 kcal/kg per training session in seven weekly sessions (r2= 0.33); however, only 15.2% of the participants met this energy demand. Thus, an adequate maintenance of adequate body fat levels appears to be dependent on individuals with a high energy expenditure during training, without significant reliance on other influencing factors.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Passiflora is the most diverse genus of the Passifloraceae family, and holds great economic importance. However, cytogenetic information is still limited for most species. This study aimed to analyze the karyotypes of nine Passiflora species, to determine the chromosome number and the distribution of heterochromatic regions by double staining with CMA/DAPI and by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with 35S and 5S rDNA probes. Eight species presented a karyotype with 2n=18 chromosomes, and in contrast, P. foetida was the only species to exhibit a karyotype with 2n=20. Double staining with CMA and DAPI revealed distinct staining patterns, with four CMA+ blocks located in the terminal regions of the chromosomes of eight species, except in P. foetida, where six CMA+ blocks were observed in the proximal regions. FISH identified four to six 35S rDNA sites in the terminal regions of the chromosomes in P. alata and P. edmundoi, and six sites in interstitial region in P. foetida. In these same species, two 5S rDNA sites were observed, and in P. foetida four sites in the subterminal regions. The observed chromosomal variations suggest significant genetic diversity in the genus, valuable data for studies of diversity, conservation and genetic improvement.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Aerobic exercise boosts antioxidant defenses, but intense acute exercise can increase oxidative stress, reducing performance and accelerating muscle fatigue, especially in untrained individuals. Acute swimming is often used to model such stress, making it ideal for evaluating antioxidant interventions. With rising interest in natural antioxidants, pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus), rich in polyphenols and betacyanins, presents a promising alternative. This study assessed the effects of pitaya pretreatment on mice subjected to acute swimming. Mice were divided into: Control, Exercise, Pitaya, and Pitaya + Exercise groups, with the latter two receiving 200 µl of pitaya juice daily for 30 days. After an acute swimming protocol, animals were euthanized for biochemical analysis. Glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), TBARS, reactive species (RS), glutathione levels (GSH), and activity of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and related enzymes were measured. In our results, the Pitaya + Exercise group showed a significant reduction in RS compared to Pitaya, and the Exercise group increased CAT and GST activity, while Pitaya pretreatment attenuated these effects and elevated GSH. ALP was significantly higher only in the Exercise group. These results suggest that pitaya pretreatment has antioxidant potential in acute exercise, though further research is needed to explore additional mechanisms.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Atrazine is used widely corn cultivation, providing as an effective and low-cost control of broadleaf and grassy weeds. However, this herbicide exhibits high persistence in the soil and can potentially interfere with the photosynthesis of non-target plants. Scientific literature has demonstrated that macrofungi offer several advantages for use in the bioremediation of environmental contaminants, mainly due to their ability to withstand stressful conditions and produce extracellular enzymes with low specificity that may be involved in the biodegradation process. This study evaluated the ability of macrofungal species to tolerate the herbicide atrazine and produce laccase, an enzyme capable of degrading xenobiotics. To achieve this, tolerance assays of fungi to atrazine were performed to assess growth rate and mycelial growth inhibition, as well as analysis of laccase enzymatic activity through the oxidation of 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) at 420 nm using a spectrophotometer. The results demonstrated that all four analyzed macrofungi were tolerant to the herbicide atrazine. However, Lentinus crinitus SA37 stood out, due to its low mycelial growth inhibition rate and laccase production. This research enabled the selection of L. crinitus SA37 for future studies on the biodegradation and mineralization of atrazine.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Synthetic dyes are widely used in the textile industry and constitute one of the main environmental pollutants worldwide. In the present study, 60 bacterial isolates were analyzed for decolorization capabilities against reactive azo dye. In this screening, one has emerged as the most promising strain to degrade the selected dye, which was identified as Brevibacillus laterosporus. The effect of different physical-chemical and temporal parameters (dye concentration, temperature, pH, shaking, and kinetics) on its decolorizing potential was assessed. B. laterosporus showed decolorization efficiency higher than 90% for high concentrations of dye mixture. The best decolorizing potential was found in the range of 30-40°C and 8-9.5 pH. Agitation had negative effects on decolorization performance, with decrease in bacterial dye degradation. Decolorization higher than 90% was found in the first 12 hours of culture. UV-Vis analyses suggested the cleavage of azo bonds, since the peaks observed in untreated dye mixture reached close to zero after 12 hours of treatment. The toxicity test showed that the treatment with the bacterium was efficient in removing the toxicity of the dye mixture. These findings suggest that B. laterosporus L77 is a promising strain to be used in bioremediation of textile effluents containing azo dyes.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Microorganisms often occur in association with macroalgae, with the term “phycosphere” referring to the seaweed surface where they may be present. Phycosphere represents a poorly explored niche of marine diversity, especially in the polar regions. DNA metabarcoding provides a new and accessible method for the detection of DNA from different organisms, especially applicable for poorly known groups where taxonomic expertise is limited or unavailable. In this study we used DNA metabarcoding to provide an initial survey of eukaryotic communities associated with marine macroalgae obtained from the shores of Svalbard. Samples of Ulvaria obscura were sequenced and the DNA reads found were assigned to 75 taxa of six Kingdoms and 17 phyla: Chromista (Ciliophora, Haptophyta, Ochrophyta, Oomycota and Chrysophyta), Fungi (Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota, Mortierellomycota and Rozellomycota), Holozoa (Ichthyosporia), Metazoa (Cnidaria), Protozoa (Cercozoa, Discosea and Heterolobosea) and Viridiplantae (Bryophyta and Chlorophyta). The most abundant group was Viridiplantae, followed by Fungi. Our environmental DNA study confirmed that the phycosphere of U. obscura shelters a rich and complex microbiome, suggesting that Arctic macroalgae provide a hotspot of currently undescribed polar biodiversity. Additionally, our results were obtained during the first official Brazilian Arctic expedition, representing a historic step for the Brazilian Antarctic Program (PROANTAR).

Abstract in English:

Abstract Microbial resistance is a product of both continuous evolution and un-checked antimicrobial usage and accelerates the demands for the development of new and effective antimicrobials. Lamiaceae and Verbenaceae are widely used empirically in folk medicine and their antimicrobial potential is being explored worldwide. The Caatinga has a higher number of Lamiaceae and Verbenaceae species, although less than 10% of this biome is protected by conservation units. This study aimed to perform a systematic review and technological prospection of antimicrobial studies of Lamiaceae and Verbenaceae from the Caatinga. Two reviewers analyzed the literature searches in six electronic databases using PRISMA guidelines. Patents were searched through INPI, Espacenet, and Patentscope. According to an in-depth analysis of the 42 studies and five patents, these plants show promising antibacterial and antifungal properties through essential oils, crude extracts and their fractions. Potential technological applications of these plants include the development of new antibacterial agents, food preservation and quality control solutions, and innovative dental materials. We believe that this review will provide researchers with knowledge of antimicrobial and technological strategies, as well as data on the potential use of these families to support future decisions regarding the conservation of the Caatinga.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Tetragonisca angustula bees are widely distributed throughout Brazil and nesting in various substrates, including urban areas. This study aims to investigate the environmental effects on wing morphometry in T. angustula bees along an urban gradient, determining if and where these variations occur and whether asymmetry increases in urbanized environments. We evaluated three distinct locations: an urban area, a semi-natural urban area, and a rural area. The results revealed different morphometric patterns related to both wing shape and asymmetry supporting the hypothesis that urban areas generate more biological stress in individuals compared to the other two areas. Additionally, the findings suggest that urbanization affects the wing morphometrics of the species’ anatomical landmarks, indicating possible influences of food resources, temperature, and ecological pressures on these variations. Our study enhances the understanding of morphological variations in urban pollinators as a proxy for environmental quality and can help devise strategies to mitigate the negative effects associated with increased urbanization.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Organisms that live above others can give information not only about the relation between them but also about the environment they inhabit. In that sense, this work studies the relationship between epibionts living on freshwater turtles and the impact degree of streams where they live. We studied the macro-epibiont assemblages and algal and epipelic biofilm covers in two species of freshwater turtles with contrasting habits (the bottom-dwelling-aquatic basking <italic>Hydromedusa tectifera</italic> and the swimming-aerial basking <italic>Phrynops hilarii</italic>), from streams with different types and degrees of anthropogenic impact. Algal and epipelic biofilm covers and animal epibiont assemblages were, in most cases, greater in <italic>H. tectifera</italic> than in <italic>P. hilarii</italic>. In general, turtles from polluted streams had higher algal and epipelic biofilm covers and poorer epibiont assemblages with low abundance of sensible species. Our results also highlighted a key mutualistic relationship between <italic>H. tectifera</italic> and <italic>Temnocephala brevicornis</italic>,<italic> </italic>for which this turtle is the main host. We provide insights for using this biological unit to monitor water quality, particularly in low impacted streams where temnocephalans offer modulate responses, useful to early detection of pollution.

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Abstract The present study aimed to know the structure of the assemblages of aquatic macroinvertebrates and the ecological state of two urban rivers of San Salvador de Jujuy (Jujuy province, Argentina). Sampling was performed in the Xibi Xibi and Río Grande rivers during two seasons (dry and wet) in 2021. Six sampling sites were selected (three per river). At each site, physico-chemical parameters were measured and benthic macroinvertebrates were collected. The ordering of sites according to environmental variables was studied using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The water quality of the basin was evaluated using different biotic indices. Correlation analysis was carried out between the values of the indices and the physico-chemical parameters. NaCl, TDS (total dissolved solids) and electrical conductivity were higher in the sites corresponding to the Río Grande, while the sites sampled in the Xibi Xibi had a higher altitude. The results of the biotic indices were diverse. The IBY-4 (Yungas biotic index) and ASPT (Average score per taxon) are the most appropriate indices to monitor the water quality of the urban rivers of Jujuy.

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Abstract Artisanal shrimp trawling represents an activity of considerable socioeconomic relevance, particularly in coastal communities. However, it is a non-selective fishing method known for capturing large amounts of bycatch, which negatively impacts benthic ecosystems, especially marine invertebrates. This study aimed to analyze the influence of depth, temperature, and fishing season on the distribution patterns, abundance, and biomass of macroinvertebrates captured as bycatch. Samples were collected during open and closed fishing seasons at depths ranging from 13 to 35 meters in commercial shrimp trawling operations in the Santana Archipelago, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) were used to evaluate the effects of these environmental factors on macroinvertebrate biomass and density. The total biomass recorded was 236 kg, comprising 144 kg (61%) of macroinvertebrates and 92 kg (39%) of commercial shrimp. The shrimp-to-bycatch ratio was 1:1.6, with Crustacea accounting for the largest share of the total biomass. A total of 7,134 macroinvertebrate individuals were recorded, distributed among Crustacea (2,965 individuals; 41.56%), Mollusca (2,361; 33.10%), Cnidaria (1,709; 23.96%), Echinodermata (98; 1.37%), and Annelida (1; 0.01%). Capture rates of shrimp and macroinvertebrates varied between open and closed seasons. The high volume of bycatch highlights the need for improved management strategies in artisanal shrimp fisheries to mitigate environmental impacts in Macaé’s marine ecosystems.

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Abstract The reproductive success of rupicolous bromeliads in the Cerrado depends on climatic conditions and pollinators availability. This study analyzed the phenology and reproductive biology of Dyckia erectiflora (L.B.Sm.) Forzza, an endemic rupicolous bromeliad from Northeastern Brazilian Cerrado. Reproductive phenophases were monitored for two consecutive years in Sete Cidades National Park, Piauí, Brazil. The floral biology and pollination system of the species were evaluated. Flowering and fruiting were seasonal, with delays observed in the second year of the study. Flowering did not correlate with rainfall, occurring during the transition from the rainy to the dry season, while fruiting occurred during the dry season. Seed dispersal, which is anemochoric, ceases at the end of the dry season, facilitating germination in the early rainy months. Flowers exhibit a brief temporal and spatial separation at the beginning of the maturation of the reproductive whorls. The anthesis begins in the late afternoon, with the partial exposure of the receptive stigma, although floral resources such as pollen and nectar are available the following day. The pollination system is melittophilous by exotic bees, rare for the ornithophilous genus. The absence of native vertebrate pollinators raises concerns about the anthropogenic impact on the species’ pollination efficiency.

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Abstract During a survey of leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) associated with aromatic crops, the Ligurian leafhopper, Eupteryx decemnotata Rey was identified for the first time in the Platense Horticultural Belt in Buenos Aires province, Argentina. This study provides a detailed description of the female genitalia and immature stages, along with biological traits, including developmental time from egg to adult, sex ratio, oviposition sites preference and host plants. This leafhopper was reported on oregano, thyme, rosemary and mint plants. Significant damage to host plants was observed due to feeding activity, with females showing a marked preference for ovipositing in secondary veins of leaves (31.15%), followed by stems (21.31%) and main veins (19.67%). The total developmental time from egg to adult averaged 29.14 days under controlled conditions, with the fifth instar being the longest. The sex ratio was male-biased (59.49% males, 40.51% females). This study expands the known distribution of E. decemnotata and provides essential biological and morphological data that contribute to its taxonomic identification and pest management strategies.

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Abstract This study investigates the impact of global warming on zooplankton community structure in freshwater ecosystems, focusing on the relationship between zooplankton species and environmental factors. Due to rising temperatures and environmental changes, zooplankton are reducing in body size, leading to the appearance of smaller opportunistic species such as rotifers, known for their tolerance to extreme conditions Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) identified some abiotic factors that impact species, such as temperature (T), dissolved oxygen (DO), electrical conductivity (EC), salinity, turbidity (Turb) and pH as significantly influencing zooplankton distribution and diversity. A high diversity of Rotifera species, primarily benthic and cosmopolitan, was observed, commonly found in Turkey’s freshwater littoral zones. Cluster analysis emphasizes similarities and differences in species composition sampling site, and complex interactions of abiotic factors that shape zooplankton communities. Global warming supports smaller zooplankton species with changing community structure and reducing their body size. As zooplankton are integral to the aquatic food chain, changes in their populations could impact the dynamics of trophic relationships and the balance of ecosystems. In the study emphasizes the need for comprehensive future research on both abiotic and biotic factors to improve our knowledge of how aquatic ecosystems respond to climate change.

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Abstract Several studies pointed out that skeletal abnormalities, although widespread among species, are rare in wild populations. There is a gap in the knowledge of such anomalies on endangered fish species regarding types of deformities, geographical distribution, and possible consequences on key behaviors. Here, we describe new records of skeleton deformities in the endangered Atlantic Goliath Grouper (AGG), Epinephelus itajara, based on 20 years of scientific dives and collections focused on studing AGG spawning aggregations and movement using telemetry in Florida (U.S.) and along the Brazilian coast. Five different deformities were recorded (pughead, shorttail, pughead no-eye, finless, and shorttail-pughead). We also compiled and discussed previous records from the literature and the challenges posed by these deformities. We proposed hypotheses related to the challenges imposed by each type of deformity on wild juvenile AGG. Despite the low frequencies in wild populations, abnormal individuals may have a higher survival rate in aquaculture facilities.

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Abstract A critical review of the impact of climate change on vector-borne diseases (VBDs) was carried out. The systems Chagas-Triatominae as hemimetabolous insect and leishmaniasis-Phlebotominae as holometabolous with terrestrial larval stages were taken as examples and both were considered for their diversity of vector species, reservoirs and socio-environmental settings of transmission. Results from the literature were discussed in relation to: a) the multiplicity of causes, targets and consequences from the perspective of multilevel eco-epidemiology; b) assumptions of linearity of predictive models rather than chaos and complexity of the systems involved; c) the assumption of species with fixed biological characteristics, rather than species that, under external pressure, can adapt and change their natural nidality, and pathogens that can change host species (Stockholm paradigm); d) consistency between stated objectives and conclusions. Most of the reviewed articles refer to the medium- and long-term impacts of climate change on the transmission of VBDs, and advocate for emission reductions. However, based on the conceptual and operational arguments discussed, recommendations are proposed to develop a strategy for preventive monitoring of VBDs, in line with public health needs in the short term and at the local level, transferable to programmes for timely decision-making.

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Abstract Actinostemon (Euphorbiaceae, Hippomaneae) is a Neotropical genus, with a total of 16 species. Brazil stands out as its center of diversity with nine species, most from seasonal dry forests of the Atlantic Forest. Through the analysis of herbarium specimens, protologue and field collections, we present here a new species, Actinostemon sessilantherus, from southern Bahia. Actinostemon sessilantherus resembles A. concolor in its alternate, non pseudoverticillate leaves, coriaceous blades and cataphylls, and one pistillate flower per inflorescence, glabrous, without appendages on the carpels. However, the new species presents divergent characters, such sessile stamens (vs stamens with filaments), pistillate flower with subglobose (vs ellipsoid) ovary and short-pedicellated fruit, less than 1 cm (long vs long-pedicellated fruit, 2-3 cm long). We provide a diagnosis, morphological description, distribution map, illustrations, and notes on phenology, preliminary conservation status, taxonomic comments and identification key for Atlantic Forest species.

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Abstract The Neotropical flora is known for its remarkable species diversity, which is daily threatened due to human actions, such as land change use for extensive agriculture and habitat fragmentation. In Brazil, the Cerrado is one of the most plant diverse biomes, even though a small piece of its area is under full protection. This work aims explore the distribution of Oocephalus species, to identify areas of high species richness, and to highlight regional environment threats, required to assess the species conservation status. Oocephalus is currently composed of 22 species, which are almost entirely endemic to the Brazilian campo rupestre, a vegetation type with high levels of species richness and endemism. We identified three distribution patterns in Oocephalus: Brazilian Central Plateau, Serra do Espinhaço, and Chapada Diamantina. The latter is subdivided in two sub patterns, Serra das Almas and Serra do Sincorá. The results showed that Brazilian Central plateau, especially the Chapada dos Veadeiros region, and Chapada Diamantina, are the richest areas of Oocephalus, and that 22 species are under threat, being classified as Vulnerable, Endangered or Critically Endangered, with some of them being known for few collections.

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Abstract The Neotropical region harbors rich biodiversity, with aquatic insects playing key ecological roles. Despite research advances, challenges like taxonomic gaps and logistics persist. The seventh Neotropical Aquatic Insects Symposium (VII SIAN; Belém, 2025) gathered 410 participants and 364 abstracts on ecology, taxonomy, biomonitoring, and outreach. Using bibliometric techniques, the presented abstracts were analyzed. Although the SIAN aims to reflect Neotropical research as a whole, the data analyzed in this study primarily represent the Brazilian scientific community (92% of the abstracts), and interpretations should be viewed in that context. Most studies were conducted in Brazil (92%), particularly in the states of Pará, Minas Gerais, and Maranhão. Streams were the most frequently studied environments (69.4%). The most addressed insect orders were Odonata (27.7%), Trichoptera (17.5%), and Ephemeroptera (14.6%). Regarding life stages, 48.9% of the studies focused on immature forms, and 41% on adults. The most prominent research areas were ecology (31.7%) and biomonitoring (26.4%), while taxonomy, conservation, and ecological interactions were less frequently explored. The study highlights the importance of institutional partnerships and the adoption of innovative methods, such as environmental DNA and integrative taxonomy. Additionally, citizen science initiatives have contributed to raising awareness and strengthening research on aquatic insects in the Neotropical region.

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Abstract The Ellsworth Mountains represent a significant gap in pedological studies in Antarctica, particularly concerning soil formation at the local level. This study focused on 22 soil profiles from the southern portion of the Ellsworth Mountains, developed on various parent materials and different landscape positions. The soils were characterized morphologically, physically, chemically, and mineralogically according to international analytical methods. Like other cold desert soils in Antarctica, the Ellsworth soils are, in general, skeletal-psammitic, shallow, and weakly structured. All soils accumulate salts, although the concentration depends on local drainage conditions and surface exposure time. These soils exhibit desert pavement and discrete, yet typical, features of cryoturbation. Vegetation colonization is highly dependent on greater water availability, lower salinity, and the presence of stone garlands on the soil surface, which help protect the lichens from strong aeolian erosion. The mineralogy of Ellsworth soils demonstrates a strong genetic relationship with the parent materials, showing only slight variation among them, as the extremely cold and arid climate severely limits chemical weathering and pedogenesis. Pedogenesis in the Ellsworth Mountains is highly influenced by climate and recent changes to the local surfaces.

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Abstract This application allows the processing and interpretation of single-channel seismic files (Sub-Bottom, Boomer and Sparker) in SEG-Y format. Its interface allows the application of different types of filters and corrections to the raw data, as well as images of the seismic section in order to improve geological visualization of the interpreter. The configurations of these filters can be manipulated, and the results after each filtering can be compared with the original data to determine the best parameters of the applied filter. The best results are stored so that additional filters can be applied over previous filterings in order to reinforce geophysical/geological features of interest. At the end, the images resulting from these various filterings can be alternately selected during horizon mapping in order to complement the interpretation of the seismic section. Finally, the mapped seismic reflectors, the images generated by the various filters and the position of the seismic sections can be exported in CSV, PNG and DXF files, respectively, for use in other software. This program, written in Python language, is available in the public domain through a GPL license.

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Abstract Numerical simulation of CO2-enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) critically advances hydrocarbon field development by quantifying multiphase saturation dynamics during CO2-driven displacement. This study establishes a cylindrically configured 1D triple-phase mathematical model integrating Darcy’s law and mass conservation principles, employing an implicit pressure-explicit saturation (IMPES) finite-difference scheme to resolve spatiotemporal evolution of aqueous, oleic, and gaseous phase saturations. Systematic incorporation of chemical reaction kinetics, viscosity-pressure coupling, and dynamic relative permeability effects yields a novel computational framework for immiscible displacement analysis. Simulations reveal two governing mechanisms: 1) CO2-saturated fluid/rock interactions induce pore-throat dilation, amplifying effective flooding radii; 2) Wellbore-formation pressure differentials (ΔP) dictate CO2 plume propagation, where elevated ΔP expands repulsion radii and oil displacement annulus thickness. Paradoxically, increased reservoir porosity reduces annular confinement while diminishing displacement efficiency despite enhanced volumetric throughput, with simulations confirming persistent oil-rich annuli characteristic of non-miscible regimes. These findings provide actionable guidelines for optimizing CO2-EOR injectivity parameters and ensuring long-term carbon sequestration integrity in heterogeneous formations, bridging theoretical modeling with field-scale implementation strategies.

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Abstract Itapotihyla langsdorffii is a large-bodied hylid frog endemic to the Atlantic Forest, occurring in Brazil, Paraguay and northern Argentina. Information on its endoparasite fauna is currently restricted to one old report of a nematode (Aplectana sp.). In the present study we analyse for the first time the endoparasite assemblage associated with a population of Itapotihyla langsdorffii, assessing its infection parameters. We examined 27 specimens from an Atlantic Forest remnant in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil, of which 85% were infected by helminths. Ten helminth species were recorded in the hosts (plus indeterminate cosmocercids and larval nematodes that could potentially represent additional species). The helminths occurring with the highest prevalences (48% and 37%, respectively) were Polystoma sp. (Platyhelminthes, Monogenea) and Cosmocercidae indet. (Nematoda). Helminth richness was positively influenced by host body size and was greater in females than in males. On the other hand, host size did not seem to influence the infection intensity of the most common parasites. The present survey indicated that Itapotihyla langsdorffii has one of the richest endoparasite faunas among South American hylids, including both heteroxenous and monoxenous species (although they seemingly serve as final hosts only for the latter).

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Abstract This study evaluated the impact of bacterial inoculant and urea on the chemical composition of AGRI 002E forage sorghum silage over different storage periods. Four treatments were tested: control (WS), bacterial inoculant (SBI), urea (US) and both urea and bacterial inoculant (USBI), with samples evaluated after 0, 28, and 56 days of ensiling. Parameters analyzed included organic acid, soluble carbohydrates (SC), condensed tannins (CT), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC), lignin, <italic>in vitro</italic> digestibility (<italic>IV</italic>D), CP fractions, and total carbohydrate fractions. Results showed increased in DM, OM, total carbohydrates, NFC and digestibility over time, while CT, NDF, ADF, and SC decreased. Urea supplementation notably increased CP and <italic>IV</italic>DCP, and reduced fiber concentrations compared to the control and bacterial inoculant treatments. Silage stability was achieved after 28 days, but a 56-day period is recommended for optimal fermentation and quality. Urea alone improves digestibility and non-protein nitrogen availability, and combining it with bacterial inoculants may enhance aerobic stability.

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Abstract In this study, we describe four new species of Ciidae from Fernando de Noronha, representing the first ciid species recorded from the archipelago and from any Brazilian oceanic island: Ceracis caio Souza-Gonçalves & Lopes-Andrade sp. nov., Ceracis italo Souza-Gonçalves & Lopes-Andrade sp. nov., Cis ayessa Souza-Gonçalves & Lopes-Andrade sp. nov., and Cis paula Souza-Gonçalves & Lopes-Andrade sp. nov.. These discoveries underscore the significance of investigating the ciid fauna of Brazilian islands, which appears to be entirely distinct from that of the mainland.

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Abstract Achatina fulica is a terrestrial snail native to the African continent but currently found in many countries worldwide. It is considered an urban and agricultural pest, causing significant economic losses. Therefore, substances extracted from plants have demonstrated effective results in pest control, such as thymol, a compound obtained from the essential oils of Lamiaceae plants. It is used in oral microbicide products, acting both as a bactericide and fungicide. This work aimed to evaluate the molluscicidal activity of thymol on adults and 30-day-old juveniles of A. fulica in bioassays. Nine hundred sixty adults and 960 juvenile snails. Thirty concentrations, between 80 and 0.01gL-1, were tested. Thymol acted as a molluscicide on A. fulica adults and juveniles at concentrations of 80 to 30gL-1 causing 100% mortality. No deaths were recorded for the control group. These results contribute to the control of this gastropod in highly infested areas, including in association with other control techniques. This is a difficult pest to control and even at present there is no effective control pest.

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Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of the gelatin and Hypromellose capsules as recipients to vitrification of lambari spermatogonial cells. In experiment 1, four protocols to vitrification (P1, P2, P3 and P4) were tested. The protocol P3 showed greater cell viability (25.42± 4.19%) compared to the other treatments. In experiment 2, evaluated the gelatine and hypromellose capsules in comparation with the cryotubes as recipients for vitrification. Variables as: concentration and viability cellular, mitochondrial activity, and oxidative stress were analyzed. Cryotubes obtained higher cellular concentration in comparation to the gelatine and hypromellose capsules, while it showed similarity in cellular viability with the gelatine capsule. Mitochondrial activity was not different among the treatments as the lipid peroxidation. Cryotubes and hypromellose capsule obtain highest levels of antioxidant capacity. These results suggest that biodegradables capsules have the capacity to preserved testicular tissue to obtain viable spermatogonial cells after vitrification and warming. In addition to play an important role as an alternative of vitrification recipients.

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Abstract The management and protection of urban habitats are relevant conservation strategies since cities around the world harbor a diversified fauna. Unfortunately, basic species inventories are unavailable for most cities located in tropical regions. In this context, valuable information about the presence of species in cities can be obtained through citizen science platforms. We compiled data available on the iNaturalist platform and in the literature to provide a qualitative assessment of squamate reptile diversity in three major Amazonian municipalities: Belém, Manaus and Rio Branco. We found 1,200 photographic records of 122 reptile species on the iNaturalist platform which represents about 70% of the reptile fauna of the three municipalities. Within the urban perimeters, were recorded 25% (Belém), 38% (Manaus), and 58% (Rio Branco) of reptile species from the regional pool of each municipality. Most of the photographic records were obtained within urban forest fragments or in urbanized environments near them. The species recorded within the cities are subsets of the regional pool of each municipality suggesting that faunal homogenization apparently has not affected the urban reptile assemblages until now. Protecting and managing forest fragments are important strategies for maintaining reptile diversity in these Amazonian cities.

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Abstract The Neotropical peripheral mountain systems in Colombia, including the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Montes de María, and Serranía de Piojó, have remained underexplored due mainly to historical armed conflicts. This study focuses on tardigrade diversity, particularly the Macrobiotidae family, in these regions. By reviewing specimens (in collections and newly sampled) from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, and new samples from Montes de María and Serranía de Piojó, this research expands the known geographic distribution of certain species and provides new data and amendments to species descriptions. Four potentially new species are reported: Calcarobiotus (Calcarobiotus) aff. gildae, Macrobiotus aff. ragonesei, Paramacrobiotus aff. centesimus, and Paramacrobiotus aff. gerlachae. Additionally, three new records for Colombia (Macrobiotus ocotensis, Mesobiotus coronatus, and Minibiotus continuus) are documented, increasing the known species for the country from 26 to 29. In addition, some specimens of the type series were reanalyzed, and new characters were found, leading to the addition of taxonomic comments on some Macrobiotidae species and an amendment of the description of Pam. centesimus. This research underscores the need for further studies (e.g. including molecular techniques), but it already contributes to the broader understanding of the unique and high biodiversity rich tropical ecosystems.

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Abstract The knowledge of diet is essential to understanding species biology and thus fostering conservation strategies. This study described and compared the diet of six species of anurans in the family Hylidae (Boana punctata, B. raniceps, Dendropsophus leucophyllatus, D. walfordi, Lysapsus bolivianus, and Sphaenorhyncus lacteus), from a floodplain environment in the Brazilian Amazon. Research was conducted in the Lake Maicá complex, in Santarém municipality, Pará state, between April and August 2023. The diet of the six species was composed mainly of arthropods, with the order Diptera being the most common prey category, except in B. raniceps (Orthoptera) and S. lacteus (Formicidae). We observed a weak correlation between individual body size and the volume of prey consumed. Overall, niche overlap between species was high, with most having a broad trophic niche and generalist diets. The exception was S. lacteus, which had a diet which specialized on ants. Additionally, these findings emphasize the ecological role of hylid frogs in regulating some arthropods populations, reinforcing their significance in maintaining trophic dynamics in floodplain ecosystems.

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Abstract Scirtidae are beetles whose larvae are aquatic and can be found in various habitats. The objectives of this study were to explore several aquatic habitats in the Amazon biome in search of Scirtidae using different methods for collecting larvae and adults, to propose a new reproduction method, and to report new records. Eight aquatic habitats were sampled: temporary ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, and four types of phytotelmata, including bromeliads, wild banana trees (Strelitziaceae), bracts, and palm sheaths (Arecaceae). These surveys were conducted across six states of the Brazilian Amazon: Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia, and Roraima. A total of 1,125 larvae were collected, of which 423 successfully developed into adults through laboratory rearing. In addition, 503 adult specimens were collected by sweeping vegetation and using traps. We also developed a laboratory rearing method capable of monitoring several larvae simultaneously to obtain adult specimens and biological information on immatures. As a result, four genera were recorded: Contacyphon, Ora, Scirtes and a new unnamed genus. The genus Contacyphon and the species Ora atroapicalis Pic, O. bivittata Pic, and O. depressa (Fabricius) were recorded for the first time in the Brazilian Amazon. Rearing allowed us to observe four different types of pupation.

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Abstract Huanglongbing (HLB) is the most devastating citrus disease worldwide, with no resistant varieties currently available. Effective management of HLB relies heavily on controlling its primary vector, the Asian citrus psyllid (<italic>Diaphorina citri</italic>, ACP). This study aimed to evaluate the attractiveness of different citrus varieties to ACP using a four-arm olfactometer and to characterize the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) extracted from these plants. The varieties tested included three sweet orange scions (‘Valencia’, ‘Westin’, and ‘Pera’) and three rootstocks (‘Rangpur’ lime, ‘Sunki Tropical’, and ‘BRS Bravo’). VOCs were extracted using HS-SPME and identified via GC-MS. Results indicated that ‘Sunki Tropical’, ‘Rangpur’ lime, and ‘Valencia’ were significantly more attractive to ACP compared to other varieties. The reduced attractiveness of rootstock genotypes, such as ‘BRS Bravo’ and the control ‘Flying Dragon’, was correlated with higher levels of germacrene D and γ-elemene. Conversely, the increased attractiveness of ‘Rangpur’ lime and ‘Sunki Tropical’ was associated with abundant D-limonene. In grafted scions on ‘Rangpur’ lime, linalool was identified as a key compound linked to the attractiveness of ‘Westin’ and ‘Valencia’. These findings suggest that the differential attractiveness of citrus varieties to ACP is influenced by specific VOC profiles.

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Abstract Baccharis dracunculifolia DC. is a dioecious shrub native to South America and the main botanical source of green propolis, an important commercial and medicinal product produced by Apis mellifera L. This study evaluated the phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of hydroethanolic extracts and essential oils from male and female plants collected from different populations. This is the first comparative analysis of genders from different populations, focusing on artepillin C, the main compound of industrial interest. Leaf extracts were analyzed by HPLC-DAD and LC-MS, while hydrodistilled essential oils were assessed using GC-FID and GC-MS. Antioxidant activity was measured using DPPH and ABTS assays. A total of 31 compounds were detected in the extracts, with 17 identified. Major constituents included 3,5-di-Ocaffeoylquinic acid , 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, and artepillin C. Essential oils were rich in oxygenated sesquiterpenes, monoterpene and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, with (E)- nerolidol, β-pinene, and limonene as the main volatiles. Male plants exhibited higher levels of non-volatile compounds, greater essential oil content, and stronger antioxidant activity in both extracts and oils. The highest artepillin C concentration was found in male leaves from both studied populations. These findings highlight the influence of gender and environment on the phytochemical profile, reinforcing its potential for highquality natural products.

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Abstract Antarctica provides a unique opportunity to understand changes in permafrost and global climate. Four monitoring sites were selected between maritime Antarctica and the Peninsula to study the temporal trend, air and soil temperature, and dynamics of the active soil layer. The Mann-Kendall method was used to determine the presence of a trend (complete series, seasonal and annual), the Sen-Slope test to check the degree of slope of the trend, and the Pettitt test to determine the exact date of the sudden change in the trend line. The thickness of the active layer - ALT - was estimated using the monthly maximum temperature. The local effects of each site influenced the dynamics of the active layer and the thermal regime. Deception heat balance was influenced primarily by geothermal activity, mainly at depth. In summer and autumn, the isotherm increases with depth at Low Head, Deception and Hope Bay. The Mann-Kendall test was significant for all sites studied. The ALT was thicker near the peninsula than in places in Shetland. Global warming causes increasingly frequent and intense extreme events, added to natural variability and the effect of local and regional climate factors.

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Abstract To enhance the antioxidant activity and quality of beef meat patties, and to make the best use of the wild fruit Ceylon gooseberry (CG), patties were prepared with varying concentrations of this fruit, from 0 to 3%. The physical-chemical, technological, and sensorial characteristics were evaluated over a seven-day storage period. The results showed a significant increase in radical scavenging activity for DPPH and ABTS assay in patties with CG. The addition of CG effectively reduced lipid oxidation and influenced the color, particularly the variables a* and b*. There was a reduction in hardness, accompanied by the lowest cooking loss, shrinkage rate, and diameter reduction in patties made with CG. Importantly, adding up to 3% CG can be done without compromising on the sensory quality of the product. The potential of CG to reform traditional patties into a healthier meat product is not only inspiring but also motivating, adding significant value to this wild fruit and the food industry at large.

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Abstract Wind energy has gained visibility in terms of progress and potential worldwide. In this context, scientific research in wind energy has shown significant progress, particularly in the development of computational fluid dynamics approaches that resolve the real scale wind turbines. The present study aims to apply Large Eddy Simulation (LES) to provide crucial spatial and temporal information on the flowfield surrounding a full-scale NREL 5 MW wind turbine in order to investigate the following: (i) wind turbine-generated wakes and their effects, (ii) interactions between the wind and turbine in terms of power generation, and (iii) wake effects for back to back turbines related to energy production efficiency. The numerical framework used in the simulations performs LES under a block-structured mesh that is dynamically refined to increase accuracy and reduce computational costs. The simulated 5MW NREL presented lower recovery velocities around the hub-height centerline in the near wake compared to other selected numerical results, which could be attributed to the simplification of the blade resolving geometry applied in the previous studies. Despite that, most results presented differences lower than ​10%​ among the profiles. In addition, the power generation is validated with NREL experimental data with a difference of around ​3.5%​.

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Abstract This study evaluated the efficacy of polyols by comparing them to sucrose in the osmotic dehydration (OD) of banana slices. The OD process was conducted by immersing the banana slices in binary solutions of sucrose, maltitol, xylitol, and erythritol, each with the same water activity, for periods of 30, 60, 120, 180, 240, and 300 minutes at 30 °C. The mass transfer kinetics were analyzed. Fresh and osmo-dehydrated samples were assessed based on quality parameters. During OD, water loss, solid gain, and weight reduction increased, while moisture content decreased. The Peleg model accurately represented the mass transfer kinetics. OD led to reductions in moisture content, water activity, luminosity, and yellowness, while it increased the color intensity of the banana slices. The type of osmotic agent did not significantly affect solid gain or shrinkage. Sucrose was the only solute that increased hardness. Erythritol produced samples with higher luminosity and yellowness, and less overall color alteration. Among the polyols, erythritol emerged as the most effective osmotic agent, according to the desirability function, making it an interesting alternative to sucrose for the production of osmo-dehydrated banana slices with low glycemic and insulinemic indexes.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Understanding hydrological dynamics in semi-arid regions is challenging due to high climate variability and limited data availability. Studies have been conducted using hydrological modelling as a tool to overcome such limitations. This challenge intensifies when considering future scenarios, particularly the effects of climate change on hydrometeorological variables. In this context, this study aimed to: (i) assess the accuracy of a hydrological model in simulating discharge in a mesoscale watershed located in the Brazilian semi-arid region for different time steps and (ii) evaluate the impact of changes in the reference evapotranspiration (ET0) pattern of the watershed on local water availability. The results showed that the hydrological model can represents the watershed’s streamflow very well over an annual time step with Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) = 0.83, Coefficient of Determination (R²) = 0.9 and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) = 0.16 m3.s-1. It was also found that changes in ET0 have a non-linear effect on the watershed’s streamflow, and a 15% increase in the ET0 trend resulted in a 23% reduction in local water availability.

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Abstract The steady-state convection-diffusion equation is part of the mathematical model for transport phenomena. Its exact solution may present boundary layers when convection is dominant. In these cases, numerical solutions of the second-order centered finite difference present spurious oscillations, and stabilized methods may present the smearing effect. Here new h1 and h2 vector norms and seminorms are proposed as analogs to the H1 and H2 norms used in the finite element framework, which allow defining new errors for the solutions and their derivatives obtained by the finite difference method. In addition, new wl2, wh1 and wh2 weighted norms and seminorms are introduced, allowing to observe convergences of the schemes similar to what should be expected theoretically. These norms and seminorms and their weighted versions are valid for uniform and non-uniform meshes. Furthermore, exact solutions with boundary layers are proposed as benchmarks together with the errors in the new vector norms of two classical finite difference schemes: centered and upwind. Numerical results indicate that a mesh that guarantees an acceptable approximation for the solution u does not guarantee an acceptable approximation for the derivatives of u. For this reason non-uniform meshes and new schemes will be analyzed in future articles.

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Abstract Solid oxide fuel cells can generate electrical energy with electrical efficiency exceeding 50% and reduce pollutant emissions, particularly, when the fuel is hydrogen. They have numerous applications, such as stationary generation, aircraft, and hybrid plants producing hydrogen and electricity. This work uses a thermodynamics lumped model to obtain the voltage versus current density of an SOFC, and distinctively of other authors also use heuristic and deterministic optimization algorithms to determine the main operation variables to achieve maximum power for a single cell. Moreover, it also has a detailed discussion of the transport of each overpotential, particularly the concentration overpotential, along with a comprehensive set of equations for its calculation. It also connects the physical and chemical phenomena to the main modeling variables. Unlike other reviewed studies, the Butler-Volmer equation is solved using an implicit solution. The results demonstrate that higher pressures and temperatures improve power output, with both heuristic and deterministic algorithms producing similar results for maximum power. The model allows the SOFC to operate efficiently within a hybrid system and serves as a method for estimating key operating variables while assessing the influence of physical and chemical parameters on performance.