Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract We introduce a two-parameter circular family of distributions based on the traditional von Mises distribution. A comprehensive account of the general properties of the new circular distribution is provided. Maximum likelihood estimation of the model parameters is discussed, and we provide a simple method to find the maximum likelihood estimates numerically. We also derive the expected Fisher information matrix for the model parameters. An empirical application to a real data set is considered to illustrate the new circular distribution in practice.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Using a green methodology, we performed a double vinylic substitution on 1,1-bis(methylsulfanyl)-2-nitroethylene, synthesizing six 2-nitromethylene heterocyclic compounds. These compounds were evaluated as corrosion inhibitors, and in silico predictions were made to assess their toxicity risks. The synthesized compounds are water soluble and exhibit strong corrosion inhibition activity, effectively protecting metal against mass loss. Furthermore, the in silico toxicity predictions indicate that these compounds do not present significant toxicity risks, positioning them as innovative, environmentally friendly alternatives for organic corrosion inhibitors.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Deep eutectic solvents combined with ultrasound assisted extraction (DES-UAE) was successfully performed to extract polyphenols from strawberry tree (<italic>Arbutus unedo</italic>). Choline chloride (ChCl)-glycerol and ChCl-lactic acid were chosen as the most effective DESs for <italic>A.unedo</italic> leaves and fruits, respectively. DES-UAE parameters (DES molar ratio, solvent:solid ratio, extraction temperature, extraction time) impacting the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total antioxidant activity (TAA) results of both fruit and leaf extracts were investigated at different conditions. The optimal conditions for leaf sample were determined as 1:2 ChCl:Glycerol, 30:1 ml/g solvent:solid ratio, 50 min time, and 60 °C temperature, whereas for fruit sample they were 1:2 ChCl:Lactic acid, 30:1 ml/g, 40 min and 50 °C, respectively. Under these conditions, leaf extracts contained TPC (46.94±0.13 mg GAE/g), TFC (20.14±0.46 mg CAT/g), DPPH (75.13±1.96%), ABTS (0.520±0.003 mmol TR/g) and FRAP (0.231±0.000 mmolTR/g) while fruit extracts contained TPC (10.17±0.18 mg GAE/g), TFC (2.30±0.05 mg CAT/g), DPPH (84.19±1.49%), ABTS (0.128±0.002mmolTR/g) and FRAP (0.033±0.001mmolTR/g) results. Further research into the optimization of parameters of DES-UAE for the extraction of polyphenols from <italic>A. unedo</italic> fruits and leaves may enable scalable applications in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries where the demand for efficient and sustainable methods is increasing.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Reversed-phase liquid chromatography is the most widely used analytical technique nowadays. However, it generates a large volume of toxic organic residues and presents poor separations of small polar molecules in traditional stationary phases. In this work, cellulose acetate butyrate was synthesized and used as a reversed-phase coating for separating compounds using highly aqueous mobile phases, reducing organic solvent consumption and minimizing the supra-cited problems. Cellulose acetate butyrate presented a degree of substitution of 0.65 (±0.05) by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, resulting in hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups in the polymer. The stationary phases were characterized physicochemically by infrared spectroscopy, indicating the polymer attachment on the silica surface with 180 m2 g-1 of surface area and 22 nm of mean pore size. The stationary phase was column-packed and chromatographically characterized by separating the Tanaka mixtures. These separations occurred in reversed-phase mode with hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions related to the acetate/butyrate and hydroxyl groups from the cellulose derivative. The stationary phase showed unique selectivity for separating small polar molecules with 90 % water in mobile phases. Cellulose acetate butyrate stationary phases can potentially separate polar compounds that require high water contents, making reversed-phase liquid chromatography closer to the Principles of Green Chemistry.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract New insecticidal products are needed to control mosquito populations reducing vector-borne diseases (VBD). Ovicidal control is essential to disease control because the egg bank replaces the population at each reproductive cycle in breeding grounds. The use of carriers and bioactive metals has already been proposed. In the present work, toxic glycerol mixtures with Cu(II) counterions (acetate, chloride, nitrate, and sulfate) were tested in different combinations, showing toxicity against eggs and larvae of <italic>A. aegypti</italic>. Glycerol is an efficient Cu(II) transporter to the larval gut’s intracellular environment. When using the glycerol-Cu(II) acetate, chloride, and nitrate samples, the larval incubation rate was greater than 95%, and the larval mortality rate ranged from 17% to 65%. The glycerol-Cu(II) sulfate was more toxic to eggs, and the sample glycerol-Cu(II) acetate was more toxic to the larvae among the tested counterions. The toxic action of Cu(II) would occur through the rupture and disintegration of the peritrophic matrix, permeation, formation of complexes, and the induction of oxidative stress in the region of the midgut (mesentery) of larvae and eggs of <italic>A. aegypti</italic> in alkaline pH. Using counterions may prevent the outbreak of mosquito populations in endemic areas, positively impacting regions that suffer from VBD.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of different maceration times (5, 10, 15 days) and fermentation techniques [<italic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</italic> inoculated (IF) and <italic>S. cerevisiae</italic> uninoculated (UF)] on the phenolic compounds of red wines produced from Öküzgözü grape variety. Wine samples were analyzed after maceration (AM) and after fermentation (AF) stages. Total phenolic compound (TPC) and total monomeric anthocyanin (TMA) values of wine at the AM stages were determined ranged between 1412.92-2083.75 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/L; 68.69-98.08 mg/L, while the TPC and TMA values of wine at the AF stages were found ranged between 1496.20-2008.67 mg GAE/L; 66.46-77.32 mg/L. Depending on the maceration time, the highest TPC value was reached in 15 days, while the highest TMA value was reached in 10 days of maceration for NF and SF samples. The highest amount of phenolic compound determined in all wines was quinic acid (33.03-81.81 mg/L), following that gallic acid (3.86-24.71 mg/L) and (+)-catechin (3.94-34.35 mg/L). Vanillic acid was not detected in all wine samples taken at both stages. This study has importance in terms of determination of the fermentation technique of red vines produced using Öküzgözü grape variety and presents its potential for industrial scale production.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract This study investigated the antiglioblastoma potential of nine synthetic anthraquinone derivatives (SAQDs). SAQDs were tested for their in vitro cytotoxicity against PBMCs and GBM02 cells. For PBMC, SAQDs showed no cytotoxic effects up to 100 µM. Four most promising SAQDs (1, 4, 5, and 9) demonstrated significant activity against GBM02, with selectivity index >4.54 for 1, >1.30 for 4 and 5, and >1.19 for 9. These compounds induced morphological changes, incluing cell rounding, cytoplasmic vacuolation, and membrane rupture, and inhibited cell migration. Due to the pharmacological role of oxidative stress, electrochemical methods were used to compare the reductive and oxidative capacities of the SAQD with their antitumor activity. Considering the reported findings, it is feasible to confirm that some SAQDs have antitumor effects, supporting additional studies of AQ for developing novel anticancer medications. Due to the small number of compounds investigated, it was not possible to observe a relationship between electrochemical and biological data. However, the electrochemical data are new and could be used to prepare other compounds on this line. CV data revealed that the sulfone’s electron-withdrawing effect facilitated the reduction. At the same time, the sulfides had shown less positive potential for oxidation waves due to the presence of electron-donating groups.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Propolis, harvested by bees from local and seasonal flora, exhibits a diverse chemical composition renowned for its antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory attributes. This positions it as a promising ally in combatting antimicrobial resistance. This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive investigation of in vitro studies investigating propolis’ antimicrobial efficacy. Employing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology, we conducted searches in PubMed, SciELO, and Lilacs databases. Articles published between 2011 and 2023, in English, Spanish, or Portuguese, and focusing on propolis’ in vitro antimicrobial activity against human pathogens were included using descriptors. Out of 291 initially identified articles, 34 were meticulously chosen post-application of exclusion criteria. Despite originating from diverse regions, propolis consistently demonstrates a rich profile abundant in fundamental phenolic compounds and flavonoids. The synergy of its constituent elements’ leads to significant antibacterial significant antibacterial and antifungal effects via distinct mechanisms. Appreciating the varied chemical compositions of propolis is imperative for optimizing its therapeutic potential. Its remarkable antibacterial and antifungal attributes, alongside standardized testing methodologies and exploration of synergistic combinations with conventional antibiotics or essential oils, present compelling strategies for effectively addressing antimicrobial resistance.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The success of 3D bioprinting in tissue engineering relies on i) precise bioink deposition for creating intricate tissue architectures and ii) good cell viability after printing. However, printed strands made of hydrogels are susceptible to time-dependent deformation —known as creep— which can compromise printing accuracy. Creep might be reduced by increasing the crosslink density, but this could be deleterious for cells in the bioink. Therefore, this study investigates the impact of creep on the printability of an Alginate-Gelatin-Hyaluronic acid bioink. Creep data were fitted with a linear rheological model that enables to predict the strand deformation over time. Furthermore, creep curves measured at different temperatures allow to determine an Arrhenius dependence of the parameters of the rheological model with time. The activation energies of the mechanisms involved in the rheological behavior of the bioink suggest that gelatin plays a significant role in the viscous response, while the network made by the entangled chains of alginate and hyaluronic acid is responsible for the anelastic deformation. This deformation decreased with simultaneous nebulization with CaCl2. Additionally, this bioink exhibited a high percentage of viable NIH/3T3 fibroblasts (78-90%) after 3D-bioprinting and Ca2+ immersion crosslinking processes.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract There is no consensus on the ideal type, dose, expansion, and differentiation of MSCs for treating knee cartilage defects. Our goal was to perform an overview of systematic reviews regarding the use of MSCs for the treatment of articular cartilage lesions of the knee. The overview of systematic reviews followed the Population (patients aged between 18 and 50 years with traumatic knee articular cartilage lesions), Intervention (MSCs treatment), Comparison (autologous chondrocyte implantation or microfracture), and Outcomes (magnetic resonance imaging or second-look knee arthroscopy) matrix. No language restrictions were applied. We assessed methodological quality, reporting standards, and evidence levels. A total of 529 records were retrieved from six databases. After duplicate removal and eligibility screening, nine systematic reviews were included, and three were updated with recent data. Most reviews suggested a positive effect of MSCs on cartilage regeneration; however, considerable heterogeneity was observed regarding MSC source, preparation methods, and outcome measures. MSCs show promise in the treatment of knee cartilage defects. Nonetheless, due to methodological differences and limited high-quality evidence, no standardized clinical protocol can yet be recommended. Further research is needed to establish consensus and guide clinical applications.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Tumor-secreted factors reprogram the stromal microenvironment to facilitate cancer progression. This study investigates the effects of the MACL-1 breast cancer cell secretome on CCD19-Lu fibroblasts. Fibroblasts treated with the MACL-1 secretome exhibited increased proliferation, altered morphology, and upregulated expression of vimentin, NFκB, and fibroblast-activating protein, indicative of an inflammatory, activated phenotype. Additionally, elevated mitochondrial superoxide levels and an enrichment of proteases were detected in the secretome, but not in corresponding cell lysates. These findings suggest that the MACL-1 secretome promotes fibroblast activation and inflammation, underscoring its potential role in tumor-stroma interactions and breast cancer progression.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widely used plasticizer that can leach from packaging, leading to contamination of food and beverages. Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals during critical windows of development may lead to functional abnormalities in adulthood. Disruption of redox homeostasis and impaired activity of key antioxidant enzymes contribute to testicular dysfunction and reduced sperm quality. We evaluated the effects of perinatal BPA exposure on the testicular enzymatic antioxidant system in the adult offspring of dams treated with BPA (0.5 or 5 mg BPA/kg BW/day) from gestational day 18 throughout postnatal day (PND) 5. The testes of offspring were collected at PND90, and the transcription levels of <italic>Sod1</italic> and <italic>Gsr</italic> were reduced, those of <italic>Nfe2l2</italic> and <italic>Blc2 </italic>were increased, and those of <italic>Casp3</italic> were not altered, whereas an increased ratio of <italic>Bcl2</italic>/<italic>Bax</italic> expression was observed in the BPA5 group. An increase in SOD activity was observed in the BPA0.5 group, and a decrease in GSR activity was observed in the BPA5 group. Functional enrichment analysis revealed interactions between antioxidant genes and those involved in the hypothalamic‒pituitary‒testicular axis and spermatogenesis. These findings suggest that BPA exposure can disrupt the antioxidant defense system in male reproductive tissues, potentially leading to adverse reproductive outcomes.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Radiotherapy can damage healthy brain tissue, leading to cognitive deficits. Physical exercise enhances neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity, improving cognitive functions like memory and learning. This study evaluated aerobic exercise’s effect on endothelial marker gene expression and memory in cranially irradiated mice. In total, 144 male Swiss mice were divided into sedentary control (SC), sedentary irradiated (SI), exercise control (EC), and irradiated exercise (EI) groups. The EI groups underwent treadmill training in three conditions: 3-months post-irradiation, 1-month pre-irradiation, and 1- month post-irradiation. Ninety days after irradiation, memory was tested using the open- field and object location memory tests. RT-qPCR analyzed hippocampal expression of VEGF-A, eNOS, and vWF. No differences were found in the open-field test, but sedentary irradiated mice showed impaired memory in the object location task. Treadmill training restored memory, especially in the 3-month post-irradiation group. Irradiation increased vWF expression, which physical exercise mitigated. Physical activity also increased VEGF-A and eNOS expression in irradiated mice. These findings suggest that post-irradiation exercise mitigates memory impairment and may influence vascular changes in the brain.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) is a complication in patients with Parkinson’s disease and undergoing long-term levodopa replacement therapy. This study evaluated the the potential therapeutic effect of Africanized honey bee venom (Apis mellifera L.) on LID in mice. Prior to bee venom (BV) or amantadine treatment, mice received medial forebrain bundle microinjections of 6-hydroxydopamine or ascorbate saline. The animals received dose of levodopa (6mg.Kg-1 for 5 days and 12mg.Kg-1 for 10 days) combined with a dose of 12 mg.Kg-1 of benserazide, for 15 days. Amantadine (40mg.Kg-1) or BV were administered at different dosages (0.1; 0.5 or 1mg.Kg−1) once every 2 days, starting from the last day of levodopa administration, for 2 weeks. The evaluation of abnormal involuntary movements, cylinder test, open field, rotational behavior and wire suspension were done on the day following the last administration of treatment. Was carried the histopathological analysis. The chemical composition of BV was also assessed, identifying the highest concentrations of apamin, phospholipase A2 and melittin and the antioxidant activity. Treatment with BV at a dose of 0.1mg.kg-1 reduced apomorphine-induced rotations, increased the number of contralateral contacts to the lesion, and increased grip strength, restoring motor control impaired by LIDs, indicating potential therapeutic efficacy.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Essential oils (OEs) have emerged as an increasingly promising alternative for vector control to replace synthetic insecticides. This work aimed to evaluate the toxicity of essential oil from <italic>Citrus sinensis </italic>(pear orange) peels on sand flies of the species <italic>Lutzomyia longipalpis</italic>. The insects were exposed to different concentrations of the essential oil (100, 200, and 400 mg mL-1), and the survival rate after exposure was evaluated. The chemical characterization of the essential oil was carried out using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The results showed that the essential oil from <italic>C. sinensis </italic>peels was toxic to sand flies at all concentrations evaluated, with a reduction in the survival rate with increasing concentration. Nine compounds were identified in the essential oil of <italic>C. sinensis</italic>, with <italic>d</italic>-limonene having the highest percentage of relative peak area of the total ion chromatogram. Further studies are needed to support the development of an efficient product that helps control these vectors.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The objective was to assess the prevalence and long-term persistence of olfactory and taste disorders among health professionals in the context of COVID-19. The study was carried out with 53 professionals, who were divided into 3 groups: (1) IgA and/or IgG positive for SARS-CoV-2 with loss of smell and/or taste (n=37); (2) IgA and/or IgG positive for SARS-CoV-2 without loss of smell and/or taste (n=7); and (3) IgA and IgG negative for SARS-CoV-2 (n=9). The collection of information was made using questionnaires by telephone contact. Symptoms of malaise and loss of smell and/or taste revealed an association with COVID-19 test results. Of the 53 participants, 39 reported impaired smell and taste, 37 with a positive diagnosis, and 2 with a negative diagnosis. Of the 53 professionals, 31 had Long COVID; the longest-lasting symptoms were loss of smell and taste. The study showed that there is a high prevalence of olfactory and/or taste alterations, both in the short and the long term, in individuals who tested positive for COVID-19.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Skin wounds are common injuries, and many treatments have been proposed, especially membranes. Some studies have been exploring the potential of the skin of Amphibians as a source of peptides for wound treatment, which has been an extremely promising source of bioactives to be used, although there is a lack of effects on pre-clinical animal models, which makes it difficult to understand the results and the choice of the best protocol to use. In this context, the purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review of the literature to examine the effects of membranes manufactured with peptides from frogs on the process of healing skin wounds using in vivo experimental models. This systematic review was carried out based in the orientations of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) utilizing PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases. This review confirms the significant benefits of using these peptides for injury repair and regeneration. Moreover, a faster healing and a full wound closure, with well-organized dermal and epidermal layers were found in the wounds treated peptides from frog skin.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, with a worldwide increasing prevalence attributed to socioeconomic, demographic, environmental, and genetic factors. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is closely linked to obesity, unhealthy diets, and physical inactivity, resulting in oxidative stress and DNA damage due to insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction. Additionally, T2DM leads to hyposalivation, elevated salivary glucose, and periodontal disease. This study aimed to evaluate DNA damage in the oral mucosa of 78 individuals (ages 30-76) with T2DM, pre-diabetes, or healthy controls, who reported engaging in physical exercise or not. Micronuclei were assessed in 100 oral epithelial cells per individual. Statistical analysis included descriptive and normality tests, as well as Kruskal-Wallis. Our results showed an increased number of micronuclei in T2DM patients, regardless of physical exercise. This suggests that T2DM can induce DNA damage, an effect not prevented by self-reported physical exercise. These DNA damages are involved in the comorbidities associated with T2DM, leading to cellular dysfunction. Moreover, the micronuclei assay proved to be a reliable, effective, minimally invasive, and low-cost biomarker for the prevention, screening, and monitoring of T2DM.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract This study investigated the impact of ripening temperature on the microbial diversity of Serrano artisanal cheese (SAC), a raw milk specialty from southern Brazil. Despite its cultural and economic significance, the effects of ripening conditions on SAC microbiota remain underexplored, particularly in unpasteurized dairy products. Cheese maturation was conducted at 5°C, 12.5°C, and 20°C for 60 days, with microbial assessments every 15 days using metabarcoding (16S rDNA and ITS sequencing). The results revealed temperature-dependent shifts in bacterial and fungal communities. Maturation at 5°C favored the proliferation of pathogens associated with raw milk contamination, while higher temperatures reduced pathogenic bacteria and promoted lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (<italic>Enterococcus</italic>, <italic>Lactococcus</italic>, <italic>Lactobacillus</italic>, <italic>Leuconostoc</italic>, and <italic>Streptococcus</italic>), which contribute to pathogen inhibition and sensory quality preservation. Physicochemical analyses demonstrated correlations between temperature, humidity, pH, fat, NaCl, and microbial composition. A review of ripening criteria is recommended, including a reduction in the minimum legally required maturation period (from 60 to 30 days) under controlled temperature conditions, as demonstrated in this study, alongside the implementation of technical regulations and knowledge dissemination to ensure product quality and safety.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Efficient biotechnological processes are necessary in environments impacted by toxic compounds to reduce environmental impacts. Microorganisms from cold environments have been drawing attention due to the characteristics of synthesizing enzymes at low temperatures. We evaluated the production of enzymes and the discoloration of dyes to develop a microbial consortium recovered from sediments from maritime Antarctica. A total of 40 bacteria and 24 fungi were evaluated. Eleven bacteria (27.5%) produced protease, 13 (32.5%) amylase activities. Nine (37.5%) fungi produced cellulase, lipase, and ligninase. The highest Enzymatic Index for protease (4.1), lipase (1.8), and amylase (4.88) were detected for <italic>Cladosporium</italic> sp. (FAR18) and a bacterium (BAD38), respectively. Four bacteria and one fungus were submitted to urban and industrial effluent discoloration assay. <italic>Psychrobacter</italic> sp. BAD 12, <italic>Exiguobacterium oxidotolerans</italic> BAD 40, and <italic>Cladosporium</italic> sp. FAR 18 displayed the highest discoloration values for textile effluent. In addition, <italic>E. oxidotolerans</italic> BAD 40 was able to discolor domestic effluent by a 0.76% reduction. The highest value of discoloration of the textile effluent by the microbial consortium was 12.06% after five days. Results indicate that bacteria and fungi from the Antarctic continent may represent an alternative to bioremediation processes in cold environments contaminated with industrial and/or urban effluents.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The results showed that after treating <italic>C. albicans</italic> with Artemisinin (0.104 mg/ml) for 3 hours the number of <italic>C. albicans</italic> decreased and affected the morphology hyphae and growth of <italic>Candida</italic> compared with Fluconazole (150 mg/ml) and control (infected mice). The biomarker levels in the tongue showed high levels of MDA and TGFβ (623±1.5pg/ml, 586.1±0.13pg/ml respectively) in (infected mice with fungi). IL-37 was recorded high level (49.21±0.21pg/ml) in (Neoral +Fungi + artemisinin + fluconazole) compared with negative control. The finding biomarker levels in stomach showed high levels of MDA and IL-37 (533.8±1.9, 69.76±0.39pg/ml) in (Neoral + Fungi + artemisinin + fluconazole) compared with control. TGF β was recorded high level (1002±0.32pg/ml) in (Neoral + Fungi + Artemisinin) compared with negative control. The biomarker levels in intestine showed high levels of MDA and TGFβ (1149±0.34pg/ml, 1089±0.3pg/ml respectively) in (mice infected with fungi). IL-37 was recorded high level (74.14±0.14pg/ml) in (Neoral + Fungi + artemisinin + fluconazole) compared with negative control (normal mice). The biomarker levels in serum showed high levels of MDA and TGFβ (1668±0.12 pg/ml, 1629±0.05 pg/ml respectively) in (mice infected with fungi) at (P<0.05). IL-37 was recorded high level (135.1±0.8pg/ml) in (negative control). In conclusion, artemisinin has a role as antifungal and <italic>C. albicans</italic> infection causes the imbalance in immunity.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Our study focused on the phytotoxic and antifungal activities of metabolites isolated from <italic>Fusarium</italic> sp., an endophyte associated with the medicinal plant <italic>Piper</italic> sp. Chromatographic separations of the <italic>Fusarium </italic>sp. crude extract led to the isolation of three analogous compounds: anhydrofusarubin (1), 5,10-dihydroxy-1,7-dimethoxy-3-methyl-1H-benzo[g]isochromene-6,9-dione (2), and javanicin (3). The structures of the isolated compounds were determined by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) analysis and direct comparison of 13C NMR data with that reported in the literature. The isolated compounds were evaluated for phytotoxic activity against <italic>Lactuca sativa</italic> and <italic>Agrostis stolonifera</italic>. All compounds exhibited strong phytotoxic activity on both plant species, completely inhibiting seed germination at a concentration of 1 mg mL-1. Additionally, the isolated compounds were evaluated against <italic>Lemna paucicostata</italic>, achieving a 50% growth inhibition (IC50) at concentration of 64, 28, and 31 μM for compounds 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The antifungal activity of these compounds was evaluated using a bioautography assay targeting the agricultural pathogen <italic>Colletotrichum fragariae</italic>. Among them, compound 2 demonstrated significant antifungal activity. Our results showed that tropical medicinal plants harbor an interesting endophyte that has a potential reservoir of bioactive compounds. Moreover, the structures of these compounds could serve as scaffold for the development of new pesticides.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract This study aimed to identify and evaluate the antimicrobial resistance profile of Enterobacterales and <italic>Staphylococcus</italic> spp. isolated from raw milk samples from mammary quarters with subclinical mastitis (SCM), from three small dairy farms suppliers of raw milk for cheese production, in Rio de Janeiro state. Raw milk from each mammary quarter was investigated for signs of SCM using the California Mastitis Test (CMT). Raw milk with signs of SCM (SCMM) was seeded on Compact-Dry EC and Compact Dry X-SA. The strains were identified by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and evaluated for antimicrobial resistance, by disk diffusion test. SCM was observed in 13 (8.02%) mammary quarters from farm A, 24 (25%) from farm B and 7 (7.95%) from farm C. <italic>Staphylococcus aureus</italic> was the most isolated on farms A (55.56%) and B (75.00%). <italic>Enterobacter roggenkampii</italic> was isolated for the first time from SCMM, being the most prevalent specie on farm C (50.00%). Methicillin-resistant <italic>Staphylococcus aureus</italic> (MRSA) and Methicillin-resistant <italic>Staphylococcus chromogenes</italic> (MRS)<italic> </italic>were isolated from SCMM from farms A and B. The health of the dairy herd requires great attention, mainly reflected in the control of MRSA/MRS.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical-chemical quality parameters of strawberry fruits, cultivar San Andreas, depending on different pollination mechanisms. The study was conducted in the municipality of Barra do Choça - BA, organized into five treatments, with four replications: T1- Natural pollination (NP), T2- Natural pollination with a density of bees (NPDB), T3- Manual cross-pollination (MCP), T4- Pollination by anemophily (PA) and T5- Self-pollination (SP). For the pollination treatment with a density of bees, four hives of Iraí (<italic>Nannotrigona testaceicornis</italic>) and four hives of Jataí (<italic>Tetragonisca angustula</italic>) were placed near the strawberry plantation. After pollination of all treatments, the flowers were bagged until the development and maturation of the floral receptacle. The fruits were harvested, quantified, and subjected to evaluations to determine physical and chemical parameters. Pollination with a density of bees and natural pollination provided fruits with higher average weight, diameter, and length. Natural pollination, natural pollination with density of bees, manual cross-pollination, and anemophily pollination showed greater chromaticity in the fruits. Natural pollination and density of bees provided the best parameters (Weight, °Brix, ratio, and vit. C). Self-pollination presented the lowest averages in most of the variables analyzed.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract <italic>Mullus argentinae</italic> Hubbs & Marini, 1933 is a common demersal fish that inhabits the Brazilian and Argentinean coastal zone. A total of 200 specimens of <italic>M. argentinae </italic>were collected over the four seasons (spring, summer, autumn, and winter), from 2009 to 2011, from the littoral of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in order to study their parasite community, including their composition and structure. The distribution pattern of the parasite species was investigated using metacommunity analysis, in addition to beta diversity calculations and their components. We investigated the influence of the seasonality (temporal factor) and host-related biological variables (body length and mass) on the occurrence and abundance of parasites throughout their hosts. A total of 12 parasite species were collected (nine endoparasites and three ectoparasites). The digenean <italic>Prosorhynchus </italic>sp. presented the highest values of abundance, intensity, and prevalence of infection. An influence of seasonality on the abundance of almost all analyzed parasite species, and on their distribution along the studied metacommunity was observed, which indicates that temporal factors may be important for the patterns of interaction of these parasites with their hosts.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Brevoortia pectinata is important for the fish industry and crucial for the ecology of South Atlantic marine environments. Despite this importance, the structure of the parasite community of B. pectinata has never been investigated. We evaluated for the first time the parasite community structure from a population of B. pectinata, off the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and the factors influencing it. One hundred fish were bought from local fisherman at Sepetiba Bay (22°57’44”S; 43°52’28”W). Detailed parasitological examination revealed that all fish were parasitized by at least one parasite. We found 14 parasite taxa: 3 monogeneans, 4 copepods, 1 isopod, 3 digenetics and 3 nematode larvae. Presence of both adult and larvae indicated that B. pectinata occupies an intermediate trophic level, acting as definitive and intermediate / paratenic host. The community had low diversity and was dominated by the monogeneans Mazocraeoides georgei and Kuhnia sp., whereas the endoparasites were less prevalent and abundant. Fish schools and host specificity seem to be important for ectoparasite infestation, and host diet influenced the infection by trophic-transmitted endoparasites. Fish sex and body length exerted weak influence in the parasite community structure, which was depauperate and non-interactive.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract We investigated allelopathic interactions between native and exotic species of the Cerrado biome. We studied the effects of the exotic Andropogon gayanus and the native A. bicornis on the initial growth of two native (A. fastigiatus and Lepidaploa aurea) and two exotic species (Melinis minutiflora and Stapfochloa elata). Leaves or roots of the donors were each mixed at ratios of 0.75, 1.5 and 3% (litter/soil) with soil samples collected in the same areas where they spontaneously co-occur with their target species. We found that A. gayanus inhibited the growth of all target species, what agrees with the novel weapon hypothesis. The native A. bicornis stimulated the growth of the two native species and of S. elata but inhibited the growth of the exotic M. minutiflora, in line with the homeland security hypothesis. Our studies suggest that allelopathy may have a part in the invasiveness of A. gayanus and that the inhibitory effect of A. bicornis on the growth of M. minutiflora might help to control the spread of this exotic grass. We conclude that allelopathy may be involved in the interactions between species and be used in controlling the spread of exotic species over many areas of the Cerrado.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The demand for electricity grows with human expansion. Hydroelectric plants harness river energy but impact freshwater ecosystems. Reservoirs alter water flow, sediment, and local aquatic communities. Environmental variables affect aquatic macrophytes, which play crucial roles in ecosystem balance. This study examines the effects of pH, conductivity, oxygen, temperature, and depth on macrophytes in Belo Monte reservoirs. The study sampled 34 sites in the Xingu and Intermediate reservoirs, measuring the variables pH, conductivity, oxygen, and temperature. We used linear models to assess the relationship between macrophytes and environmental characteristics. Aquatic macrophytes, identified and categorized into life forms, showed significant variation in species richness. Results indicated that pH negatively affects macrophyte richness. Most species were emergent, belonging to Poaceae and Cyperaceae families. The study underscores the importance of pH in determining macrophyte diversity, possibly due to the ecophysiological responses of macrophyte to ionic variations. Temperature was a determining factor for the occurrence of emergent species. We highlight the need for further research on how environmental changes impact aquatic ecosystems, especially considering ongoing and future dam projects in the Amazon biome.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Habitat loss and fragmentation have enormous impacts on biodiversity and tree plantations can help alleviate these impacts. We study bat assemblage, as well as the diet of frugivorous bats in a managed <italic>Eucalyptus</italic> plantation of sustainable use in Rio Claro, São Paulo state, Brazil. We captured 86 bats of nine species, where five species of them ate 17 plant species, mostly pioneers (93.7%). Three species were most dominant, frequent and important in seed dispersal: seba’s short-tailed bat (<italic>Carollia perspicillata</italic>), great fruit-eating bat (<italic>Artibeus lituratus</italic>), and little yellow-shouldered bat (<italic>Sturnira lilium</italic>). These species are the most abundant and main seed dispersers in Brazil. Compared to literature data from other <italic>Eucalyptus</italic> plantations, we concluded that our studied <italic>Eucalyptus</italic> area with understory and emerging regenerating native species provided greater diversity than in areas where <italic>Eucalyptus</italic> is used commercially and the understory vegetation is constantly altered; the fruits exploited by these three bat species demonstrates their ability to adapt to food availability and coexist with other species; <italic>Eucalyptus</italic> forests cannot be considered as biological deserts if they are not managed so intensively as in commercial plantations.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract <italic>Lepidaploa bracteospinoflava </italic>is a new species of Asteraceae from the Atlantic Forest in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The species was discovered in the high-altitude grasslands of Desengano State Park. It is characterized by the whitish sericeous on the abaxial leaf surface with prominent yellowish veins and involucral bracts with yellowish spines. We presented morphological comparisons among closely related species within the genus <italic>Lepidaploa</italic>, a dichotomous identification key for species in Rio de Janeiro state, illustrations, and a geographic distribution map. <italic>Lepidaploa bracteospinoflava</italic> is critically endangered due to its limited distribution, with an Area of Occupancy (AOO) of 3.000 km². The species is known from a single location, making it highly vulnerable to habitat loss and climate change. Field expeditions in Desengano State Park and surrounding areas are encouraged to locate additional populations. This discovery highlights the importance of continued botanical exploration and conservation efforts in critical biodiversity hotspots in Brazil.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The native bivalve <italic>Brachidontes darwinianus</italic> occurs in sympatry with the invasive bivalve <italic>Mytilopsis leucophaeata</italic> in Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon, an urban coastal lagoon located in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Both species are found in hard substrates and form clusters around the lagoon. This study aimed to evaluate the population aspects, such as growth and mortality rates, of the native bivalve <italic>B. darwinianus</italic> and compare with data available for <italic>M. leucophaeata</italic> for this lagoon. Population data were analyzed and compared between bivalve species over two years: 2016-2017 and 2017-2018. In both years, the growth rate of <italic>B. darwinianus</italic> remained similar (K = 0.5), while the mortality rate showed a slight increase in the second year (Z2016-2017 = 2.25; Z2017-2018 = 2.9). The densities of <italic>M. leucophaeata</italic> were significantly higher than those of <italic>B. darwinianus</italic> regardless of the year analyzed. However, an increasing trend in the densities of the native bivalve was observed in the second year, suggesting a coexistence of native and invasive bivalves in the lagoon. Therefore, more studies are needed to understand the ecological interactions between these species, given that the invasive bivalve is established and can induce changes in the benthic community of this environment.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Bats emit echolocation calls for orientation, foraging, and social interactions. These calls are mostly species-specific, making them reliable for inventories and assessing habitat use – characteristics particularly useful in large, species-rich, but poorly sampled areas. This is the case of Carajás, in Brazilian Amazonia, a mosaic of cave-rich dense forests and unique metalophilous savannas (known as canga), harboring a rich bat fauna alongside industrial iron ore mining, underscoring the need to preserve biodiversity. We used bioacoustics (142,000 minutes of recording) to inventory bats at 61 points in Carajás between 2021 and 2023, and identified 43 sonotypes of seven bat families, including species rarely recorded with capture nets. Eleven species were recorded for the first time in Carajás. Species richness varied among habitats – but cangas had greater richness stability and a more distinct species composition. All areas with imminent mining had high bat richness. Richness in a post-mined area increased, possibly indicating resilience of some species. By providing a reference sound library for bats in Carajás, we proved the usefulness of biacoustics to improve the environmental licensing processes involving mining in biodiversity-rich areas, useful not only for Amazonia but also for other tropical habitats with high bat species richness.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract This study aims to assess the scientific knowledge regarding the impact of pesticides and non-essential metals on freshwater aquatic organisms within the Amazon basin. The investigation encompasses a comprehensive analysis, including: i) temporal patterns; ii) methodological approaches; iii) keywords; iv) geographical distribution; v) academic institutions; vi) studied groups of aquatic organisms; and vii) specific environmental contexts investigated. It was used 203 publications in Web of Science and Scopus databases. A discernible ascending trajectory in publication frequency was observed over time, exhibiting a robust and statistically significant correlation with citation counts. The predominant disciplinary focus was discerned to be Environmental Science. Prevalent keywords encapsulated “Mercury,” “Fish,” “Amazon”, “methylmercury” and “bioaccumulation”. Noteworthy scholarly contributions emanated primarily from Brazil, with substantive collaboration of the United States, France, Canada and Bolivia. Among the foremost research entities were Brazilian institutions. Bioindicator selection exhibited a distinct predilection for fishes. The diverse spectrum of aquatic environments scrutinized included rivers, lakes, laboratory settings, and reservoirs. This scientometric analysis not only furnishes insights into the global trajectory of research on pesticides and non-essential metals within Amazonian aquatic ecosystems but also identifies prevailing methodologies, research lacunae, and prospects for future investigations within the Amazon basin.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Here we describe and illustrate <italic>Vriesea museunacionalii</italic>, a newly discovered bromeliad species endemic to the Serra do Mar in southern Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We compare this new species with <italic>V. erythrodactylon</italic>, enlightening the differences especially in growth pattern, color of leaf sheaths and general inflorescence size. Additionally, we provide nomenclatural, taxonomic, conservation, and etymological notes, as well as photographs and illustrations. The taxon is named in tribute to the oldest scientific institution in Brazil, the Museu Nacional da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. <italic>V. museunacionalii</italic> is a small-ranged new species, described as critically endangered.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Cage fish farming promotes the input of organic matter into the surrounding aquatic environment, which can alter the availability of food resources and consequently change the diet of wild fish. Thus, gathering information about cage fish farming influences on the aquatic environment is important. We aimed to evaluate the effects of cage fish farming on the trophic ecology of the omnivorous and non-native fish<italic> Triportheus nematurus</italic>. We collected individuals in areas with (CF) and without (CT) the influence of cage fish farms in April and July 2019, to analyze the stomach contents to determine the diet composition of the individuals. The diet composition and the trophic guild were different between the CT and CF groups. However, the average trophic niche breadth did not differ between groups. <italic>Triportheus nematurus</italic> did not directly consume the organic matter coming from the cages, such as feed. Still, we suggest that the differences occurred due to changes in the availability of food resources promoted by cage fish farms and the attractive potential of the cultivation cages. In short, these results can help understand the implications of this cultivation system in the aquatic environment, contributing with new information and expanding already described data.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Order Sapindales includes species with high economic potential and wide geographic distribution, for which there are taxonomic divergences and gaps in knowledge of pollen morphology. The Atlantic Forest, albeit fragmented, houses many Sapindales species for which palynological studies are still incipient. The present study aims to investigate the morphology of pollen grains of Sapindales species occurring in an urban forest fragment located in southeastern Brazil. This forest fragment presents high species richness, which include five families of Sapindales: Anacardiaceae R.Br., Burseraceae Kunth, Meliaceae A. Juss., Rutaceae A. Juss., and Sapindaceae A. Juss. The botanical material used belongs to the Leopoldo Krieger Herbarium collection. Our observations were done under light microscope and scanning electron microscope, using standardized methodologies adopted in Palynology. Our findings show that the pollen grains have a subcircular, triangular or quadrangular amb; peroblate to prolate shape; the apertural types are 3-porate, 3-colporate, 3-syncolporate and 3-parasyncolporate; and ornamentation varies from psilate, reticulate, microreticulate to striate.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Testate amoebae are widely distributed organisms, playing essential roles in several aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. This study presents an overview of the biodiversity of Testate amoebae (Arcellinida and Euglyphida) in the state of Bahia, Brazil, over the last 108 years, based on unpublished data and information from the literature. The records covered 19 municipalities and seven river basins. A total of 172 infrageneric <italic>taxa</italic> were identified, with Difflugiidae and Arcellidae standing out as the most representative and <italic>Centropyxis aculeata</italic> as the only constant species (FO = 100%). We observed a total of 25 occurrences that were new to the state. The study considered ecological and methodological aspects, including biomes, types of aquatic bodies, ecosystems, collection methods, mesh sizes, and compartments. Methods such as washing macrophyte rhizospheres and using 20 μm nets have demonstrated greater efficiency in estimating richness. The analysis of accumulation curves indicated that the sampling method recorded approximately 76.3% of the estimated biodiversity. Despite the advances, gaps remain, <italic>e.g.,</italic> in the Cerrado biome, in temporary lakes, and in sediments. This study reinforces the importance of methodological standardization and investment in studies in the Bahia state to improve knowledge about regional and global biodiversity.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The deterioration of surface water quality in the hydrographic basins of the mountainous region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, has led to an increasing dependence on well drilling for access to groundwater. Although this groundwater is often considered a high-quality source suitable for consumption, it may contain elevated concentrations of Uranium (U) due to the regional lithological geochemistry. The study area, located in São José do Vale do Rio Preto (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), features a complex geological composition that influences the hydrochemical in the region’s fractured aquifers. This research primarily aimed to investigate the factors contributing to high levels of U in groundwater in this region. Advanced geophysical techniques were employed, including gamma-ray spectrometry to assess radioelement concentrations and magnetometry to map structural directions in the area. The study mapped contamination patterns both on the surface and subsurface, establishing a precise correlation between groundwater flow dynamics and the influence of the Central Tectonic Boundary (CTB), a significant transpressive shear zone affecting the regional geological structure. In addition to the geophysical data analysis, the research evaluated the impact of local geological formations on U distribution in well samples. By integrating these results, the study clarified the relationship between geological formations, groundwater flow, and U contamination. This understanding can guide strategies to mitigate water quality issues and provide insights for more effective groundwater management practices in the region.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract To enhance landscape connectivity and mitigate the effects of forest fragmentation caused by urban expansion and human activities, ecological corridors (EC) have been proposed as a solution. This study evaluates the financial costs associated with land acquisition for the establishment of an EC between the Municipal Natural Park Biodiversity Corridors (PNMCBio) and the Ipanema National Forest (Flona Ipanema) using LSCorridors for EC modeling. Using land use and vegetation cover data as input, corridors were modeled based on four different resistance surfaces, which were generated in LSCorridors (pixel-based measure (PM), minimum (LMmin), average (LMavg), and maximum (LMmax) landscape measures. The models utilized a land use and vegetation cover resistance map from 2019. Additionally, an information plan was developed to assess the costs of land acquisition based on generic municipal maps. Among the LSCorridors methods, the PM approach resulted in 41.05% of the EC area being legally protected and yielded the lowest acquisition cost, totaling R$ (Brazilian real) 487,476.16. This proposed model can assist public managers in making informed decisions about EC proposals, thereby optimizing the allocation of public resources.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract This study investigates the application of advanced clustering methods to geological fracture analysis in the Baba Kohi anticline, located in the folded Zagros region of southwest Iran. The primary aim is to enhance fracture classification accuracy by integrating the k-means algorithm with a genetic algorithm to cluster joints and faults. The study employs a combination of traditional field methods, library research, and advanced mathematical techniques, including digital elevation models and satellite imagery, to identify and classify fractures. The analysis reveals two main fracture trends: one oriented N20E, parallel to the anticline axis, and the other N80W, perpendicular to the axis. These trends are consistent with regional tectonic forces, specifically the structural characteristics of the Zagros orogenic belt. Additionally, shear-tensile joints are identified, reflecting the impact of local faulting activities on fracture formation. The results demonstrate that the combined use of k-means and genetic algorithms offers significant advantages over traditional fracture analysis methods, particularly in terms of improving clustering accuracy and reducing errors associated with complex geological settings. This approach highlights the importance of integrating advanced mathematical techniques in geological studies, contributing valuable insights to the petroleum industry and enhancing the understanding of fracture systems in structurally complex environments.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Heat loss from Earth’s interior, driven by conduction and convection, influences lithospheric thermal regimes. This heat originates from mantle convection, primordial planetary accretion, and the decay of radioactive heat-producing elements (RHPE: U-238, U-235, Th-232 and K-40), which contribute around 98% of Earth’s radiogenic heat production, crucial for surface radioactive heat flux (SRHF). Understanding RHPE is key to studying geothermal dynamics, especially in volcanic regions like Trindade Island, Brazil. This study aims to: Quantify U, Th, and K concentrations in volcanic soils; map their spatial distribution, detect anomalies and evaluate radiogenic heat production and flux. Three methods were used: whole-rock ICP analyses for geochemical characterization, laboratory gamma spectrometry (LabGRS), and in situ gamma spectrometry (surfGRS) for spatial coverage. A total of 77 samples and 481 measurement points were analyzed and SRHF was measured. Results show that the thorium contributes most to SRHF, providing insights into heat generation and mantle-crust volcanic interactions. This study provides critical insights into radiogenic heat generation and its role in lithospheric thermal evolution, offering a refined understanding of heat production in oceanic volcanic settings. The findings enhance geophysical and geochemical models of heat flux, contributing to broader studies on mantle-crust interactions and geothermal energy potential.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Freshwater stingrays play a crucial ecological role in the Amazon; however, studies on their parasitic fauna still need to be made available. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of hemoparasites, specifically Cyrilia spp., in specimens of Potamotrygon wallacei from the Lower Rio Negro, Brazil. The research was conducted through nighttime fishing at Praia do Açutuba and the Tupé Sustainable Development Reserve. Blood samples were collected by puncturing branchial vessels, and smears were stained and analyzed under a microscope for parasitemia quantification. The results showed that specimens from Açutuba did not present significant parasites, except for one individual, which exhibited a possible macrogamont. In contrast, all specimens from Tupé displayed various parasitic stages, with parasitemia levels ranging from 0.2% to 1.3%. Morphological analysis identified predominantly intracellular stages such as trophozoites, pre-gamonts, macrogamonts, and microgamonts. It was noted that the observed stages were more similar to those characteristic of the genus Cyrilia spp. than to any other haemogregarines in fish. The study concluded that environmental and site-specific factors, such as habitat type, may influence parasitic distribution, with igapó areas favoring higher parasitic activity than beach areas.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Due to their smaller size, sorghum grains often remain intact during ensiling, which can impair starch availability for fermentation and reduce their overall digestibility. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of the mechanical processing of the forage mass before ensiling, as well as the length of storage in whole plant sorghum silages. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 2 × 3 factorial scheme, with two processing methods (non-processed or processed) and three storage lengths (35, 70, and 105 days). Two counter-rotating smooth rolls were used to smash the chopped forage, aiming to expose the starch matrix of the sorghum grains without altering the forage fraction particle size. Crude protein contents decreased while ammonia nitrogen increased for long storage length silages due to proteolysis. <italic>In vitro</italic> dry matter digestibility was lower for processed silage compared to non-processed silage. Storage length increased the percentage of particles retained on sieve 3 (> 4 mm), while decreased particles retained on sieve 2 (> 9mm) of the Penn state particle separator. The combination of processing method and storage length of whole-plant sorghum silages enhanced crude protein solubilization elucidating the effectiveness of these practices in promote starch availability.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Mosquito-borne diseases pose a major public health challenge, with <italic>Aedes aegypti</italic> being a primary vector in subtropical regions. Temperature and resource availability are key environmental factors influencing mosquito development, survival, and fitness. However, the relative contributions of these factors, particularly under climate change scenarios, remain unclear. Here, we show that temperature plays a more significant role than food availability in shaping <italic>A. aegypti</italic> life history traits, with differential effects on males and females. To investigate this, we reared <italic>A. aegypti</italic> larvae in controlled environments at 17°C and 27°C with two levels of food availability (0.02 or 0.04 g/L of Spirulina Alcon® fish food). In an intra-sex comparison, higher temperatures accelerated larvae survival rate and development, particularly in males, while females exhibited prolonged development in cooler conditions, leading to larger adult body sizes. Wing asymmetry was significant in females across treatments, likely due to food stress, but remained unchanged in males. Our findings highlight the complex interaction between temperature, resource availability, and sex-biased phenotypic plasticity in <italic>A. aegypti</italic>. Given the accelerating effects of global warming on mosquito populations, temperature-sensitive vector control strategies are crucial for mitigating the spread of mosquito-borne diseases.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Anacondas rank among the largest snakes on Earth. Found throughout South America, including urban areas, they are commonly traded globally. However, information on anacondas’ parasites and pathogens is scattered, necessitating a comprehensive summary. Using morphological and molecular approaches, we provide new records of the ticks <italic>Amblyomma</italic> <italic>dissimile</italic> and <italic>A. rotundatum</italic> hosted on ethanol-preserved specimens of<italic> Eunectes murinus</italic> and <italic>E. deschauenseei</italic>. The presence of <italic>A. rotundatum</italic> on <italic>E. deschauenseei</italic> represents the first record to this rare and poorly known species. Our literature review revealed 45 organisms living on anacondas (13 animal species, four protozoans, 10 fungi, 17 bacteria, and one viral lineage), mostly on <italic>E. murinus</italic>. Anacondas rescued in urban areas or kept in zoos provide a fortuitous opportunity for collecting data on parasites and pathogens, useful for measuring the impacts of habitat anthropization, as well as for preventing the spread of diseases disseminated by traded animals. Withal, characterizing anacondas’ parasites and pathogens is paramount to establishing appropriate treatment of diseases caused by these agents, and in cases of accidents involving humans.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Crocodilians are semi-aquatic reptiles with highly sophisticated anatomy and physiology that are well adapted to dwell in freshwater environments or be exposed to brackish and saltwater, indicating the complex nature of the organization and function of the urinary system in these animals. The objective of this work is to describe the morphology of the kidneys and adrenal glands of <italic>Caiman yacare</italic>, providing morphometric comparisons between male and female animals. It is concluded that macroscopically, the kidneys had an elongated oval shape, reddish-brown color, and greater width in the middle region. The kidneys are associated with the wall of the coelomic cavity, together with the adrenal glands and gonads. Histologically, the renal structure consisted, from the outer periphery to the inner core, of the collecting tubules, the cortical region, the proximal and distal convoluted tubules, the renal corpuscles and the medullary region. The adrenal glands are composed of two types of tissue: adrenocortical tissue and chromaffin tissue. Morphometric analyzes revealed that male kidneys exceeds female kidneys in most macroscopic biometric dimensions. The diameter of the renal corpuscles for both sexes was greater in the caudal portion of the right kidney, and in the middle portion of the left kidney, for males.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The effects of agricultural-grade magnesium chloride (MgCl2) and gonad sampling on white scar oysters (<italic>Crassostrea belcheri</italic>) were evaluated. Oysters were anesthetized with 4 MgCl2 solutions at 4 concentrations (0, 30, 50, or 70 g L-1) for 24 h. The most effective solution was subsequently used to study the effects of gonad sampling using needles of different sizes (20G, 22G, or 24G) on <italic>C. belcheri</italic>. The results revealed no significant differences in the percentage of anesthetized oysters after exposure to 30, 50, or 70 g L-1 MgCl2 for 24 h. However, the 50 g L-1 MgCl2 solution was most effective at inducing anesthesia in <italic>C. belcheri,</italic> with 86.67±6.67% after 15 h. No significant differences in mortality rates were observed 7 days after anesthesia among the oysters immersed in 30, 50, or 70 g L-1 MgCl2. The 20G, 22G, and 24G needles enabled gonad sampling for sex determination, with no mortality in any treatment group after 15 days. Therefore, a cost-effective anesthesia protocol and gonad sampling method was established for <italic>C. belcheri</italic>. These protocols are valuable for <italic>C. belcheri</italic> broodstock management, facilitating effective breeding and other research studies requiring <italic>C. belcheri </italic>survival after tissue sampling.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Cytomorphological evaluation of peripheral blood provides information about the health status of animals, in addition to being indicators of environmental contamination. However, reference data regarding the size and shape of elasmobranch blood cells is limited. This work aimed to determine the morphological and morphometric of Potamotrygon motoro and Potamotrygon orbignyi blood cells. The stingrays were captured in white water environments in the lower Solimões River region, state of Amazonas, Brazil. Blood was obtained through puncture of the branchial artery using syringes with 10% EDTA. Morphological and morphometric analyses of the cells were carried out on blood samples stained with May Grunwald-Giemsa-Wright. Erythrocytes, erythroblasts (immature erythrocytes), thrombocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, heterophils, eosinophils and basophils were identified in the blood of both species. No evidence of erythrocyte abnormalities was found, and the blood cell’s morphological characteristics were similar to those described for other species of freshwater stingrays. Despite the identical shape, the size of erythrocytes, monocytes and heterophils were significantly different between the stingray species analyzed. The information obtained in this study will assist in developing biomarkers of aquatic contamination and contribute to future research on the clinical diagnosis and conservation of freshwater stingrays.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The tambaqui Colossoma macropomum is the main species of edible fish originating from fish farming in the Amazon region. This study aimed to determine and compare the blood physiology of tambaqui from fish farms in municipalities in the Metropolitan Region of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Two fish farms were sampled in a semi-excavated pond-type breeding system in the five investigated towns. There were notable variations between Iranduba and Novo Airão in the erythrogram’s hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, and erythrocytes, indicating signs of anemia and dehydration. Fish from Novo Airão and Iranduba have low levels of plasma biochemistry. Low levels of fatty molecules were detected in Manacapuru tambaqui. The leukogram and thrombogram assessed the similarities among tambaqui from different farms and communities and showed significant intraspecific variation. However, as seen by the elevated blood levels of triglycerides and cholesterol, fish from Manacapuru are fed an unsuitable diet. Determining the hematological parameters of C. macropomum tambaqui, the primary native species produced in Brazil, is crucial for defining the boundaries between healthy and diseased conditions for this significant aquaculture species. Supporting rural agricultural regulatory organizations, tambaqui producers, and researchers.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Length-weight relationships (LWR) were calculated for five freshwater ornamental fish species from the middle Negro River basin in the Brazilian Amazon. Samplings were carried out from October 2011 to February 2012, and the specimens were found close to stream margins and submersed tree trunks and captured with hand nets. This study provides the LWR and condition factor (Kn) parameters for <italic>Carnegiella strigata </italic>butterfly fish, <italic>Dekeyseria brachyura </italic>jaguar fish, <italic>Dicrossus maculatus </italic>chess fish, <italic>Paracheirodon axelrodi</italic> cardinal and <italic>Petitella georgiae </italic>drunk’s nose. Descriptive statistics and estimated LWR parameters, including coefficient of determination (r2) and 95% confidence limits for a and b. Values of a ranged from 0.005 to 0.014, b ranged from 2.555 to 3.418, and r2 ranged from 0.931 to 0.996. Every species of fish displayed allometric growth (b ≠ 3). No difference was observed between the Kn of the five fish species, indicating good body condition. The information gathered here could be helpful for population dynamics research as well as for developing conservation and sustainable management plans for ornamental fish populations in the middle Negro River basin, Amazonas, Brazil.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The rodent fauna of the South Caucasus, including Nagorno-Karabakh, has remained largely underexplored for many years. Comprehensive data on the distribution, ecology, population dynamics, and biology of rodents, particularly the grey dwarf hamster, are still lacking. To address this gap, we selected the grey dwarf hamster as the focal species of our study, concentrating on specific areas within the Martakert community, including its regional center and parts of the Varnkatagh community. These areas have been impacted by both agricultural activities and military operations. Agricultural work exerts a dual impact on the grey dwarf hamster population: on the one hand, it negatively affects and reduces their numbers; on the other hand, it can create favorable feeding conditions that promote their growth and development. Military operations have had a devastating effect, irreversibly destroying the habitats of these animals and leading to significant population declines, contributing to the risk of local extinction. Our study is based on long-term field observations conducted in the Martakert and Varnkatagh communities between 1999 and 2023. Over this period, a total of 11,855 small mammals were captured, including 2,875 grey dwarf hamsters.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract In the neotropical region, the subtribe Luzarina is the most representative within Phalangopsini, currently with 128 valid species distributed in 49 genera (Cigliano et al. 2025). In this contribution, a new genus and species, <italic>Parapalpigera amazonica </italic>gen. et sp. nov., is described based on specimens collected in Northern Brazil, in the Amazon rainforest. The genus is closely related to <italic>Melanotes</italic> Desutter-Grandcolas, 1993 and <italic>Palpigera </italic>Hebard, 1928, but it can be distinguished by the following combination of characteristics: reduced tegmina without stridulatory apparatus; absent tympanum; very elongated and thin palps; shape of the endophallus sclerite; bifid endophallus apodeme; and shape of the female copulatory papilla.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Maritime Antarctica has a milder climate than the Antarctic continent and is naturally more sensitive to rising global temperature. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the soils, including those with permafrost, as well as the relief and the occurrence of organic carbon at Byers Peninsula. This study aims therefore to investigate soil physical and chemical properties at Byers Peninsula, Maritime Antarctica, in particular, the distribution of organic carbon. Thirteen soil profiles were described, collected, and subjected to a physical, chemical, and spatial analysis. Colonization by avifauna and vegetation is important for inputing soil organic carbon at Byers Peninsula. Cryoturbation and permafrost are crucial for the redistribution of the C pool. Distribution of organic carbon on the Byers Peninsula have shown that its concentrations are higher and more punctual at the surface, but also that carbon has been redistributed to deeper layers. Gelisols (Cryosols) are important C pools. They are extremely useful from the environmental monitoring perspective as they represent areas sensitive to temperature increases on the Antarctic Peninsula caused by global climate changes. Using geomorphological groups is one way to improve the understanding of these relief forms, soil and rock types, vegetation patterns, and the presence of permafrost.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Uncontrolled population growth and intensified human activities result in environmental impacts on water bodies and soils in Permanent Preservation Areas (PPA) found in riparian areas (RA). This study aimed to assess the water quality of the Antas River and the soil fertility of its PPA present in riparian areas, correlating the results with the land use and occupation in riparian areas. Land use and occupation mapping was conducted in the Antas River watershed, and subsequently, 14 sampling points were selected along the main river. Water samples were collected at these points and characterized for parameters of the water quality index (WQI). Soil samples from the riparian area at the sampling points were collected and fertility analyses were performed. The data indicate that vegetation in RA is essential for soil fertility, positively influencing organic material, phosphorus, calcium, and pH in CaCl2. The significant presence of native vegetation is associated with higher organic material in the soil, lower levels of aluminum, and better water quality indices. Conversely, urbanized areas with low organic material, high aluminum concentrations, and poor water quality show a direct relationship.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract This research focuses on predicting cardiovascular disease using machine learning classification strategies. The study presents a unique approach by integrating multiple machine learning techniques, leveraging the strengths of Random Forest and Gradient Boosting. The authors developed a novel ensemble learning model, combining Linear Regression, Random Forest, and Gradient Boosting algorithms, optimized using Bayesian hyperparameter tuning. The model demonstrated superior performance in predicting CVD outcomes, with classification accuracy of 95.5%, 94.26%, and 98.3% for Linear Regression, Decision Tree, and Gradient Boosted methods, respectively. The true positive rate for the GB algorithm’s predictions of patients was 98.3%. The study hypothesizes that the GB method predicts the Framingham dataset better than other algorithms using 4240 samples.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract An extensive investigation in limestone and dolostone ground in a planetary ball mill was achieved bearing in mind the different paths often observed in particle size reduction and agglomeration between these rocks and their increasing use in ultrafine size ranges for eco-friendly engineering applications. Two samples ground (dry) in a planetary ball mill up to 32 h were examined using laser scattering, physisorption, electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis. Static hardness and crystal grain sizes were measured in parent rock specimens. For limestone, the apparent grinding limit (12 µm) was reached after 1 h, and no changes were observed in lattice strain, crystallite size and infrared bands related to CO32- vibration modes. For dolostone, these properties changed significantly when the grinding limit (6 µm) was achieved (8 h). Calcite-aragonite transformation was mostly observed in intensely ground dolostone. The activation energy for thermal decomposition of calcite and dolomite was correlated with lattice strain and particle agglomeration. The lower grinding rate noticed for dolostone was attributed to its refined grain size. Distinct energy dissipation mechanisms were portrayed once the grinding limit was reached: agglomeration and deagglomeration cycles in limestone; plastic deformation and growth of strong agglomerates in dolostone.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Rainfall and river flow indices in the Paraíba do Sul river basin from 1962 to 2022 were evaluated to characterize extreme maximum flow and rainfall events. Data were collected from pluviometric and fluviometric stations in 10 municipalities using the HIDROWEB platform. Extreme values for rainfall and flow were identified using the 99th percentile and the Gumbel distribution, respectively. The Mann-Kendall test analyzed trends in extreme events and historical time series. Results indicated that extreme events were mostly not statistically significant. However, the historical series showed a balance of positive and negative trends in precipitation, while all flow trends were negative. A spatial distribution map of accumulated rainfall averages was created using the Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS) platform, revealing spatial rainfall heterogeneity across the basin. Additionally, a double-mass graph from CHIRPS data compared changes within sub-basins to the basin’s average. This work concludes that while there is a trend of decreasing streamflow in the Paraíba do Sul basin, precipitation levels have not shown a corresponding decrease, suggesting that the reduction in streamflow is not primarily due to meteorological factors.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Decommissioning Offshore Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) platforms is a process that requires technical expertise in a variety of technical endeavors. The mooring systems of FPSO platforms use high-tenacity polyester yarn, which is based on high molecular weight polyethylene terephthalate (PET). They are of high value and shouldn’t be thrown away like any other trash. The present study aims to evaluate the development of new materials based on post-consumer polyethylene with the addition of different content of PET fibers (0, 5, 10, and 15 wt.%) processed by fusion in a twin-screw extruder with a side feeder. The processing conditions were set so that the polyester remained in the fiber shape in the melt bulk. In a second step of the study, a compatibilizer agent (polyethylene grafted maleic anhydride—PE-g-MA) was added in the PE/PET fiber blends to evaluate the improvement in the interaction between phases. Mechanical, rheological, and morphological analyses were carried out and showed that PE/PET fiber blends are promising structured materials to be used for the development of new materials with different properties. This study is in line with the goals of the global circular economy.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Evaluate the compound effect of land use and cover and ENSO (El Niño-Southern Oscillation) on the streamflows of two paired subbasins of the Itacaiúnas River Basin (IRB), Brazilian Eastern Amazon. Specific discharge data were determined using rating curves for the period from 01/27/2020 to 01/27/2022. ERA5-Land reanalysis data were used to assess mean precipitation and land use and land cover maps were used to assess changes in land cover dynamics. The region was influenced by La Niña of weak intensity that lasted 3 years. In 2020, during the rainy season, the sign of land cover prevailed in subbasins hydrographs variability. Thus, the main flow rates of the pasture were higher than those of the forest. And during the dry season, the mean flow rates of the forest were the highest. However, in 2021, the La Niña signal became moderate in intensity, modifying the hydrographs. The two subbasins did not undergo significant changes in land use and cover from 2020-2021 and were subjected to the same climatic conditions. Therefore, the increase in minimum discharge in the pasture subbasin in 2021 was a consequence of the moderate La Niña event in the Niño region 3.4.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Policy interventions often aim to address complex challenges (e.g, the UN Sustainable Development Goals) requiring input from various stakeholders. Funding organizations are placing a greater emphasis on the longer-term socioeconomic impacts of research and promoting scientific collaboration across these dimensions, assuming it will fuel such returns. This study examined São Paulo publications that influence public policies using the Overton database in SciVal (Elsevier). The data suggests that São Paulo research may have a significant influence on public policies in Brazil and worldwide. To capture this influence, there should be an increase in international and corporate collaborations, as well as a need for joint actions with policy bodies to increase usage. Open Access did not influence use in public policies, but publishing in top journals was fundamental. Impact increased when publications were used in policy documents. There was a significant influence on themes related to climate change and its control, with major contributors including intergovernmental agencies such as the World Bank, FAO, and the United Nations, followed by the USA, UK, and Germany. Brazil appears in 8th place. This study is based on Scopus data, and Overton itself has limitations, which are discussed in the paper and which may cause bias in the interpretations.