Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The inverse Nakagami distribution due to Louzada et al. (2018) does not have closed-form maximum likelihood estimators. Closed-form estimators by adapting the method of moments are proposed in this note. Also proposed is a bias corrected version of the estimators. Large sample properties including asymptotic variances of the proposed estimators are derived. A simulation study and data applications are provided to compare the performances of the maximum likelihood estimators, the proposed estimators and their bias corrected versions.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The lucuma tree (Pouteria lucuma), native to South America, is gaining attention for its unique nutritional profile and potential health benefits. This study aimed to analyze the nutritional composition, antioxidant capacity, and fatty acid profile of lucuma fruit from a high-altitude valley in Bolivia. The proximate analysis revealed high levels of carbohydrates (41.7%), dietary fibre (2.4%), and protein (6.9%). Antioxidant assays identified significant amounts of polyphenols, flavonoids, and carotenoids, known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The fruit’s fatty acid profile showed a healthy omega-6:omega-3 ratio of 0.21. These results highlight lucuma’s potential as a functional food and support further research into its health benefits.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Ironwood (Libidibia ferrea) is cultivated and widely used due to its medicinal properties attributed especially to phenolic compounds. In the seedling stage, different environmental conditions influence the synthesis, composition, and accumulation of bioactive compounds in different ways, mainly under water stress. Thus, given the wide distribution, this study aimed to analyze the occurrence and distribution of phenolic compounds in L. ferrea seedling for three different states/climate typologies: Pará/Af, Amazonas/Am, and Maranhão/Aw. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and plantlet histochemistry were applied to determine the phenolic compounds distribution present in the extracts of leaflets and roots, respectively. Three different metabolic profiles were described, of which Pará/Af and Maranhão/Aw were similar, while Amazonas/Am showed quantitative differences in the composition. Among the main phenolic compounds were found gallic acid, ferulic acid, and caffeic acid, and presented different concentrations according to origin. The only phenolic compound found for all origins was gallic acid. Therefore, it was demonstrated that the chemical profile of phenolic compounds is conserved in L. ferrea, and significant variations were not observed, which ensures the use of this species regardless of origin.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The seeds of bacupari, tucumã, and peach palm fruits have distinct characteristics that significantly influence their industrial applications and nutritional value. These seeds have slightly acidic pH levels (5.88 − 6.79), indicating the presence of organic acids. The tucumã seed, for instance, stands out with a high lipid content of 19.35 g 100 g−1, contributing to a high energy value, while the bacupari seed has low lipid levels (0.73 g 100 g−1). Bacupari seeds exhibit high antioxidant potential using the β-carotene/linoleic acid method (244% inhibition) and vitamin C (91.17 mg AA 100 g−1). There were significant variations in phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity among the seeds analyzed. The fatty acid profile, with a predominance of saturated acids, 90.42 and 88.66%, for tucumã and peach palm oil, respectively. However, the high atherogenicity and thrombogenicity rates suggest caution in consumption. The analysis of triacylglycerol molecules in pupunha and tucumã seeds demonstrated the predominance of mono-, di- and triacylglycerols. When analyzing the acidity index throughout the storage period, a clear trend towards an increase in its results is observed. Therefore, proposing control measures is essential for its correct use.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The N5⁻ anion, known as pentazolate, represents a groundbreaking advancement in the field of energetic materials, offering promising applications in rocket propulsion, explosive devices, and pyrotechnics. Comprising five nitrogen atoms arranged in a cyclic structure with a negative charge, has captured significant interest due to its unique configuration and high energy potential. In this article, we provide a comprehensive overview of the N5⁻ anion’s potential as an energetic material, alongside the role of RMD simulations in elucidating its behavior. The ReaxFF forcefield was used to simulate the materials pyrolysis. The total energy behavior of different species containing pentazolate, across a range of temperatures (1500 K to 3000 K) revealed distinct trends and characteristics associated with the thermal dynamics and stability of the molecule under varying thermal conditions. Their mechanisms were elucidated, and the kinetic parameters were calculated, indicating that CNN5, with its low activation energy (39.14 kJ/mol), stands out as the most reactive, while PolyN5, with the highest activation energy (52.88 kJ/mol), is the most stable. Overall, the N5 - anion represents a promising avenue for the development of high-energy materials.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The present study evaluated the efficiency of the larval extract of Aedes aegypti associated with Bacillus thrurigiensis var. israelensis as oviposition bait to enhance the attractiveness of the Double BR-OVT trap. In the laboratory, paired tests were carried out, using two oviposition sites. Thirty pregnant females of A. aegypti were used per test. In the field, paired traps were installed at eight points. The test traps (2 g larval extract + 1 g Bti/ 2 L), controls (1 g Bti/ 2 L). For tests with lyophilized extract, each test trap contained 0.26 g/lyophilized larvae + 1 g Bti/ 2 L. Laboratory results showed that all cups treated (68.8 %/ 842 ± 177; 72.5 %/ 822 ± 167; 70.4 %/ 904 ± 169, respectively), with or without Bti, collected more eggs. In the field, traps treated with larval extract or lyophilized plus Bti collected more Aedes spp eggs (64 %/ 582 ± 467; 62.5 %/ 511 ± 531) and C. quinquefasciatus (65 %/ 11 ± 10; 70 %/ 5 ± 4.3) rafts. The association of Double BR-OVTs traps with larval extract plus Bti proves to be efficient alternatives for the integrated control, with the strategy of attracting and eliminating mosquitoes.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) have been identified as biomarkers for several diseases, including cancer. The increase in the expression of these enzymes has been related to greater tumor aggressiveness. MMP-26 is expressed constitutively in the endometrium and some cancer cells of epithelial origin. However, there is a lack of studies on its expression on prostatic carcinoma. In this study, the evaluation of MMP-26 reactivity by immunohistochemistry (IHC) was carried out in 150 paraffinized samples representative of benign and malignant prostatic lesions. 70 of the 150 samples showed IHC immunopositivity, being more prevalent in carcinoma cases (44 out of 70 cases) with moderate and strong intensity. The expression and intensity of the MMP-26 reaction showed a significant association with total PSA values. As expected, serum PSA levels were higher in cases of carcinoma than in prostatic hyperplasia or atrophy. Studies have demonstrated the potential of MMP-26 as a tumor marker, and our results have shown that its immunoexpression was useful to differentiate a group of benign and malignant samples in prostate tumors. This characteristic can assist in the predictive assessment and, consequently, in the development of new strategies for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of prostate cancer.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Sodium deoxycholate (DC) mesotherapy is approved for submental fat reduction but lacks evidence for body contouring safety in other body regions. Thus, we studied the systemic and hepatic metabolic effects of DC mesotherapy (50 µg/twice weekly for 4 weeks) in the inguinal white adipose tissue of female and male Swiss mice on a 20% fructose diet (drinking water) for 12 weeks. DC led to adipose tissue hemorrhage, foam cells, and fibrosis, although no body weight and adiposity loss, similar to humans. In males, glucose and hepatic metabolism, hepatic morphology, and protein expression (farnesoid X receptor and fibroblast growth factor-21) did not change by DC, even under fructose feeding. In females, although DC increased hepatic total cholesterol, most changes when detected were due to fructose (e.g., hepatic weight and lipid deposition). In conclusion, chronic DC mesotherapy proved safe for systemic and hepatic metabolism, and when adverse effects are present, they are sex-specific, impacting mostly females, especially under an unhealthy diet. Overall, care must be taken to extrapolate this data to humans since further studies are required to prove its safety in other body systems.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Erythropoietin is a renal cytokine involved in regulating hematopoiesis. Current evidence indicates that erythropoietin exerts pleiotropic effects in animal models. However, its role in painful diabetic neuropathy, as well as the possible action mechanisms are not yet established. Therefore, this was the purpose of our study. Rats were injected with streptozotocin to produce hyperglycemia. The mechanical allodynia was measured by the up-down method using the von Frey filaments in diabetic rats. To determine the action mechanisms of erythropoietin, levels of NF-κB in serum were measured with ELISA and was used L-NAME (Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride, non-selective nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; 0.1-1 mg/kg, i.p.), glibenclamide (ATP-sensitive K+ channels blocker; 1-10 mg/kg, i.p.), methiothepin (non-selective 5-HT receptor antagonist; 0.01-0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) and naloxone (non-selective opioid receptor antagonist; 1 mg/kg). Intraperitoneal administration of erythropoietin (500-4000 UI/kg) prevented allodynia in diabetic rats. Additionally, erythropoietin significantly decreased serum levels of NF-κB during the evaluation of tactile allodynia and L-NAME, glibenclamide and methiothepin, but not naloxone, reverted erythropoietin-induced antiallodynia. These data suggest erythropoietin effect on painful diabetic neuropathy are mediated at least in part, via deactivation of NF-κB, activation of nitric oxide-ATP-sensitive K+ channel pathway as well as the activation of 5-HT receptors.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Galectin-3 regulates cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions in distinct tissues, including intestinal epithelial cells interfering with inflammatory responses. In the gut, galectin-3 stabilizes epithelial junctions and intestinal permeability. Here, it was investigated whether gliadin (protein of gluten) can induce inflammatory reactions in the digestive system in the presence or absence of galectin-3. BALB/c wild-type (Lgals3+/+) and genetically mutated in LGALS3 (Lgals3-/-) mice were divided into controls (water) or orally supplemented with gliadin (100mg/day) for 30 days. Fragments of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon and rectum were processed for histological analysis and immunohistochemistry. Gliadin induced an inflammatory response in the gut of Lgals3+/+ and Lgals3-/- mice, but with high severity in the Lgals3-/- mice. Galectin-3 was significantly expressed by enterocytes in all fragments. However, it was drastically reduced after gliadin supplementation and directly associated with severe inflammation in all compartments of the gut. In parallel, gliadin supplemented Lgals3-/- mice showed significant inflammatory signals in the mucosa, including leukocyte infiltration in mucosal sites, hyperplasia of crypts, enhance of intraepithelial lymphocytes, and hypertrophy linked to accumulation of apoptotic bodies in the Peyer’s patches. These data suggested that galectin-3 plays protective roles in the gut submitted an inflammatory stress after gluten intake.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Among the methods tested for termite eradication, termiticides derived from plants are particularly noteworthy. These termiticides represent an effective strategy for insect management, causing minimal environmental harm and posing less risk to human health than widely used chemical controls. The present study aims to obtain crude protein extracts from termites and to characterize their cellulolytic activities for their use in the bioprospecting of natural termiticides. Adult individuals were collected in wood fragments, identified, selected, and sectioned to obtain two protein extracts: one sample contains the entire exoskeleton. The other contains only the abdominal portion of the termites. The extract obtained exclusively from the termite abdomen (ABE) presented the highest concentration of proteins (670 mg/mL) compared to the crude extract of whole termites (EWT) (495 mg/mL) and the extract of the fungus Trichoderma viride isolated from termites (TvE) (397 mg/mL). All extracts showed enzymatic activities of total cellulase, endoglucanase, and exoglucanase. However, TvE showed the highest activities for all kinds of enzymes. Although the cellulolytic activities of the crude termite extracts were relatively low, they were measurable and stable. This stability permits their use in screening potential natural termiticides.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Figures are essential to convey the main results of scientific articles. Different biomedical research fields have different methodologies and therefore different forms of data representation. To understand whether there are distinct patterns of data representation, we analyzed how results are displayed in scientific publications from six fields: Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Zoology. Our results show that Graphics were the most frequent type of representation, followed by Schemes and diagrams. Microscopy was the third most used type of image in most fields, except in Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, where Molecules and chemical reactions were the third most frequent. Interestingly, each research field has a characteristic pattern of image. We further classified the image types in primary or secondary data, according to the level of human interference in its construction. Each field has a particular proportion of primary and secondary images. We also analyzed the frequency of words and observed a remarkable vocabulary difference between fields. The most frequent word of each field nicely correlates with the unique type of figures used. Specific fields might gain more visibility for their data by using diverse approaches in image representation.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Memory, learning, anxiety, and depression have concerned science for years, increasingly leading to research into new therapeutic targets. The study investigated the effect of acupuncture stimulation of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve (ABVN) on memory, anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors in healthy rats. Healthy rats were divided into groups: (1) control, without treatment; (2) acupuncture in the left ABVN; and (3) acupuncture in the right ABVN. Tests were conducted to evaluate memory (inhibitory avoidance and object recognition), anxiety-like (open field, elevated plus maze, and light/dark box), and depressive-like (sucrose preference and forced swimming) behaviors. In addition, the concentration of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus of the rats was evaluated. The control group did not show any changes in the behavioral tests. The animals that received acupuncture (ABVN-R and ABVN-L) remained longer on the light side of the light/dark box test compared to the control group. Acupuncture in the ABVN-R also increased the concentration of BDNF in the hippocampus of the animals. Accordingly, acupuncture stimulation of the ABVN did not show an antidepressant effect or improve memory in healthy animals; however, it did show an anxiolytic effect and increased neurotrophic levels in the hippocampus.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has left a legacy in the management of health emergencies, but sentinel surveillance was relatively underused, despite its significant role in decision-making during epidemics. Here we describe a sentinel surveillance for anti-SARS-CoV-2 serology carried out on a cohort of 395 individuals at a Brazilian institution, from October 2020 to December 2022. A total of 1,507 serum samples were analyzed for IgG and IgA against SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) or nucleocapsid (N) proteins, in the pre- and post-vaccination periods. The latter included two doses of CoronaVac (group 1, G1), or ChAdOx-1 or BNT162b2 (group 2, G2), followed by heterologous booster doses. In the pre-vaccination phase, 26.5% of the participants showed IgG reactivity for S and 13.7% for N. After the vaccines’ first dose, S IgG response was positive in 66.6% or 98% of G1 or G2 participants, respectively, whereas 100% of the participants showed S IgG positivity after the second dose, and S IgG and IgA after the booster. This initiative enabled the examination of viral transmission beyond hospital environments, which has rarely been explored, and established protocols for managing future emergencies. In addition, a serum bank and a comprehensive database are now available to the scientific community.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract This study investigated in vivo and in vitro the trans-anethole anti-inflammatory activity on vascular and cell events and the involvement of inflammatory mediators. In vivo Wistar male rats (180 - 200 g; n=6/group) received trans-anethole per oral and the anti-inflammatory activity was assessed on the models of paw edema, peritonitis and air pouch. In vitro, peritoneal macrophages were incubated with trans-anethole to evaluate cytotoxicity, cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS) stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). In vivo trans-anethole (1 mg/kg) inhibited: edema (42%), vascular permeability (58%), migration of total leukocytes (50%) and neutrophils (42%), IL-1β (75%), IL-6 (61%), macrophage inflammatory protein-MIP-3α (64%), NO2 -/NO3 - (35%), malondialdehyde (MDA) and histological alterations induced by carrageenan. Trans-anethole (25 μM) also inhibited polymorphonuclear migration (90%), MIP-3α (83%) and TNF-α (60%) challenged by LPS. In vitro trans-anethole (10 - 50 μM) increased IL-6 per se and reduced inflammatory mediators released by macrophages: TNF-α (up to 80%) and IL-1β (up to 81%) challenged by LPS, and ROS (up to 43%) by PMA, without causing cytotoxicity. In conclusion, trans-anethole has anti-inflammatory effects on vascular and cellular events of acute inflammation via inhibition of cytokines and free radicals produced by macrophages.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract To evaluate if an unfavorable maternal environment induced by hyperglycemia, hypoxia, and oxidative stress status impairs the morphological development of pancreatic islets in the fetuses on days 18 and 21 of pregnancy. Wistar rats were injected with streptozotocin for diabetes induction. At adulthood (3 months), all animals underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for glucose assessment as an inclusion criterion. Following, the animals were mated. On day 18 and 21 of pregnancy, the mothers were killed for blood biochemical data and, fetal pancreas was collected for immunohistochemical analysis. On the GD18/21, the diabetic (D) dams showed higher glycemia, erythropoietin and TBARS levels, and a disorganized cell distribution in fetal pancreatic islets compared to control (C) rat mothers. The fetal endocrine pancreas of D dams presented a higher ratio of insulin-stained cells on GD18. No difference in the immunostaining for PDX-1 was observed. Fetuses of D dams showed a lower ratio of cells immunostained for Ki-67 in GD18 and greater cell proliferation in GD21. At the GD21, the D group showed a higher ratio of cells undergoing apoptosis. Maternal hyperglycemia impairs fetal pancreatic islet structure, which causes functional changes contributing to fetal hyperglycemia at birth

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Several studies suggest that international collaboration increases the impact of science. In this study, we selected 50 universities and 10 research institutes to analyze whether publications produced over a 10-year period would gain more visibility through the occurrence of international collaboration. To address this question, we selected the top 10 ranked universities in the world (2023), along with the top-ranked universities in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and Oceania. Additionally, we included 10 research institutes from different areas of the globe in our analysis. The percentage of publications including international collaboration varied widely among these institutions. Analysis of the average number of citations per publication, in addition to the determination of the field-weighted citation impact, confirmed that international collaboration resulted in higher citation indices. Our study employed approaches to partially quantify the influence of international collaboration on the impact of science, which could serve as the basis for scientific policies aimed at stimulating international partnerships and increasing scientific visibility.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Breastfeeding experiences differ between primiparous and multiparous women. This study aims to investigate how parity influences breastfeeding duration among Brazilian women and to examine the relationship between the number of siblings and the duration of breastfeeding for each child. Data from the Pró-Saúde Study (1999-2012) were used to analyze breastfeeding duration. Differences between parity groups were tested using the chi-square test, while Kruskal-Wallis test and analysis of variance assessed variations in breastfeeding duration, with comparisons visualized using Kaplan-Meier plots. Characteristics such as maternal age and mode of delivery are relevant, especially among primiparous mothers, while maternal education and household income have a positive impact on breastfeeding duration. The use of the Cox model to analyze breastfeeding duration highlights the need for further investigation into the factors influencing this practice, especially considering the decrease in breastfeeding duration among children born in the 1990s and 2000s. These results point to the complex interaction of social, economic, and behavioral factors that should be considered in public policies aimed at maternal and child health.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Cervical cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death in 36 countries, and high-risk human papillomavirus types are responsible for most cases. Identifying strategies to make treatment more targeted and effective has become a priority. This study aims to validate a set of differentially expressed genes previously identified in cervical cancer stem cells as predictive biomarkers for response to chemoradiotherapy using minimally invasive samples. Additionally, it aims to elucidate the relationship between high-risk human papillomavirus infection and cervical cancer patients’ response to treatment. Gene expression for three differentially expressed genes (COPZ1, ILF2, and SNX2) was evaluated from 20 cervical cancer patients’ cervical cytology brushes. Unmapped reads from the same transcriptome were used to evaluate the presence of human papillomavirus in tumor tissue through qualitative screening of 13 high-risk human papillomavirus types. Our study did not clarify the relationship between high-risk human papillomavirus infection and the treatment response. However, we found downregulation of COPZ1 in patients who responded to treatment compared to non-responders, and ILF2 in patients with more advanced tumor stages. This suggests that COPZ1 and ILF2 expressions are potential cervical cancer prognostic biomarkers that can be assessed using samples commonly used in clinical practice.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Infertility affects 10-15% of reproductive-age couples, with causes ranging from genetic factors to unidentified reasons. Environmental conditions, particularly pollutants, play a significant role in male fertility. Yet, public health policies often overlook reproductive health, despite mounting evidence of pollutants’ detrimental repercussion. Understanding this impact is crucial to prevent the effects of dangerous exposure, especially given the high levels of environmental pollutants in today’s world. Most of the previous research about the adverse effects from contaminants has been conducted in rodents, with limited human epidemiological research. This article reviews the evidence about the impact of various contaminants (air pollutants, water contaminants, pesticides, herbicides, radiation, heavy metals, and plastics) on male reproductive health, particularly sperm quality and fertility. The literature suggests that exposure to contaminants during fetal development and childhood has irreversible effects, while those of adult exposure are often reversible. These findings highlight the need to alert society about reproductive health threats from certain contaminants. Public authorities should consider this situation when designing health plans, and individuals envisaging fatherhood should be aware of these risks.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Sea-level changes during the Pleistocene and the geomorphological history have largely molded the intricate shaping of coastal drainages in Eastern South America. Therefore, freshwater fishes from this region are promising models to infer how riverine isolation and reconnections affected their genetic diversification and geographic distribution. In the present study, we provided a detailed cytogenomic analysis of Ancistrus multispinis and Ancistrus brevipinnis, including the physical mapping of repetitive DNA classes, to verify whether chromosome differentiation would be related to the split between two major watersheds in Southern Brazil. Both species of Ancistrus shared the same modal diploid number (2n=52) and karyotype formulae (14 metacentric, 8 submetacentric and 30 subtelo/acrocentric chromosomes), besides single and terminal 18S ribosomal cistrons, (CGG)10 microsatellite sequences interspersed with heterochromatin in nucleolar organizer regions and a dispersed content of (AC)15 and (GT)15 microsatellites. In turn, the patterns of heterochromatin distribution, number of (GAG)10 microsatellites and 5S rDNA clusters diverged between both taxa. Most likely, these microstructural differences were determined by independent evolutionary processes, strongly associated to the geographic isolation between watersheds. Furthermore, the mapping of repetitive DNAs revealed a dynamic reorganization of genomes of Ancistrus, being useful for the taxonomic disambiguation in this complex group of Neotropical fish.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Spodoptera eridania is considered a polyphagous pest, as it attacks several crops. The aim of this study was to identify a virus isolate present in symptomatic S. eridania caterpillars. The virus sample was extracted and OBs purification performed. Viral DNA was extracted using the PureLink Viral RNA/DNA Mini Kit (ThermoFisher) and primers prl8-1 and prl8-1B were used for amplification of the gene fragment. The isolate was identified showing high genetic similarity with the isolate “Spodoptera eridania nucleopolyhedrovirus isolate CNPSo-165”, characterizing itself as a novelty in the scenario and as promising, adding the tactics available for the integrated management of S. eridania.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Papaya is susceptible to fungal deterioration and the use of essential oils (EOs) emerges as a promising alternative to fungicides, which causes environmental and human health problems. To evaluate the antifungal activity of essential oils and their major constituents in controlling papaya pathogens, the following in vitro assessments were conducted: I) screening of seven EOs regarding the antifungal activity; II) determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the most promising EOs; III) analysis of chemical composition of the most effective oils; and IV) evaluation of the antifungal potential of the major constituents both individually or in combination. The results showed that the EOs of cinnamon bark, oregano, clove basil, and rosemary pepper exhibited high antifungal activity against all studied fungi, with MIC values from 0.50 to 2.00 μL mL-1. The major constituents found in oregano EO were carvacrol, ρ-cymene, and thymol; in cinnamon bark EO, cinnamaldehyde, o-methoxy, and cinnamyl; in rosemary pepper EO, thymol, ρ-cymene, and caryophyllene; and in clove basil EO, eugenol, ρ-cymene, and caryophyllene. Regarding the antifungal activity of the EO constituents, the mixture of the three major demonstrated greater efficiency against the studied fungi. Using constituents represents an alternative for controlling postharvest diseases in papaya.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Brazil is a country with one of the greatest biodiversities in the world, in addition to the high diversity of biomes that directly influences the composition of fauna and flora. In this context, the analysis of the potential distribution of calliphorids in the Northeast can generate important information for forensic entomology and conservation biology. This study aims to identify the current and potential distribution of the main species of flies from the family Calliphoridae of forensic interest in the Northeast region of Brazil. For this purpose, field and bibliographic data were collected and analyzed. The obtained data were used to develop ecological models based on the MaxEnt model. The analyses showed that the exotic species Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819) and Chrysomyia megacephala (Fabricius, 1794) are the most common species in Northeast environments, presenting a wide spatial distribution. On the other hand, native taxa have a more restricted distribution, except for the species Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius, 1775). The variables that most influenced the models were precipitation and wind. The ecological models presented in this study demonstrate an overlap in the distribution of exotic and native species, which may pose a risk of competition and future homogenization of assemblies.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Invasive species pose a critical threat to ecosystems, with far-reaching consequences. Invasive plants can directly interact with native pollinators, while wind-pollinated grasses indirectly alter plant-pollinator networks by reshaping the composition of plant and animal communities, diminishing ecosystem functioning. Here, we investigated the effect of invasive grass on pollinator richness, native plant visits, and the structure of plant-pollinator networks. Additionally, we explored the influence of non-native honeybees on these same variables in the Caatinga. Invasive grass negatively affected native pollinators and reduced visitation to native plants. The dominance of invasive grass leads to an increased niche overlap among native pollinators. Surprisingly, this did not affect the number of visits by non-native honeybees. However, the increased honeybee visitation negatively impacted native pollinator richness, causing a 60% decline. Our results underscore the compounded negative effects of invasive grass and non-native honeybees on native plant-pollinator dynamics. Invasive grasses indirectly decrease pollinator visits by altering plant communities. Meanwhile, honeybees, unaffected by invasive grass, decrease native pollinator species’ richness and visitation rates. These findings emphasize the significant impact of biological invasions on ecosystem health, shedding light on the complex interplay between invasive species and plant-pollinator interactions in arid, abandoned landscapes.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The emerging global events of Marine Heatwaves (MHW), including those in Antarctica, are generally caused by large-scale meteorological and oceanographic changes responsible for rapid warming, but with lasting consequences in marine communities worldwide. Several abiotic features, such as surface seawater temperature (SST), salinity, pH, nutrients, and ice dynamic limit the reproduction, growth and distribution of macroalgae, which are sensitive to abrupt oscillations in these features resulting in changes in polar assemblages. This review compiled and related MHWs spatial data from South Shetland Islands (SSI), Eastern and Western Antarctic Peninsula (EAP/WAP), discussing seaweed assemblages possible responses on composition, distribution and richness, as well species expansion and retreat. Additionally, we present an updated and compiled checklist of macroalgal taxa from the WAP. The present data showed a clear enhance in MHWs events in SSI, when compared to EAP and WAP. Also, this coincides with the increase in richness and distributional changes of seaweed assemblages along the SSI, in the last decade. Changes in these marine sentinel assemblages constitute a warning to the Antarctic biota. Besides, the present review expands current polar knowledge and detects gaps in Antarctic phycological conservation studies and their connections facing climate change.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The initial step in many biogeography approaches involves identifying biogeographical units, which serve as fundamental building blocks for understanding biodiversity patterns and guiding conservation efforts. We aimed to analyse the conservation of biogeographical units of an endangered biodiversity hotspot by: (i) detecting clusters of endemic frog species; (ii) testing predictions of vicariance model; (iii) evaluating the conservation of the patterns based on protected areas and habitat loss; and (iv) highlighting priority biogeographical units for conservation. Biogeographical units were identified via Biotic Elements analysis, using range polygons for 381 endemic frogs. We tested two predictions of vicariance model: (i) the occurrence of non-random patterns, forming clusters of co-occurring species (Biotic Elements, BEs); and (ii) the occurrence of closely related species in distinct BEs. We calculated the percentage of forest remnants in each BE and their overlap with protected areas. We highlighted those with high degrees of irreplaceability and/or vulnerability as priority BEs for conservation. We recovered 21 Biotic Elements. Both predictions of the vicariance model were validated. On average, BEs presented 28% of forest remnants, but only 12% of their total areas were protected. Mountain ranges of central Atlantic Forest harbour most of BEs, emphasizing the importance of safeguarding these regions.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Parasites are an important part of ecosystems, but are frequently ignored in studies on major anthropogenic impacts on aquatic environments. Biological invasions are responsible for biodiversity loss, and are one of the possible consequences of water transfer projects. In addition, there is a possibility that the non-native species brings, at least in part, its parasite fauna to the invaded area, or acquire new parasites in the new environment. Here, we investigated the endoparasites of a non-native fish species that was recently recorded in the upper Paraíba River basin, Northeastern Brazil, after a major water transfer project. Fifty specimens of Moenkhausia costae were collected from the Poções reservoir, Monteiro municipality, Paraíba State. Forty-two hosts were parasitized (84%), and 179 parasite specimens were collected. The endoparasite community was composed of six species of nematodes. There was no significant correlation between parasitism and the size of the hosts, nor the host’s condition factor. Although the size of parasitized and non-parasitized fish did not differ, the relative condition factor was significantly higher for parasitized fish. Future studies should investigate which parasites were introduced with M. costae, and which ones were part of the invaded environment.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Bee monitoring characterizes the local fauna and determines conservation measures. The study evaluated the influence of pantrap color on bee attraction and the difference in seasonal patterns of these insects. Collections were carried out in commercial plantations of Malpighia emarginata in the Northeast region of Brazil, using yellow, blue and white pantraps. A total of 1,449 bee specimens belonging to 59 species, four subfamilies of Apidae, 18 tribes and 31 genera were captured, with emphasis on the subfamily Apinae (89.6%). Blue pantraps captured 66.5% of the total sampled specimens, followed by white (19.6%) and yellow (13.9%). Melitomella grisescens (29.3%) was the most abundant species, followed by Apis mellifera (10.3%), Melitoma segmentaria (10.1%), Ptilothrix plumata (9.6%) and Melitoma ipomoearum (6.8%). With the exception of A. mellifera, all the most abundant species belonged to the Emphorini tribe (56%). Regarding the Centridini tribe, pantraps were efficient in collecting species, but not individuals. The months of September and November/2019 were the months when the lowest numbers of insects were collected and the lowest rainfall rates were recorded. In this sense, understanding new methodologies becomes essential to identify the diversity of pollinators for the construction of management and conservation plans.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The Borrachudos Granitic Suite (BGS) comprises an acid magmatism that occurred in the west edge of Araçuaí orogen (Late Neoproterozoic), southeastern Brazil. Previous papers attributed the magma genesis to crustal thickening related to an older Paleoproterozoic, Transamazonian orogeny. However, geochronological data indicate that BGS is younger, dominated by about 1.7 Ga granitoids hosted in the archean basement. To investigate the nature of this magmatism, mineralogical, geochemical, Nd-Sr isotopic studies in the BGS and genetically related metarhyolites inside the fold belt were carried out. High SiO2, K, Fe, F, Nb, Y, Zr and REE contents characterize granitoids and metarhyolites. The suite has ENd(T) values of -10.10 and -6.17, with TDM of 2.6-3.0 Ga, and initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.7057, indicating features of alkaline and anorogenic (A-type) within plate granitic magmas, derived from a Proterozoic crustal source. Therefore, we argue that an orogenic model for this magmatism is not viable. We propose that BGS is associated to crustal melting induced by mantle diapirism or mantle derived magmas related to the Paleoproterozoic extensional tectonic that produced crustal rifting, westward, precursory to the Espinhaço Supergroup basin. Beryl- and topaz-rich pegmatites of NYF-type intruded the granites as well as nearby host gneisses during BGS evolution.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract This article describes an investigation using spectral indices to characterize coffee production of Brazil, regarding beverage quality and possible correlations with the growing environment. The study evaluated 50 arabica coffee samples, 16 of which were natural process, and 34 were pulped coffes. These samples were originated from growing areas located in different altitude ranges and regions of the municipality, with similar planting spacing and predominance of Catuai cultivars. The samples were subjected to sensory analysis, which revealed that 58% of the samples were classified as specialty coffees: 3 natural, and 26 pulped coffes. Multiple correspondence analysis showed that average spectral indices, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), enhanced vegetation index (EVI), and photochemical reflectance index (PRI), derived from images of the multispectral instrument (MSI), were not associated with the quality parameters of the coffee beverage. In contrast, the plant senescence reflectance index (PSRI) proved to be the relevant factor in the quality of the drink. In summary, the analysis of the relationship between the indices demonstrated that the NDVI, which measures the vegetative vigor of plants, showed an inverse correlation with the PSRI. Additionally, the principal component analysis suggested that samples collected from drier areas differed significantly from other geographic regions.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The highly lipophilic nature and low aqueous solubility of cannabidiol (CBD) limit its oral bioavailability, resulting in poor intestinal absorption. To overcome these limitations, we proposed the production of a nanoemulsion with CBD to be included in the therapeutic treatment of autism spectrum disorder. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of CBD-rich corn oil nanoemulsion treatment in male rats born to females exposed to valproic acid (VPA) during pregnancy on autistic-like behaviors and hippocampal histology. Offspring rats were treated orally twice daily with CBD nanoemulsions at different doses (1 and 2 mg/animal). The endpoints evaluated were anxiety, grooming time, exploratory activity, sociability, the social preference index, and hippocampal and cerebral cortex histology. All formulations were characterized as nanoemulsions and showed a reduced vesicle size (107.6 - 72.6 nm), low PDI (0.290-0.432), negative zeta potential (-40.6 mv), and good stability. Prenatal exposure to VPA increased anxiety and grooming time, and reduced exploratory activity, sociability, and the social preference index in the animals. Furthermore, VPA-exposed animals exhibited elevated neuronal death and a reduction in viable cells in the hippocampus. In conclusion, CBD nanoemulsion treatment reversed autistic-like behaviors, potentially by protecting against hippocampal neuronal death. The highly lipophilic nature and low aqueous solubility of cannabidiol (CBD) limit its oral bioavailability, resulting in poor intestinal absorption. To overcome these limitations, we proposed the production of a nanoemulsion with CBD to be included in the therapeutic treatment of autism spectrum disorder. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of CBD-rich corn oil nanoemulsion treatment in male rats born to females exposed to valproic acid (VPA) during pregnancy on autistic-like behaviors and hippocampal histology. Offspring rats were treated orally twice daily with CBD nanoemulsions at different doses (1 and 2 mg/animal). The endpoints evaluated were anxiety, grooming time, exploratory activity, sociability, the social preference index, and hippocampal and cerebral cortex histology. All formulations were characterized as nanoemulsions and showed a reduced vesicle size (107.6 - 72.6 nm), low PDI (0.290-0.432), negative zeta potential (-40.6 mv), and good stability. Prenatal exposure to VPA increased anxiety and grooming time, and reduced exploratory activity, sociability, and the social preference index in the animals. Furthermore, VPA-exposed animals exhibited elevated neuronal death and a reduction in viable cells in the hippocampus. In conclusion, CBD nanoemulsion treatment reversed autistic-like behaviors, potentially by protecting against hippocampal neuronal death.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract This study describes the embryonic and larval development of the ornamental fish Heros severus, and the effects of delaying its initial feeding, providing insights for its captive breeding. Experiment 1 describes the embryonic and larval until hatching. The Experiment 2 determined the point-of-no-return (PNR) and evaluated the effect of delaying the first feeding on the development and survival of H. severus larvae. This experiment consisted of 10 treatments represented by the day of first feeding (delays of 1 to 10 days to first feeding), and two controls (positive: larvae continuously fed; negative: not-fed larvae. The cleavage occurred at 55 minutes post- fertilization and hatching at 53 hours post-fertilization at a water temperature of 28±0.5°C. The newly hatched larvae showed average total length of 4.18±0.18mm and remained attached to the substrate until mouth opening, which was observed at 125 hpf, when they filled the gas bladder and initiated swimming movements. The longer was the time for first feeding, the lower was larval weight and length. However, one day of feed deprivation did not affect larval development. The estimated point-of-no-return for H. severus larvae were 6 and 8 days for PNR50 and PNR100, respectively.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The Plecoptera taxonomy in Patagonia is well-documented, yet their distribution remains poorly understood, hindering comprehensive ecological and biogeographical studies. This study enhances knowledge of stonefly distribution in two Patagonian national parks: Nahuel Huapi and Los Alerces. Extensive fieldwork, georeferenced species records, and geographic information system data integration were conducted. Species richness was calculated using polygons (0.1° x 0.1° pixels) across ecoregions, with species indexed from rare to ubiquitous. Cluster analyses revealed faunal affinities across ecosystem complexes, and richness estimators (Jack1, Jack2, and Chao2) highlighted knowledge gaps. Results showed uneven species distribution, with the highest richness polygon (n = 19) in Los Alerces. The Northern Moist Forests hosted the most species, followed by the Transitional Cypress-Beech Forests. The rarest species were also found in these two complexes, as well as the Ecotone Steppe-Forest. Cluster analysis revealed strong affinities between the Northern Moist Forests of Nahuel Huapi and Ecotone Steppe-Forest. Richness estimators suggested up to 23 undocumented species. Though much remains to be learned about Plecoptera distribution in Patagonia, this study emphasizes the critical role of national parks in conserving biodiversity and provides a foundation for future conservation strategies, identifying new taxa records, including southernmost distributions.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Fourteen families of Lepidoptera are considered of medical relevance, with six of them recorded in Brazil. However, basic information on medically relevant Lepidoptera in Brazil is limited, with most studies focused on the southern region. This study presents the first comprehensive list of Lepidoptera of medical relevance for the state of Rio de Janeiro based on data from literature, iNaturalist, and the Taxonomic Catalog of the Brazilian Fauna. Based exclusively on literature, 161 species of Lepidoptera of medical relevance have been recorded in southern and southeastern Brazil, with 90 species found in Rio de Janeiro. By incorporating additional sources, the list expands to 325 species, 268 of which are found in Rio de Janeiro. These are distributed across Saturniidae (20 genera / 98 species), Lasiocampidae (6 / 98), Megalopygidae (5 / 38), Limacodidae (8 / 25), Erebidae (1 / 8), and Aididae (1 / 1). The study also discusses records from the Notifiable Diseases Information System, clinical terminologies related to Lepidoptera, and the importance of citizen science platforms in expanding scientific knowledge. Additionally, the taxonomic challenges in identifying these insects are highlighted.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The present study aimed to investigate the nematode parasite fauna in 66 stranded sea turtles on the northeastern coast of Brazil between 2010 and 2019. The parasite samples were stored at the Fundação Mamíferos Aquáticos (FMA), which collaborated on this research. The survey covered four species: Chelonia mydas, Lepidochelys olivacea, Caretta caretta, and Eretmochelys imbricata. Six species of nematode parasites were identified. C. caretta showed the highest diversity of nematode species, with Cucullanus carettae being the dominant species. In L. olivacea, Tonaudia freitasi was the dominant species, while in C. mydas and E. imbricata, the dominant species were Kathlania leptura and Sulcascaris sulcata, respectively. Statistical analyses indicated that there was no significant correlation between the size of the turtles’ carapaces and the intensity or abundance of parasites in L. olivacea, according to Spearman correlation coefficients. Additionally, the study presents novel data: the first record of C. carettae and A. carettae in Brazil, Contracaecum sp. larvae in sea turtles, and new occurrences of K. leptura, T. freitasi, and S. sulcata. This survey contributes to the monitoring and understanding of the helminth fauna affecting sea turtles on the northeast coast of Brazil.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Post parturition period during which female animal does not exhibit estrus behavior and is unable to get successfully fertilized and conceive is known as post-partum anestrus. It causes buffalo reproduction failure, restricts the full exploitation of buffalo for milk and meat and down turning of the national economy of agricultural countries. Post-partum anestrus is one of the most ignored factors influenced by farm environmental conditions and genetic complement of animal. In the present study, we have tried to get an insight into genetic predisposition of anestrus by characterization of MEPA1 gene which decreases serum Igf-1 concentration during port partum stage. Sequences of MEPA1 gene retrieved from Ensembl database were analyzed by EXPASY, GeneMANIA, SIFT, I-Mutant, PROTPARAM, CELLO2GO, HOPE server, PHYRE2, SOPMA and SOSUI. SNPs reported in cases 19-23 were found to alter localization of protein. SNPs documented in cases 3, 4, 10, 14, 16, 19 and 23 affected topology. Variants in cases 4, 8-10 and 15 changed 3D structure. Hence, SNPs rs470711084, rs464074496, rs109405018, rs473528825, rs470711084, rs519229329, rs474419241, rs464074496, rs517701562, rs467425367, rs451973288, rs462968442, rs133043096, rs433804044, rs4442522640, rs464074496, rs444252640, rs443365364 and rs443365364 might assist in selection of animals with least susceptibility for post-partum anestrus at the time of selective breeding.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The effects of acute handling stress on the physiological and antioxidant responses of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) and the hybrid tambatinga (C. macropomum × Piaractus brachypomus) raised in a recirculating aquaculture system were investigated. Thirty juveniles of tambaqui (27.8 ± 2.8 g) and thirty of tambatinga (26.2 ± 3.1 g) were used. Six fish/group were captured and subjected to the sample to determine basal parameters. The remaining animals were chased with hand net for 3 minutes, exposed to air for 2 minutes and subjected to biometry. Blood and oxidative parameters were determined immediately after stress (IAE) and after 1h (1hAE), 24h (24hAE) and 48h (48hAE). Stress caused an increase in the hematocrit of tambaqui at IAE, with reduction after 48hAE. For glycemia, there were differences between the fish groups and collections with higher values for tambatinga and after IAE and 1hAE. Cholesterol in tambaqui increased after 24hAE and 48hAE, decreasing in hybrid after 24hAE with return to basal after 48hAE. SOD increased in IAE while in tambaqui the response only occurred after 48hAE, resulting in an increase in lipid peroxidation. Conclude that biometric management resulted in hemodilution in tambatinga, without recovery of basal parameters. However, the antioxidant system prevented lipid peroxidation.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract We report the capture of several new species of longhorn beetles from Peruvian fauna using synthetic pheromones, syn-2,3-hexanediol, fuscumol, and fuscumol acetate. A total of seven species of longhorn beetles from the subfamily Lamiinae were captured. These longhorn beetles were distributed into the following tribes and species: Acanthocinini (Hylettus spilotus, Leptostylus sp., Nealcidion emeritum, and Paroecus charpentierae), Acanthoderini (Oreodera bituberculata), Colobotheini (Colobothea osculatii), and Compsosomatini (Aerenea brunnea). All specimens were captured in traps baited with fuscumol, either alone or in blend. Our findings suggest that blends of pheromones containing fuscumol are crucial for monitoring potential invasive species in new agricultural and forestry environments.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract This study examined the presence of Salmonella spp. in fresh frog meat and freeze-dried seasoned frog meat stored for up to 90 days at room temperature. The samples were analyzed in triplicate using the conventional official method, by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and mass spectrometry technique (MALDI –TOF) — for a comparison of the results obtained by the three tested methods. Mass spectrometry analyses confirmed the presence of Salmonella spp. in 100% of the fresh frog meat samples. In the analysis by the conventional method, the percentages of detection were 67% and 100% in samples B2 and B3, whereas the PCR method indicated 100% and 67% presence of the bacteria in the respective samples. In the analyses of freeze-dried none of the three methods detected the presence of Salmonella spp. The different analysis methods tested in this study were efficient in determining the presence or absence of Salmonella spp. in the samples, and the comparison between methods revealed a high percentage of compatibility of results. Adoption of efficient detection methods, such as PCR and MALDI-TOF, is essential, not only for public health, but also for compliance with Brazilian regulations, ensuring that food products are free from Salmonella spp. contamination and safe for consumption.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The objective of this study was to isolate lactic bacteria, quantify the population of Lentilactobacillus buchneri by qPCR, and evaluate the effects of the inoculation of native strains of L. buchneri in sorghum silage. The treatments were arranged in a 4 × 5 factorial scheme, with four inoculants (I) and five fermentation periods (P) (7, 14, 28, 45, and 90), in a completely randomized design, with three replicates. Forty-seven LAB strains were isolated from control silage, and L. buchneri was the predominant species at 45 and 90 days of fermentation. The qPCR data showed that L. buchneri predominated during all fermentation periods in the inoculated silages. There was an effect (P<0.05) of I × P interaction on all studied variables of the fermentative profile and microbial population. There was an effect (P<0.05) of I × P interaction on the dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), in vitro DM digestibility, and in vitro NDF digestibility. Inoculation with L. buchneri resulted in silages with better fermentative quality and digestibility and a lower yeast population. The native LB.1 and LB.4 strains have potential to be used as inoculants in sorghum silage production, with effects on fermentation quality at 45 days of storage.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The control and monitoring process for broiler facilities needs to be improved to mitigate or eliminate birds’ thermal stress. Thus, the objective was to develop of a fuzzy controller embedded in a microcontroller and a multiplatform web application that communicates with the fuzzy controller to control the aviary climate system. An architecture based on the Internet of Things (IoT) and agribusiness 4.0 was used to implement a fuzzy controller embedded in a microcontroller. Data were collected by temperature and humidity sensors. A multiplatform web application communicated the climate system to the fuzzy controller. This information was transmitted to the central web server via message queuing telemetry transport (MQTT). The system performed decision-making to control the aviary thermal environment of broilers ranging from one to 49 days old. The input variables of the system were the black globe-humidity index (BGHI) and the bird age. Defuzzification by the center of gravity method produced environmental ratings that were used to control the thermal environment automatically and smartly. Using the intelligent prototype produced a 98% accuracy in the validation process. This low-cost system can be used as an agribusiness 4.0 application to mitigate thermal stress conditions in aviaries and, consequently, reduce productivity losses.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract In this study, we integrated data from more than 30 years of inventories available in the main herpetological collections of the Pernambuco Endemism Center (PEC), northern Atlantic Forest. We aimed to reduce the Wallacean shortfall of amphisbaenians and lizards (non-snake squamates) in the region, to provide distribution maps of all species, and to direct future survey efforts and conservation strategies in one of the most threatened portions of the Atlantic Forest. The species list was based exclusively on records associated with vouchers from localities in the PEC and transition zones. We recorded 50 species of non-snake squamates in the PEC, distributed across 97 municipalities in four states. Among the species registered in the PEC, seven are topotypical, five are endemic and three are considered threatened with extinction. Only 35% of the municipalities in the PEC have at least one individual deposited in the herpetological collections analyzed and of these only 35% have more than ten species registered. The most representative areas are concentrated in the coastal portion of the PEC, and arranged in four main zones. These zones mainly overlap with areas close to state capitals and around some of the PEC’s protected areas.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Contracaecum jorgei was recently described as a new anisakid species from the Argentine wolffish Hoplias argentinensis. This study aimed to report a new host and locality for C. jorgei and highlight inconsistencies in some Contracaecum spp. deposits based on sequence comparisons. Through morphometric analyses and comparative analyses of genetic sequences in GenBank, using a locus from the cytochrome oxidase subunit 2 gene, present specimens were identified as C. jorgei. Misidentified sequences of Contracaecum spp. were also observed and discussed. Thus, C. jorgei is reported for the first time in the Brazilian common snook Centropomus undecimalis, expanding the reports and, consequently, its geographic distribution in the Neotropical region.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The bovine papillomavirus (BPV) is known to cause lesions in the epithelial tissue of cattle, which causes bovine papillomatoses. This disease is characterized by wart lesions in different body parts, causing losses in the animal value. Despite the economic impact, there are no effective vaccines available at this moment. The present study aims to develop a nanoformulated autogenous vaccine using the inactivated virus present in warts to control the diseases associated with BPV. To this end, papillomavirus was collected from infected bovines on a farm in Goiás, Brazil. The warts containing the viruses were macerated to obtain the inactivated viruses to be formulated within chitosan nanoparticles. The chitosan nanoparticles containing the inactivated viruses presented 330.7 nm in size, a polydispersity index of 0.41, and a positive Zeta potential of 38.2 mV. The association efficiency was 58.3%. The nanoparticles containing the inactivated virus were stable for up to 30 days and presented no hemolysis toxicity. This could be an interesting approach to develop a vaccine to protect bovines from BPV infection.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Although the geographic distribution, phylogeny and natural history of Psomophis genimaculatus, a snake that inhabits diverse environments, such as the Chiquitana Forest, Cerrado, Pantanal, and Chaco, have been investigated in several studies, reproductive biology assessments are still lacking for this species. In this sense, this research investigated sexual dimorphism, sexual maturity, and reproductive cycle of P. genimaculatus, specimens from Brazil. Sexually reproductive females display longer body lengths, while males possess longer tails, although similar head lengths and widths are noted males and females. The female reproductive cycle exhibits a prolonged seasonal pattern, with secondary vitellogenesis taking place from September to June and oviductional eggs appearing between July and September. Follicular length, however, was not correlated to seasonality. Fecundity was not associated to body length but was closely aligned with potential fecundity. Histological assessments indicate secondary vitellogenesis beginning at follicle length of 7.6 mm. Ductus deferens and testicular volume in males are not influenced by body size or season. A spermatogenesis peak is noted in early autumn, with residual activity observed throughout winter. This study contributes with novel data on the reproductive biology of P. genimaculatus, aiding in this species conservation efforts.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Parasitic diseases, like avian malaria, play a relevant impact on wild avifauna around the world, putting a threat to biodiversity, principally in endemic zones. For this research, we collected 171 blood samples from 21 wild bird species in different locations within Atlantic Rainforest, a global avian endemism center. These samples were analyzed using a morphological, molecular, and phylogenetic approach. Our findings reveal the presence of Plasmodium cathemerium, a widespread and pathogenic parasite species in bird hosts. Furthermore, we recovered another 4 new genetic lineages of avian malaria parasites, enriching knowledge about these haemosporidians in the Atlantic Rainforest and Brazil.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Controlling ore dilution in underground mining is challenging. In this study, data from a Brazilian gold mine were analyzed, covering 70 chambers and 26 variables. Six key variables were identified through decision tree analysis, forming the basis of a predictive model using advanced soft computing techniques. The constructed Random Forest model (RF-A) significantly outperformed two predictive equations from the literature, achieving an R² of 0.9161 compared to 0.3009 and 0.1597 from the literary equations. Validation of RF-A with random subsampling resulted in a marginal decrease in the R² value to 0.3060, suggesting a nonlinear correlation between mining variables and dilution, highlighting the inadequacy of linear analysis methods. By dividing the dataset into three subsets representing different mineral bodies, three new Random Forest models (RF-CV, RF-CB, and RF-LJ) were created, with R² values of 0.5465, 0.5295, and 0.4525, respectively. These results underscore the need to tailor models to specific geological contexts and demonstrate the potential of machine learning techniques in predicting dilution in complex underground mining scenarios.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract This article addresses gender issues in the context of the professor’s productivity grants (PQ) distribution applied to Civil Engineering. It contributes with reflections on the advancement of knowledge and gender equality through the inclusion of integrity and holistic aspects. A quantitative and descriptive data analysis of public documents revealed that the number of women civil engineers is considerable, and that female professors engaged in postgraduate are capable of competing for scholarships. Nevertheless, less than 20% of PQ scholarships are awarded to female civil engineers, and the current scenario point to a gender disparity in terms of approval PQ demands. Moreover, despite the majority having already reached the pinnacle of their academic careers, only one has been designated at the highest level, and none have attained the rank of Senior. These findings can indicate segregation, structural barriers, lack of support and policies that encourage access to the highest levels of scholarships, possible subjectivity in the judgment that lead to the lack of impartiality and discrimination, and other factors that may still be understood as gender discrimination. Thus, the PQ criteria can be reviewed in light of the Brazilian National Care Policy, Sustainable Development Goal 5, and gender mainstreaming.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate)/organoclay (EVA/OC) systems were prepared by melt mixing in a twin-screw extruder. The potential application of the nanocomposites in the production of blow molding films was analyzed by mechanical, thermal, morphological, X-ray diffraction, water vapor permeability and rheological properties. A modified organoclay (OC) with a non-ionic surfactant, free of ammonium salt (Vulgel-AM), and an organoclay modified with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (Vulgel-CT) were added in EVA matrix (1.5 wt%). The X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that EVA/Vulgel-AM presented a partially exfoliated morphology. The EVA/Vulgel-AM when compared to EVA/Vulgel-CT system presented higher toughness property, higher thermal stability, a more pronounced water vapor barrier behavior and appropriate balance of viscoelastic in rheological properties. Finally, the results of the analysis performed in this study it is signaled that EVA/Vulgel-AM is a more viable and interesting candidate to produce a stable blow film when compared to EVA/Vulgel-CT.