Calcium anacardate as source of anacardic acid in laying Japanese quail diet

DOS SANTOS, REBECA C.; FREITAS, EDNARDO R.; NEPOMUCENO, RAFAEL C.; LIMA, RAFFAELLA C.; MONTEIRO, NAYANNA C.; DA SILVA, CLEANE P.; DO NASCIMENTO, GERMANO A.J.; WATANABE, PEDRO H.

doi:10.1590/0001-3765202220190410

person REBECA C. DOS SANTOS

schoolUniversidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Zootecnia, Av. Mister Hull, 2977, 60021-970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil

0000-0001-9078-7991

person EDNARDO R. FREITAS

schoolUniversidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Zootecnia, Av. Mister Hull, 2977, 60021-970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil

0000-0001-7226-9517

person RAFAEL C. NEPOMUCENO

schoolUniversidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Zootecnia, Av. Mister Hull, 2977, 60021-970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil

0000-0003-0674-1662

person RAFFAELLA C. LIMA

schoolUniversidade Federal Rural do Amazonas, Departamento de Zootecnia, Rod. PA, km 13, 68515-000 Parauapebas, PA, Brazil

0000-0001-7526-632X

person NAYANNA C. MONTEIRO

schoolUniversidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Zootecnia, Av. Mister Hull, 2977, 60021-970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil

0000-0002-4189-4333

person CLEANE P. DA SILVA

schoolUniversidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Zootecnia, Av. Mister Hull, 2977, 60021-970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil

0000-0001-9567-4953

person GERMANO A.J. DO NASCIMENTO

schoolUniversidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Zootecnia, Av. Mister Hull, 2977, 60021-970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil

0000-0003-3360-5922

person PEDRO H. WATANABE

schoolUniversidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Zootecnia, Av. Mister Hull, 2977, 60021-970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil

0000-0002-1010-2305

Correspondence to: Rafael C. Nepomuceno E-mail: rafael.zootecnista@ufc.br

AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS

Rebeca Cruz dos Santos: investigation, data collection, writing – original draft, writing – review and editing. Ednardo Rodrigues Freitas: project administration,conceptualizatio, supervision, formal analysis, resources, data curation, data curation, funding acquisition. Rafael Carlos Nepomuceno: writing – review and editing, visualization. Raffaella Castro Lima: Supervision, methodology investigation, data collection. Nayanna Chaves Monteiro and Cleane Pinto da Silva: investigation, data collection. Germano Augusto Jerônimo do Nascimento and Pedro Henrique Watanabe: writing – review and editing.

Ingredients	Experimental diets
Ingredients	Without GP¹		With GP	0.25% CA²	0.50% CA	0.75% CA	1.00% CA
Corn	53.13		53.13	53.13	53.13	53.13	53.13
Soybean meal (45%)	34.76		34.76	34.76	34.76	34.76	34.76
Calcium anacardate	0.00		0.00	0.25	0.50	0.75	1.00
Soybean oil	3.55		3.55	3.55	3.55	3.55	3.55
Bicalcium phosphate	1.58		1.58	1.58	1.58	1.58	1.58
Limestone	5.23		5.23	5.23	5.23	5.23	5.23
Premix³	0.20		0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20
Common salt	0.34		0.34	0.34	0.34	0.34	0.34
Inert	1.00		0.90	0.75	0.50	0.25	0.00
DL-methionine	0.16		0.16	0.16	0.16	0.16	0.16
Coline chloride	0.05		0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05
Halquinol	0.00		0.05	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
BMD⁴	0.00		0.05	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Total	100.00		100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
Nutritional composition
Metabolizable energy (kcal/kg)		2,900
Crude protein (%)		20.00
Calcium (%)		2.50
Available phosphorous (%)		0.40
Sodium (%)		0.15
Total lysine (%)		1.10
Total meth+cystine (%)		0.77
Total methionine (%)		0.45
Total threonine (%)		0.78
Total tryptophan (%)		0.25

Treatments	Feed intake (g/bird/day)	Eggs production (%/bird/day)		Egg weight (g)	Egg mass (g/bird/day)	Feed conversion ratio (g/g)
Without GP¹	22.02	85.94		11.16	9.59	2.30
With GP	22.78	89.18		11.22	10.00	2.28
0.25% CA²	22.82	88.83		11.40	10.12	2.25
0.50% CA	23.00	89.58		11.31	10.14	2.27
0.75% CA	23.02	89.73		11.14	10.00	2.30
1.0% CA	22.96	88.85		11.24	9.98	2.30
Mean	22.78	88.76		11.25	9.98	2.28
CV³ (%)	4.20	5.31		2.11	5.65	2.33
ANOVA⁴	p-value
Treatments	0.5539		0.8060	0.4618	0.6688	0.6135
Regression	p-value
Linear	0.6992		0.6236	0.2788	0.9838	0.5306
Quadratic	0.7374		0.6304	0.4029	0.9357	0.7252

Treatments	Percentage			Haugh Units	Specific Density (g/cm³)	Shell Thickness (mm)	Yolk Color
Treatments	Yolk	Albumen	Shell	Haugh Units	Specific Density (g/cm³)	Shell Thickness (mm)	Yolk Color
Without GP¹	30.60	61.38	8.02	90.21	1.075	0.20	4.60
With GP	30.29	61.76	7.94	90.38	1.072	0.21	4.60
0.25% CA²	30.61	61.37	8.01	90.10	1.073	0.20	4.46
0.50% CA	30.71	61.30	7.99	90.92	1.072	0.20	4.48
0.75% CA	31.19	60.85	7.97	90.66	1.072	0.20	4.61
1.00% CA	30.79	61.19	8.02	90.27	1.073	0.20	4.61
Mean	30.70	61.31	7.99	90.43	1.072	0.20	4.56
CV³ (%)	1.87	1.01	2.32	0.95	0.22	2.36	3.48
ANOVA⁴	p-value
Treatment	0.2011	0.2550	0.966	0.5769	0.4000	0.1617	0.3300
Regression	p-value
Linear	0.2642	0.3630	0.5978	0.0597	0.5627	0.9518	0.5317
Quadratic	0.3273	0.4374	0.5869	0.0599	0.5046	1.000	0.8042

[tfnI] ¹GP - growth promotor; ²CA - calcium anacardate; ³Premix-levels per kg of product: Vitamin A (min) 5,500,000 UI, Vitamin B1 (min) 500mg, Vitamin B12 (min) 7,500mcg, Vitamin B2 (min) 2,502mg, Vitamin B6 (min) 750mg, Vitamin D3 (min) 1,000,000 UI, Vitamin E (min) 6,500 UI, Vitamin K3 (min) 1,250mg, Biotine (min) 25mg, Niacin (min) 17.5g, Folic acid (min) 251 mg, Pantenoic acid (min) 6,030mg, Cobalt (min) 50mg, Copper (min) 3,000mg, Iron (min) 25g, Iodine (min) 500mg, Manganese (min) 32.5g, Selenium (min) 100,05mg, Zinc (min) 22.49g. 4BMD- Bacitracin Methylene Disalicylate.