Phytochemical characterization and antidiabetic analysis of <i>Bauhinia holophylla </i>extract on the maternal-fetal outcomes of rats

SAVAZZI, KAMIRRI; CRUZ, LARISSA L. DA; MORAES-SOUZA, RAFAIANNE Q.; SOARES, THAIGRA S.; SILVA-SOUSA, JEFERSON JOSÉ; SINZATO, YURI KAREN; AMÉRICO, MADILEINE FRANCELY; CAMPOS, KLEBER EDUARDO; MONTEIRO, GEAN CHARLES; LIMA, GIUSEPPINA PACE P.; DAMASCENO, DÉBORA CRISTINA; VOLPATO, GUSTAVO TADEU

doi:10.1590/0001-3765202420230604

person KAMIRRI SAVAZZI

conception and design · data acquisition · data analysis and interpretation · manuscript writing

schoolUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Laboratório de Fisiologia de Sistemas e Toxicologia Reprodutiva, Av. Valdon Varjão, 6390, 78605-091 Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil

0000-0003-2607-7244

person LARISSA L. DA CRUZ

Data acquisition · data analysis and interpretation · manuscript writing

schoolUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Laboratório de Fisiologia de Sistemas e Toxicologia Reprodutiva, Av. Valdon Varjão, 6390, 78605-091 Barra do Garças, MT, BrazilschoolPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Tocoginecologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Medicina, Laboratório de Pesquisa Experimental em Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Av. Prof. Mário Rubens Guimarães Montenegro, s/n, 18618-687 Botucatu, SP, Brazil

0000-0002-6740-2202

person RAFAIANNE Q. MORAES-SOUZA

data acquisition · data analysis and interpretation

schoolUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Laboratório de Fisiologia de Sistemas e Toxicologia Reprodutiva, Av. Valdon Varjão, 6390, 78605-091 Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil

0000-0002-3639-5740

person THAIGRA S. SOARES

data acquisition · data analysis and interpretation

schoolUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Laboratório de Fisiologia de Sistemas e Toxicologia Reprodutiva, Av. Valdon Varjão, 6390, 78605-091 Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil

0000-0003-4402-0241

person JEFERSON JOSÉ SILVA-SOUSA

data acquisition · data analysis and interpretation

schoolUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Laboratório de Fisiologia de Sistemas e Toxicologia Reprodutiva, Av. Valdon Varjão, 6390, 78605-091 Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil

0000-0002-5724-2073

person YURI KAREN SINZATO

data acquisition · data analysis and interpretation

schoolPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Tocoginecologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Medicina, Laboratório de Pesquisa Experimental em Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Av. Prof. Mário Rubens Guimarães Montenegro, s/n, 18618-687 Botucatu, SP, Brazil

0000-0002-2973-1099

person MADILEINE FRANCELY AMÉRICO

data analysis and interpretation · manuscript writing

schoolUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Laboratório de Fisiologia de Sistemas e Toxicologia Reprodutiva, Av. Valdon Varjão, 6390, 78605-091 Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil

0000-0001-8474-3765

person KLEBER EDUARDO CAMPOS

data analysis and interpretation · manuscript writing

schoolUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Laboratório de Fisiologia de Sistemas e Toxicologia Reprodutiva, Av. Valdon Varjão, 6390, 78605-091 Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil

0000-0001-6847-4577

person GEAN CHARLES MONTEIRO

data acquisition · data analysis and interpretation

schoolUniversidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Departamento de Ciências Químicas e Biológicas, Rua Prof. Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, 18618-689 Botucatu, SP, Brazil

0000-0001-6072-8018

person GIUSEPPINA PACE P. LIMA

data analysis and interpretation · manuscript writing

schoolUniversidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Departamento de Ciências Químicas e Biológicas, Rua Prof. Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, 18618-689 Botucatu, SP, Brazil

0000-0002-1792-2605

person DÉBORA CRISTINA DAMASCENO

data acquisition · data analysis and interpretation · manuscript writing

schoolPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Tocoginecologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Medicina, Laboratório de Pesquisa Experimental em Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Av. Prof. Mário Rubens Guimarães Montenegro, s/n, 18618-687 Botucatu, SP, Brazil

0000-0002-7003-9643

person GUSTAVO TADEU VOLPATO

conception and design · data acquisition · data analysis and interpretation · manuscript writing

schoolUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Laboratório de Fisiologia de Sistemas e Toxicologia Reprodutiva, Av. Valdon Varjão, 6390, 78605-091 Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil

0000-0002-4753-3264

Correspondence to: Gustavo Tadeu Volpato E-mail:
gustavo.volpato@ufmt.br

Compounds	Concentration
Total phenol (mg GAE/g)	18.1 ± 0.6
Total flavonoids (mg QE/g)	11.0 ± 0.4
DPPH (µg/g Trolox)	15.4. ± 15.6
FRAP (mmol Fe²⁺/Kg)	85.3 ± 0.2
Quantifications of total phenolic compounds (mg/100g)
Rutin	4.3 ± 0.1
Catechin	3.7 ± 0.0
3-hydroxytyrosol	1.5 ± 0.1
Gallic acid	1.5 ± 0.0
Quantifications of biogenic amines (µg/g)
Tryptophan	106.2 ± 4.2
Tyramine	95.3 ± 1.7
5-hydroxytryptophanhttps://www.sigmaaldrich.com/BR/pt/substance/5hydroxyltryptophan220224350098?context=product	44.8 ± 1.2
Serotonin	12.5 ± 0.3
Dopamine	6.7 ± 0.5
Putrescine	3.0 ± 0. 1
Spermine	2.6 ± 0.3
Tryptamine	1.7 ± 0.1
Spermidine	1.3 ± 0.1
Cadaverine	0.8 ± 0.0
Histamine	0.5 ± 0.0

	Groups
	Nondiabetic (n=12)	Nondiabetic Treated (n=13)	Diabetic (n=12)	Diabetic Treated (n=14)
Body weight (g)
Day 0	271.2 ± 16.8	254.8 ± 26.6	240.7 ± 19.5*	247.5 ± 22.5*
Day 7	287.7 ± 26.2	265.8 ± 28.0	251.9 ± 16.6*	259.9 ± 17.8*
Day 14	307.0 ± 18.4	289.6 ± 22.4	268.3 ± 17.5*	280.4 ± 22.3*
Day 20	386.8 ± 21.0	349.5 ± 32.2*	310.9 ± 29.9*	335.7 ± 34.1*
Water intake (mL)
Day 0	37.8 ± 11.5	36.8 ± 6.5	99.3 ± 42.7*	75.6 ± 36.6*#
Day 7	41.1 ± 15.3	42.1 ± 7.7	126.8 ± 46.6*	90.6 ± 41.8*#$
Day 14	45.5 ± 12.6	46.9 ± 7.7	174.6 ± 66.5*	113.2 ± 52.3*#$
Day 20	54.2 ± 10.8	51.3 ± 9.6	172.5 ± 64.6*	99.6 ± 50.2*#$
Food intake (g)
Day 0	16.5 ± 5.5	16.7 ± 1.3	25.3 ± 7.8*	24.0 ± 4.4*#
Day 7	20.0 ± 5.8	20.1 ± 4.7	31.3 ± 8.5*	26.4 ± 6.4
Day 14	23.5 ± 2.9	21.8 ± 2.7	39.0 ± 9.0*	31.0 ± 12.0
Day 20	25.5 ± 5.3	22.2 ± 2.3	40.6 ± 10.1*	31.8 ± 9.7$

	Groups
	Nondiabetic	Nondiabetic treated	Diabetic	Diabetic treated
Pregnant at term (N)	12	13	12	14
Corpora lutea Total (N) Mean ± SD^a	154 12.8 ± 1.5	180 13.8 ± 2.1	141 11.7 ± 1.4	175 12.5 ± 1.8
Implantation Total (N) Mean ± SD^a	147 12.2 ± 1.7	146 11.2 ± 2.5	115 9.6 ± 3.0*	151 10.8 ± 2.0
Live fetuses Total (N) Mean ± SD^a	136 11.3 ± 1.7	139 10.7 ± 2.7	97 8.1 ± 3.4*	137 9.8 ± 2.4
Dead fetuses Total (N) Mean ± SD^a	2 0.2 ± 0.6	0 0.0 ± 0.0	0 0.0 ± 0.0	0 0.0 ± 0.0
Resorptions Total (N) Mean ± SD^a	9 0.7 ± 1.6	7 0.5 ± 0.9	18 1.5 ± 1.8	14 1.0 ± 1.4
Pre-implantation loss (%)^b	4.5	18.9*	18.4*	13.7*
Postimplantation loss (%)^b	7.5	4.8	15.6*	9.3
Maternal weight gain (g)^a	115.7 ± 12.8	94.6 ± 33.9	70.2 ± 22.7*	88.2 ± 33.6
Gravid uterus weight (g)^a	76.8 ± 9.9	67.4 ± 18.6	54.5± 26.4*	65.1 ± 15.9
Maternal weight gain minus gravid uterus weight (g)^a	38.8 ± 14.9	27.2 ± 20.3	15.6 ± 11.5*	23.1 ± 21.1

	Groups
	Nondiabetic (n=136)	Nondiabetic treated (n=139)	Diabetic (n=97)	Diabetic treated (n=137)
Fetal body weight (g) ^a Mean ± SD	5.1 ± 0.5	4.7 ± 0.6*	4.3 ± 0.6*	4.8 ± 0.5*$
SGA Fetuses (%)^b	3 (2.2)	20 (14.4)*	43 (44.3)*	14 (10.2)$
AGA Fetuses (%)^b	128 (94.1)	118 (84.9)*	53 (54.6)*	121 (88.3)$
LGA Fetuses (%)^b	5 (3.7)	1 (0.7)	1 (1.0)	2 (1.5)
Ossification sites ^a	23.7 ± 1.7	21.4 ± 2.4*	21.3 ± 2.3*	21.6 ± 2.2*
Placental weight (g) ^a Mean ± SD	0.5 ± 0.0	0.4 ± 0.1*	0.6 ± 0.1*	0.6 ± 0.1*#
Placental efficiency ^a Mean ± SD	12.2 ± 2.2	12.2 ± 2.3	7.8 ± 1.8*	8.9 ± 1.9*#$

	Groups
	Nondiabetic	Nondiabetic Treated	Diabetic	Diabetic Treated
External anomalies
Number of fetuses examined (litter)	136 (12)	139 (13)	97 (12)	137 (14)
Mean % fetuses with alteration per litter (mean ± SD) ^a	0.0 ± 0.0	0.0 ± 0.0	4.2 ± 14.4	0.0 ± 0.0
Total number of fetuses (%) with alteration^b	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	2 (2.1%)	0 (0.0%)
Body edema^b	0 (0.0 %)	0 (0.0 %)	2 (2.1 %)	0 (0.0 %)
Skeletal anomalies
Number of fetuses examined (litter)	73 (12)	73 (13)	50 (12)	73 (14)
Mean % fetuses with alteration per litter (mean ± SD) ^a	52.6 ± 28.0	93.3 ± 18.8*	90.9 ± 17.6*	92.1 ± 13.9*
Total number of fetuses (%) with alteration^b	39 (53.4%)	68 (93.1%)*	47 (93.9%)*	68 (93.1%)*
Incomplete ossification of cranium^b	1 (1.3%)	3 (4.1%)	2 (4.0%)	1 (1.3%)
Abnormally shaped vert. centrum^b	1 (1.3%)	0 (0.0%)	4 (8.0%)	12 (16.4%)*
Bipartite ossif. of vertebral centrum^b	0 (0.0%)	1 (1.3%)	4 (8.0%)*	14 (19.1%)*
Supernumerary rib^b	4 (5.5%)	5 (6.8%)	25 (50.0%)*	18 (24.6%)*#
Wavy rib^b	3 (4.1%)	7 (9.6%)	2 (4.0%)	13 (17.8%)*#
Sternebra agenesis^b	3 (4.1%)	2 (2.7%)	1 (2.0%)	0 (0.0%)
Unossified sternebrae^b	7 (9.6%)	9 (12.3%)	5 (10.0%)	7 (9.6%)
Incomplete ossification of sternebrae^b	12 (16.4%)	40 (54.8%)*	29 (58.0%)*	30 (41.1%)*
Abnormally shaped sternebrae^b	9 (12.3%)	16 (21.9%)	39 (78.0%)*	45 (61.6%)*
Visceral anomalies
Number of fetuses examined (litter)	63 (12)	66 (13)	47 (12)	64 (14)
Mean % fetuses with alteration per litter (mean ± SD) ^a	30.5 ± 21.0	30.1 ± 15.7	63.9 ± 36.7*	64.1 ± 31.2*#
Total number of fetuses (%) with alteration^b	19 (31.7%)	19 (28.8%)	33 (70.2%)*	40 (62.5%)*
Microphthalmia^b	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (2.1%)	0 (0.0%)
Expanded spinal canal^b	0 (0.0%)	1 (1.5%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)
Dilated trachea^b	0 (0.0%)	7 (10.6%)*	4 (8.5%)*	6 (9.4%)*
Bladder hyperplasia^b	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (1.6%)
Dilated renal pelvis^b	1 (1.6%)	0 (0.0%)	2 (4.2%)	3 (4.7%)
Hydroureter^b	13 (20.6%)	12 (18.2%)	21 (44.7%)*	24 (37.5%)*
Sinuosis Ureter^b	1 (1.6%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (1.6%)
Hydronephrosis^b	1 (1.6%)	1 (1.5%)	5 (10.6%)	10 (15.6%)*
Kidney agenesis^b	1 (1.6%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (2.1%)	0 (0.0%)
Ectopic testis^b	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (2.1%)	0 (0.0%)

[tfnI] Values are represented as means of three repetitions ± standard deviation (SD).

Phytochemical characterization and antidiabetic analysis of Bauhinia holophylla extract on the maternal-fetal outcomes of rats