Seston biomass in plankton assemblages in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean: spatial, vertical, and temporal variations

DIAS, CRISTINA DE OLIVEIRA; BONECKER, ANA CRISTINA T.; CARVALHO, PEDRO F. DE; PARANHOS, RODOLFO; BONECKER, SÉRGIO LUIZ COSTA

doi:10.1590/0001-3765202420230490

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ECOSYSTEMS • An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc. 96 (3) • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202420230490 linkcopy

Seston biomass in plankton assemblages in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean: spatial, vertical, and temporal variations

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Bioseston is a heterogeneous assemblage of bacterioplankton, phytoplankton, zooplankton, and planktonic debris. A detailed knowledge of biosestons is essential for understanding the dynamics of trophic flows in marine ecosystems. The distributional features of seston biomass in plankton (micro- and mesoplankton) in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean (Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil) were analyzed using stratified samples gathered to a depth of 2,400 m during night time. The horizontal pattern of biomass distribution was analyzed vis-a-vis station depth during both wet and dry periods, with higher values recorded in the continental shelf than in the slope, confirming the terrestrial contribution of nutrient sources to the marine environment. This horizontal variation reinforces the occurrence of seasonal vortices in Cabo Frio and Cabo de São Tomé on the central coast of Brazil. Environmental variables reflect the hydrological signatures of the water masses along the Brazilian coast. The largest seston biomass was related to high temperatures, salinities, and low inorganic nutrient concentrations in tropical and South Atlantic central waters. The observed distribution patterns suggest that seston biomass in plankton in the region may be structured based on partitioned horizontal and vertical habitats and food resources.

Key words
Plankton; Seston biomass; Southwestern Atlantic Ocean; Spatial and temporal variations; Water mass

Depth	Sampling Periods	Nitrate (μmol/L)		Nitrite (μmol/L)		Ammonia (μmol/L)
Depth	Sampling Periods	Min	Max	Min	Max	Min	Max
1 m	Wet Period	0.56	3.09	0.02	0.1	0.05	0.37
1 m	Dry Period	0.37	4.85	0.02	0.35	0.05	0.25
250 m	Wet Period	0.58	7.67	0.02	0.32	0.05	0.15
250 m	Dry Period	1.48	11.41	0.02	0.14	0.05	0.39
800 m	Wet Period	5.29	32.37	0.02	0.13	0.05	0.07
800 m	Dry Period	18.18	34.72	0.02	0.08	0.05	0.32
1,200 m	Wet Period	17.58	31.76	0.02	0.08	0.05	0.05
1,200 m	Dry Period	25.42	35.33	0.02	0.1	0.05	0.48
2,300 m	Wet Period	11.01	18.41	0.05	0.07	0.05	0.05
2,300 m	Dry Period	14.16	21.38	0.02	0.05	0.05	0.08

	Continental shelf		Slope
	Wet period	Dry period	Wet period	Dry period
	Transect A
Average biomass	1.00	0.32	0.24	0.11
(Min-Max)	(0.391-1.527)	(0.101-0.600)	(0.129-0.506)	(0.070-0.132)
	Transect C
Average biomass	0.31	0.40	0.27	0.11
(Min-Max)	(0.169-0.550)	(0.213-0.572)	(0.106-0.468)	(0.068-0.195)
	Transect D
Average biomass	0.23	0.25	0.13	0.17
(Min-Max)	(0.161-0.308)	(0.141-0.384)	(0.100-0.159)	(0.075-0.357)
	Transect F
Average biomass	0.25	0.23	0.25	0.08
(Min-Max)	(0.126-0.466)	(0.064-0.410)	(0.061-0.393)	(0.040-0.129)
	Transect H
Average biomass	0.19	0.39	0.13	0.13
(Min-Max)	(0.042-0.307)	(0.188-0.608)	(0.055-0.273)	(0.038-0.211)
	Transect I
Average biomass	0.24	0.35	0.16	0.23
(Min-Max)	(0.194-0.277)	(0.317-0.387)	(0.083-0.221)	(0.118-0.388)

	Continental shelf		Slope
	Wet period	Dry period	Wet period	Dry period
	Transect A
Average biomass	0.78	0.26	0.16	0.11
(Min-Max)	(0.276-1.080)	(0.126-0.413)	(0.093-0.279)	(0.073-0.140)
	Transect C
Average biomass	0.28	0.36	0.20	0.12
(Min-Max)	(0.142-0.421)	(0.208-0.569)	(0.093-0.258)	(0.050-0.177)
	Transect D
Average biomass	0.21	0.22	0.11	0.12
(Min-Max)	(0.163-0.276)	(0.181-0.238)	(0.080-0.132)	(0.049-0.194)
	Transect F
Average biomass	0.17	0.22	0.17	0.09
(Min-Max)	(0.180-0.408)	(0.083-0.316)	(0.044-0.299)	(0.055-0.166)
	Transect H
Average biomass	0.17	0.46	0.10	0.18
(Min-Max)	(0.055-0.302)	(0.271-0.740)	(0.059-0.197)	(0.103-0.237)
	Transect I
Average biomass	0.25	0.06	0.16	0.12
(Min-Max)	(0.185-0.301)	(0.025-0.135)	(0.075-0.241)	(0.76-0.145)

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