Effects of corn straw on meat characteristics of lambs in the Brazilian semi-arid region

OLIVEIRA, ANA B. DE; PAULA, TALITA A. DE; SOUSA, WANDRICK HAUSS DE; FERREIRA, MARCELO A.; CARTAXO, FELIPE Q.; CEZAR, MARCÍLIO F.; NEVES, MARIA LUCIANA M. WANDERLEY; BARRETO, LÍGIA MARIA G.; OLIVEIRA, FLÁVIO G. DE; GOMES, RAYANE N.; VÉRAS, ANTONIA SHERLÂNEA C.

doi:10.1590/0001-3765202320200395

person ANA B. DE OLIVEIRA

carried out the experiment · wrote the manuscript with support from L.M.G. Barreto, M.L.M.W

schoolUniversidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Zootecnia, Rua Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 51171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil

0000-0002-4136-0972

person TALITA A. DE PAULA

carried out the experiment · wrote the manuscript with support from L.M.G. Barreto

schoolUniversidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Zootecnia, Rua Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 51171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil

0000-0003-4902-9341

person WANDRICK HAUSS DE SOUSA

conceived of the presented idea · supervised the project

schoolEmpresa Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária da Paraíba, Rodovia BR 230, Km 13,3, s/n, Parque Esperança, Morada Nova, L-26, 58108-502 Cabedelo, PB, Brazil

0000-0001-8761-0626

person MARCELO A. FERREIRA

conceived of the presented idea · supervised the project · performed the statistical analysis

schoolUniversidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Zootecnia, Rua Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 51171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil

0000-0002-9155-4388

person FELIPE Q. CARTAXO

performed the statistical analysis

schoolUniversidade Federal de Campina Grande, Departamento de Ciência Animal, Campus Patos, Avenida Universitária, s/n, Santa Cecilia, 58708-110 Patos, PB, Brazil

0000-0002-2378-0420

person MARCÍLIO F. CEZAR

performed the statistical analysis

schoolUniversidade Federal de Campina Grande, Departamento de Ciência Animal, Campus Patos, Avenida Universitária, s/n, Santa Cecilia, 58708-110 Patos, PB, Brazil

0000-0003-3746-3917

person MARIA LUCIANA M. WANDERLEY NEVES

performed the statistical analysis

schoolUniversidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Zootecnia, Rua Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 51171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil

0000-0003-0077-4041

person LÍGIA MARIA G. BARRETO

performed the statistical analysis

schoolUniversidade Federal de Sergipe, Núcleo de Graduação em Zootecnia, Campus do Sertão, Rodovia Engenheiro Jorge Neto, Km 3, 49680-000 Silos Nossa Senhora da Glória, SE, Brazil

0000-0002-8011-0335

person FLÁVIO G. DE OLIVEIRA

carried out the experiment · wrote the manuscript with support from L.M.G. Barreto

schoolUniversidade Federal da Paraíba, Departamento de Zootecnia, Campus II, Areia, Rodovia 12, PB-079, 58397-000 Areia, PB, Brazil

0000-0002-0948-7543

person RAYANE N. GOMES

carried out the experiment · wrote the manuscript with support from L.M.G. Barreto

schoolUniversidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Zootecnia, Rua Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 51171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil

0000-0003-1571-624X

person ANTONIA SHERLÂNEA C. VÉRAS

performed the statistical analysis

schoolUniversidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Zootecnia, Rua Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 51171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil

0000-0002-7673-0654

Corresponding to: Talita Almeida de Paula E-mail:
talitaalmeidap@gmail.com

Chemical composition	Feed
Chemical composition	CW	SS	SM	Corn
Dry matter (g/kg NM)	911.5	372.8	914.4	905.0
Mineral matter (g/kg DM)	85.8	76.1	78.2	12.5
Organic matter (g/kg DM)	825.7	296.7	836.2	892.5
Crude protein (g/kg DM)	47.3	56.3	536.0	94.0
Ether extract (g/kg DM)	4.8	16.3	15.2	30.6
NDF_ap (g/kg DM)	790.0	653.0	156.0	138.0
NFC (g/kg DM)	72.1	198.4	214.6	725.0
Lignin (g/kg DM)	120.0	63.0	13.0	11.6

Ingredients	Replacement levels (%)
	0	33	66	100
Sorghum silage	39.00	26.00	13.00	0.00
Corn straw	0.00	12.92	25.84	38.76
Corn grain	43.50	43.50	43.50	43.50
Soybean meal	16.00	16.00	16.00	16.00
Urea	0.00	0.08	0.16	0.24
Common Salt	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50
Mineral mix^a	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Chemical composition
DM (g/kg NM) ^b	582.2	661.6	766.1	909.8
Organic matter ^c	837.5	840.2	842.8	845.5
Mineral matter ^c	61.5	62.7	63.9	65.1
Crude Protein ^c	148.6	149.7	150.8	151.9
Ether extract ^c	22.1	20.6	19.1	17.6
NDFap ^cd	339.7	356.8	374.0	391.2
ADF ^ce	169.7	178.3	187.0	195.6
TC ^cf	766.7	767.4	768.1	768.9
NFC ^cg	427.1	410.6	394.1	377.7
TDN ^ch	596.5	617.7	654.1	605.1

Variables	Replacement levels (%)				SEM^b	P-value
Variables	0	33	66	100	SEM^b	L ^c	Q ^d	CCW ^e
Daily average gain (kg/day)	0.23	0.23	0.19	0.20	0.0064	0.0353	0.9121	0.9125^f
Loin eye area (cm²)	12.76	13.06	12.40	12.99	0.2799	0.9988	0.7772	0.0500
Fat thickness (mm)	1.59	1.69	1.75	1.26	0.0854	0.2698	0.0904	0.3332
Absolute weights
HRC (kg)^a	10.31	9.86	9.16	9.12	0.1813	0.5390	0.8597	<0.0001
Shoulder (kg)	1.78	1.75	1.63	1.63	0.0345	0.9406	0.8911	<0.0001
Neck (kg)	1.30	1.14	1.18	1.16	0.0192	0.4386	0.3462	<0.0001
Rib (kg)	2.92	2.64	2.42	2.37	0.1260	0.0294	0.3892	<0.0001
Loin (kg)	1.17	1.29	1.10	1.12	0.0310	0.5733	0.0829	<0.0001
Leg (kg)	3.13	3.04	2.83	2.84	0.1352	0.8877	0.9320	<0.0001
Yield
Shoulder (%)	17.34	17.72	17.83	17.91	0.1433	0.5326	0.7098	0.0731
Neck (%)	12.56	11.61	12.86	12.75	0.2801	0.1856	0.3455	0.8614
Rib (%)	28.34	26.77	26.43	25.93	0.2053	0.0078	0.3095	0.0582
Loin (%)	11.36	13.01	11.93	12.37	0.1968	0.3179	0.1049	0.5874
Leg (%)	30.40	30.90	30.94	31.04	0.2201	0.4731	0.6983	0.5012

Variables	Replacement levels (%)				SEM ^b	P-value
Variables	0	33	66	100	SEM ^b	L ^c	Q ^d	CCW ^e
Leg R (kg)^a	3.08	3.00	2.82	2.80	0.0545	0.5660	0.5949	<0.0001
Muscle (kg)	2.04	1.95	1.84	1.88	0.0416	0.4156	0.5948	<0.0001
Muscle (%)	67.49	66.13	66.63	68.49	0.5070	0.4030	0.1392	0.9445
Bone (kg)	0.55	0.54	0.52	0.52	0.0090	0.1506	0.8197	<0.0001
Bone (%)	18.17	18.26	19.12	19.15	0.1968	0.2334	0.9024	0.0088
Fat (kg)	0.33	0.38	0.32	0.27	0.0156	0.4965	0.0355^f	0.0139
Fat (%)	10.96	12.78	11.68	9.78	0.5056	0.4035	0.0723	0.5997
Others tissue (kg)	0.10	0.08	0.07	0.07	0.0047	0.1692	0.4254	0.0026
Muscularity	3.72	3.63	3.50	3.58	0.0467	0.6480	0.4662	0.0382
Adiposity	6.42	5.46	6.43	7.06	0.2878	0.4272	0.1650	0.3912
Carnosity	4.33	4.33	4.13	4.09	0.0520	0.3099	0.7015	0.0154

Variables	Replacement levels (%)				SEM ^a	P-value
Variables	0	33	66	100	SEM ^a	L ^b	Q ^c	CCW ^d
Leg reconstituted (kg)	3.08	3.00	2.82	2.80	0.0545	0.0045	0.6974	<0.0001
Biceps (kg)	0.22	0.23	0.20	0.21	0.0052	0.3033	0.5704	<0.0001
Semimembranosus (kg)	0.27	0.25	0.24	0.25	0.0070	0.3322	0.2394	<0.0001
Semitendinosus (kg)	0.18	0.15	0.16	0.15	0.0057	0.9267	0.5101	0.0010
Quadriceps (kg)	0.40	0.38	0.37	0.37	0.0078	0.3798	0.6388	<0.0001
Adductor (kg)	0.11	0.11	0.10	0.10	0.0026	0.9402	0.8162	0.0470
Othersmuscle (kg)	0.86	0.84	0.76	0.79	0.0195	0.5392	0.8078	<0.0001
Femur (kg)	0.16	0.15	0.14	0.15	0.0028	0.8885	0.1157	<0.0001
Fat Subcutaneous (kg)	0.22	0.21	0.23	0.17	0.0121	0.5583	0.2422	0.2145
Fat Pelvic (kg)	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.02	0.0022	0.6021	0.5039	0.2022
Bone (kg)	0.55	0.54	0.52	0.52	0.0090	0.2352	0.7168	0.0005
W5M ^e (kg)	1.185	1.110	1.070	1.05	0.0023	0.3607	0.4496	<0.0001
LMI ^f	0.46	0.46	0.45	0.46	0.0039	0.9748	0.5750	0.0622

Variables	Replacement levels (%)				SEM ^a	P-value
Variables	0	33	66	100	SEM ^a	L ^b	Q ^c	CCW ^d
Lightness (L*)	34.41	33.98	33.79	32.48	0.5547	0.2783	0.7587	0.8392
Red intensity (a*)	12.52	11.17	11.98	11.91	0.2397	0.7621	0.2345	0.4144
Yellow intensity (b*)	6.45	5.89	6.17	6.11	0.1676	0.6073	0.4616	0.9452
WHC ^e (%)	37.28	36.10	37.94	37.58	0.6312	0.3948	0.9657	0.7167
Cooking loss (%)	38.70	40.49	39.25	35.89	1.1423	0.0950	0.5326	0.1492
Shear force (N^f/cm²)	22.16	28.92	25.69	24.12	0.1363	0.5042	0.0893	0.3634
Moisture (%NM^g)	74.97	75.25	75.40	75.14	0.1227	0.5712	0.3797	0.0153
Ash (%DM^h)	1.38	1.38	1.43	1.40	0.0263	0.1930	0.5862	0.1643
Protein (%DM)	21.80	21.53	21.19	21.46	0.1572	0.8849	0.5249	0.0531
Lipids (%DM)	2.40	2.17	2.15	2.16	0.0437	0.1754	0.1868	0.1112

[tfnI] CW= Corn straw.

SS= Sorghum silage.

SM= Soybean meal.

NDFap= neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein.

NFC= non-fibrous carbohydrates.

NM= natural matter.

DM= dry matter.