Some palaeoecological data from Rondonia, southern part of the Amazon Basin. (Palynological investigations on sediment cores from three localities in Rondonia in the southern part of the Amazon Basin, indicate that marked vegetational changes have ocurred there. The series of samples from Katira represents the late Cenozoic, probably Quaternary. The sediments from Capoeira might be partly of Holocene age (and possibly Upper Pleistocene as well). Apparently the climatic changes during several intervals of the Late Cenozoic (Quaternary) caused the development of savannas in this region which is now covered in tropical forest.